Cells and Tissues of Immune System Flashcards
What are the types of WBC?
-neutrophils
-eosinophils
-basophils
-monocytes
-lymphocytes
- NK cells
50-60% of circulating WBC, also found in tissues
First responders to infection
Phagocytosis
Neutrophils
Also known as PMN
Neutrophils
What is the size of neutrophils?
10-15 micrometers
Neutrophils have a large number of ___________ Staining granules in cytoplasm
Neutral
How many lobes are Usually seen in the nucleus of neutrophils?
2-5
WBC that kills parasites and participate in allergic reactions
Eosinophils 
_______% of circulating WBC in non-allergic person and found at site of response against allergen or parasite
1-3
What is the size of eosinophils? 
12-14 micrometers
What color are eosinophils large granules? What stain causes this color?
Orange/red granules
Eosin dye
Eosinophil granules contain __________ proteins that can damage membrane of parasite.
Cationic 
What is the shape of eosinophils nucleus? 
Bilobed
This WBC Participates in allergic or parasitic responses but makes up less than 1% of WBC in blood
Basophil
What is the size of basophils?
10-15 micrometers
What color granules do basophils have?
What do the granules contain?
Bluish – purple
histamine, cytokines, etc.
What is the typical lifespan of basophils?
Very short, only a few hours
This WBC is phagocytic and migrates into tissues to become macrophages
Monocyte
What is the Percentage of circulating monocytes?
4-10%
What is the size of Monocytes?
12-22 micrometers
What is the shape of monocyte nucleus?
Large irregularly folded or horseshoe shaped nucleus
How do you monocytes typically stain?
Cytoplasm stains gray-blue, containing small granules (granules contain substances to kill organisms, etc.) 
These arise from monocytes that migrate into tissues
Macrophages (Tissue cells)
True or false
Macrophages play a role in innate immunity, and initiating and regulating adaptive immune responses
True
What are some things that macrophages can do?
• microbial killing
• Antitumor activity
• Intracellular parasite eradication
• Phagocytosis
• Secretion of cell mediators (e.g. Cytokines- hormones of the immune system)
- cells found in tissues, particularly skin, connective tissues and mucosal tissues
-Resemble basophils but come from a different lineage
Mast cells
The granules of this cell type contain histamine
Play a role in defense against parasites, as well as allergic reactions
Mast cell
-covered with long Membranousextensions that make them resemble nerve cell dendrites 
Dendritic cells 
These are considered the most effective APC in the body and the most potent phagocytic cell
Dendritic cells 
Lymphocytes represent between ______ and ______ % Of the circulating wbc’s
20, 40
-Mononuclear cells
-no granules in most
Lymphocytes
What are the types of lymphocytes?
• B cells (Antibody production)
• T cells (Regulation of immunity, killing of virus infected and cancer cells Specificity
• natural killer cells (killing a virus infected in cancer cells innate immunity, no specificity
Antibodies help ___________ Cell populations
Identify
(examples: CD3, CD4, CD8)
CD8 is found on what type of cells?
Cytotoxic T cells
CD3 is found on what type of cells?
T cells, Associated with T cell antigen receptor
CD4 is Associated with what type of cells?
T-helper cells (CD3+ and CD4+)
Function as potential sites for contact with foreign antigens
Provides the microenvironment to generate immune responses 
Secondary lymphoid organs
Examples of secondary lymphoid tissue?
Spleen, lymph nodes, MALT, CALT
What part of the spleen destroys old RBCs and makes up for more than 1/2 of the total volume
Red pulp
Comprises about 20% of the total weight of a spleen
Contains lymphoid tissue arranged around arterials in a Periarterial lymphoid sheath containing T cells
White pulp of spleen
Area of the spleen that contains B cells not yet stimulated by antigen
Primary follicles
-Found on mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracks
-A main portal of entry for foreign antigens
-Numerous macrophages and lymphocytes present
MALT
T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells found on the skin
CALT
What are the five principal types of leukocytes?
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes
What are the tissue cells involved in immunity?
• mast cells
• Dendritic cells
• Macrophages
What are the cells that are involved in the innate immune response and are actively phagocytic?
Neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells
________________ are the key cells involved in the adaptive immune response. 
Lymphocytes
_________ cells are a type of lymphocyte that develop in the bone marrow and are capable of secreting antibody when mature
B
T cells acquire their specificity in the thymus and consist of what to sub types? 
CD4 and CD8+
______ cells kill virally infected or cancerous target cells without previous exposure to them. (Innate immunity) 
NK
What are the two primary lymphoid organs?
Bone marrow and thymus
