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Test 2 examples. Flashcards

1
Q

microcytic hypochromic anemias

A

IDA
thalassemia
chronic blood loss
ACD, ARD

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2
Q

microcytic hypochromic lab findings

A

decreased MCV, MCH, MCHC
(ACD- low TIBC)
(IDA- increased TIBC)
(thalassemia- normal TIBC)

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3
Q

macrocytic hypochromic anemia

A

vitamin B12, folic acid deficiency
alcoholism
liver disease

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4
Q

macrocytic hypochromic lab findings

A

increased MCV

normal/increased MCH, MCHC

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5
Q

normocyctic normochromic anemias

A

ACD
acute blood loss
hemolytic anemia (sickle cell anemia)
aplastic anemia

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6
Q

normocytic normochromic anemia lab findings

A

normal MCV, MCH, MCHC

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7
Q

7.8 WBC (5-10,000)
5.6 RBC (4.5-6.0)
10.0 HGB (13-18)
28 Hct (42-52)
60 MCV (80-100)
20 MCH (27-31)
30 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

increased TIBC
low iron

A

microcytic hypochromic anemia

increased TIBC= IDA

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8
Q

7.8 WBC (5-10,000)
5.6 RBC (4.5-6.0)
10.0 HGB (13-18)
28 Hct (42-52)
60 MCV (80-100)
20 MCH (27-31)
30 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

normal TIBC
normal iron

A

microcytic hypochromic anemia

normal TIBC= thalassemia

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9
Q

7.8 WBC (5-10,000)
5.6 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
10.0 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
28 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
60 MCV (80-100)
20 MCH (27-31)
30 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

low TIBC
low iron

A

microcytic hypochromic anemia

low TIBC= ACD (ARD)

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10
Q

macrocytic normochromic anemias

A

vitamin B12, folate deficiency (megaloblastic anemia)

alcoholism, liver disease (non-megaloblastic)

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11
Q

macrocytic normochromic lab findings

megaloblastic

A

increased MCV
normal MCH, MCHC

increased iron
increased ferritin

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12
Q

macrocytic normochromic lab findings (non-megaloblastic)

A

increased MCV
normal MCH, MCHC

increased liver enzymes
increased bilirubin

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13
Q

6.1 WBC (5-10,000)
4.0 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
8 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
26 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
104 MCV (80-100)
31 MCH (27-31)
35 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

numbness and tingling down her right arm, shows signs of depression

A

low RBC, HGB, Hct= anemia
high MCV= macrocytic
low MCH, MCHC= normochromic

s/s= B12 deficiency

megaloblastic anemia (pernicious anemia)

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14
Q

6.1 WBC (5-10,000)
4.0 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
8 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
26 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
104 MCV (80-100)
31 MCH (27-31)
35 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

seems to be forgetful, no neurologic damage

A

high MCV= macrocytic
normal MCH, MCHC= normochromic

s/s= folic acid deficiency

megaloblastic anemia

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15
Q

6.1 WBC (5-10,000)
4.0 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
8 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
26 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
104 MCV (80-100)
31 MCH (27-31)
35 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

came into the office fatigued and pale, seems to be drunk

A

high MCV= macrocytic
normal MCH, MCHC= normochromic

s/s- anemia and alcoholism

non-megaloblastic anemia

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16
Q

types of normocytic normochromic anemias

A

anemia of chronic disease
acute blood loss
hemolytic anemia
aplastic anemia

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17
Q

normocytic normochromic lab findings

A

normal MCV, MCH, MCHC

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18
Q

4.0 WBC (5-10,000)
3.9 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
8 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
26 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
84 MCV (80-100)
31 MCH (27-31)
35 MCHC (32-36)
low Platelets

