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Immunology and Serology MDLS 4169 > Test 2 Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Test 2 Quiz Questions Flashcards

1
Q

A radial immunodiffusion test is run for 72 hours. The concentration of the antigen is then calculated using the:

A

Square of the diameter of the precipitation ring 

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2
Q

If an Ouchterlony immunidiffusion pattern shows in ark equidistant between antigens A and B, this indicates that the antigens: 

A

Are identical

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3
Q

In a capture assay to determine the presence of a viral antigen in a patient sample, which of the following would be on a solid phase? 

A

Unlabeled antibody

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4
Q

Compared to a heterogeneous assay, a homogeneous assay: 

A

Is easier to adapt to automation

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5
Q

Fluorescently labeld antibodies are used in flow cytometry to determine: 

A

Proteins associated with a cell

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6
Q

An intrinsic parameter that can be measured by a flow cytometer is:

A

Granularity

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7
Q

Which test can be used in confirming the Specificity of serological screening assays ?

A

Western blots 

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8
Q

The best method to determine deposition of IgG complexes on the basement membrane of kidney is using

A

Immunofluorescent staining

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9
Q

A patient’s wbc’s are placed in culture. H – Thymidine is added to the cultures 48 hours later, and the amount of radioactivity incorporated in DNA (CPM) will be measured.  What would be added to simulate Proliferation of both T & B cells?

A

PWM

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10
Q

The production of insoluble complexes that absorb or scatter light but are too small to see directly is called:

A

Precipitation

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11
Q

A good enzyme for use in an immunoassay should have a: 

A

High substrate conversion rate

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12
Q

A child in day care has developed pneumonia. A child in a nearby daycare also has a respiratory infection, but not as severe. Samples from each child is found to have influenza virus using PC. Restriction enzyme digests of the amplified samples shows identical banding patterns. What conclusion can be drawn from these results?

A

The child may have been exposed to a common source of the cause of their illness

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13
Q

When a patient’s red blood cells combine with antigen A-typing serum to produce a positive result, the reaction is known as: 

A

Hemagglutination 

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14
Q

How would you interpret results of DNA restriction analysis by gel electrophoresis if there was a difference in one band?

A

The samples are not identical

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15
Q

What process confirms specificity in molecular biology methods? 

A

Hybridization

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16
Q

In flow cytometry, it is possible to detect the expression of 10 different cell membrane proteins stimulated by:

A

Staining the cells with 10 different labeled probes that fluoresce different wavelengths

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17
Q

And flow cytometry, if there are two light detectors, what does the amount of side scatter indicate?

A

Granularity of the cell

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18
Q

18. Which of the following best describes homogenous assays?
a.
The reagent antibody has an enzyme tag
b.
The concentration of patient antigen is always directly proportional to the label detected
C.
A washing step is not necessary
d.
Labeled and unlabeled analyte are present in equal amounts

A

C . A washing step is not necessary

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19
Q

A serological reaction is set up in which the antigen is bound to a large carrier, the antibody is soluble and the antigen and carrier bind and form an insoluble complex that is detected macroscopically. What type of assay is described?

A

Agglutination

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20
Q

If A serum sample causes a slight or marginal agglutination reaction when mixed with a particulate antigen then you should: 

A

Test a more diluted sample

21
Q

Pregnancy testing can be performed at home using: 

A

Immunochromatography

22
Q

In most flow cytometer‘s, labeled cells: 

A

Scatter the light and emits florescence

23
Q

An intrinsic parameter that can be measured by light scatter in a flow cytometer is: 

A

Cell size 

24
Q

A fluorescent signal and flow cytometry is generated by: 

A

Fluorochromes that absorb energy from a laser beam and then release the energy as a longer wavelengths 

25
Q

If anybody is uniformly distributed in a gel and antigen is added to a well cut into the gel, process is called:

A

 radial diffusion

26
Q

reverse passive agglutination test?

A

Antibody is attached to particles

27
Q

Nitroblue tetraoleum is added to patients wbc’s. Under microscopic examination, neutrophils but not lymphocytes are deep blue color. What is likely true?

A

Phagocytes are able to produce reactive oxygen species

28
Q

In polymerase chain reaction, the first cycle showing a positive signal: 

A

And indication of the original amount of target in the sample

29
Q

A tissue section is fixed to a microscope slide, then incubated with a fluorescently labeled antibody that binds to an antigen expressed by cells in that tissue. The precipitation is then washed and inspected with a fluorescent microscope. This technique is called: 

A

Direct immunofluorescence

30
Q

A serological test that uses red blood cells coding with exogenous antigens such as bacterial polysaccharides as a method to detect patient antibodies against those exogenous antigens is called: 

A

Hemagglutination

31
Q

What best describes a factor important for competitive binding assays? 

A

A limited number of binding sites are present 

32
Q

Flow cytometry is commonly used for: 

A

Determine the stage of leukocyte differentiation

33
Q

As measured in flow cytometry, cells that are the smallest and have the least granules would be identified as:

A

Lymphocytes

34
Q

if an Ouchterlony immunodiffusion pattern shows an arc between antigens A and B with an extended line pointing towards antigen B this indicates that the antigens: 

A

Share a common epitope with A being a more complex antigen

35
Q

An immunoassay is a performed In the following way: Antigen is bound to a solid support. Patient serum is added, and patient antibodies bind to the antigen. The well is washed and Enzyme labeled anti-immunoglobulins antibodies are added. Enzyme activity is determined. What immunoassay is described? 

A

ELISA

36
Q

An ELISA assay was performed on a patient serum sample. What is the relationship of the amount of enzyme activity to the amount of patient analyte measured?

A

Directly proportional

37
Q

The measurement of the light scattered at an angle by the antigen-antibody complexes in a solution is called:

A

Nephelometry

38
Q

A patient is being treated for HIV Infection. Before treatment, real time PCR results for viral load had a cycle threshold (CT) Of 28, but after two months of treatment a CT of 24 was found these results indicate:

A

The viral load is increasing

39
Q

When carrier particles are coated with an antigen that is not normally found on them this is known as:

A

Passive agglutination

40
Q

reverse passive agglutination test?

A

Antibody is attached to particles

41
Q

In performing blood typing using the tube method, if the red blood cell button is not resuspended properly, what are the most likely results?

A

False positive

42
Q

What is characteristic of a passive agglutination test?

A

Antigen molecules are artificially bound to particles

43
Q

Fluorescent signal and flow cytometry is generated by:

A

Fluorochromes that absorb energy from a laser beam and then release the energy as a longer wavelength light

44
Q

An immunoassay is performed in the following manner to look for antigen (Ag) in the patient serum: Patient serum + labeled Ag + known antibody (Ab) are added together and incubated. Unbound material is washed off. The amount of labeled Ag is then measured. What assay is performed?

A

Competitive

45
Q

If crossed lines result in an Ouchterlony immunodiffusion reaction with antigens A and B, this indicates antigens A and B:

A

Are entirely different

46
Q

Point-of-care testing is performed most easily using:

A

Immunochromatographic assay

47
Q

Compared with a capture assay, a radioimmunoassay is likely to be more advantageous in terms of:

A

Detecting small molecules

48
Q

Select the strand of RNA that is complementary to this single strand of DNA: TTAAGCCGTA

a. AAUUCGGCAU
b. AATTCGGCATA
C. UAAUCGGCUAU
d. TUUTCGGCAUA

A

a. AAUUCGGCAU

49
Q

What is meant by “gating” in flow cytometry?

A

An electronic window separating subpopulations of cells

Immunology and Serology MDLS 4169 (12 decks)

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