A

low RBC, HGB, Hct= anemia
normal MCV, MCH, MCHC= normocytic normochromic
low platelets

aplastic anemia

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19
Q

4.0 WBC (5-10,000)
3.9 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
8 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
26 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
84 MCV (80-100)
31 MCH (27-31)
35 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

appear to be jaundiced

A

low RBC, HGB, Hct= anemia
normal MCV, MCH, MCHC= normocytic normochromic

hemolytic anemia

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20
Q

4.0 WBC (5-10,000)
3.9 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
8 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
26 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
84 MCV (80-100)
31 MCH (27-31)
35 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

african american

A

low RBC, Hct, HGB= anemia
normal MCV, MCH, MCHC= normocytic normochromic

sickle cell anemia

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21
Q

4.0 WBC (5-10,000)
3.9 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
8 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
26 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
84 MCV (80-100)
31 MCH (27-31)
35 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

patient has RA

A

low RBC, Hct, HGB= anemia
normal MCV, MCH, MCHC= normocytic normochromic

ACD

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22
Q

4.0 WBC (5-10,000)
3.9 RBC (4.5-6.0) (4.0-5.5)
8 HGB (13-18) (11-16)
26 Hct (42-52) (37-47)
84 MCV (80-100)
31 MCH (27-31)
35 MCHC (32-36)
normal Platelets

has been complaining of blood in his stools for the past couple of days

A

low RBC, Hgb, Hct= anemia
normal MCV, MCH, MCHC= normocytic normochromic

acute blood loss anemia

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23
Q

lab findings for polycythemia

A

increased RBC, MCH, MCHC
normocytic normochromic
macrocytic hypochromic

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24
Q

polylcythemia vera is due to?

A

splenomegaly, overproduction of erythrocytes

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25
Q

secondary polycythemia is due to?

A 
hypoxia
polycystic kidney
renal carcinoma
chromic GMN
chronic liver disease
anabolic steroids
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26
Q

relative polycythemia is due to?

A

dehydration

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27
Q

schilling shift/shift to the left

A

increased bands

associated with bacterial infections

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28
Q 
WBC 4.8
segs (50-70) 30
bands (0-6)
lymphs (20-40) 50
mono (2-10) 2
eosin (3-6) 2
baso (0-1)
atyplymph 16
meta
myelo
pros myelo
blasts

19 years old
sore throat
swollen lymph nodes in neck

A 
WBC count= low
neutropenia
lymphocytosis
more lymphs than segs= inverted ratio
atypical lymphocytes= viral infection

early mono

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29
Q 
WBC 4.8
segs (50-70) 30
bands (0-6)
lymphs (20-40) 50
mono (2-10) 2
eosin (3-6) 2
baso (0-1)
atyplymph 16
meta
myelo
pros myelo
blasts

23 years old
fever, coughing, fatigued

A 
WBC count= low
neutropenia
lymphocytosis
more lymphs than segs= inverted ratio
atypical lymphocytes= viral infection

viral pneumonia

30
Q 
WBC 14
segs (50-70) 35
bands (0-6)
lymphs (20-40) 55
mono (2-10) 
eosin (3-6) 
baso (0-1)
atyplymph 10
meta
myelo
pros myelo
blasts

fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes of the neck

A

WBCs: bacterial
lymphs and atypical lymphs: viral
inverted ratio: viral

mono

31
Q

19 year olds patient presents with fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes in their neck. Their CBC reveals a decreased segs, increased lymphocytes, presents of atypical lymphocytes. A total WBC count of 16 and positive monospot test. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

late mono

32
Q

Johnny from the island of Crete, has the following CBC results: normal RBC, low Hgb, low Hct, low MCV and a biochemical profile reveals elevated TIBC. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

microcytic anemia

IDA

33
Q

Johnny from the island of Crete reports some blood in his stool. he has the following CBC results: normal RBC, low Hgb, low Hct, low MCV and a biochemical profile reveals normal TIBC. What is the most likely diangosis?

A

thalassemia

34
Q

Your patietn is anemic (microcytic) and has RA and has reported that they had blood in their stool this morning. Their iron parameters reveal a decreased TIBC. Which Dx is most likely?

A

ACD

35
Q

Your patient is from Italy and has blood in their stool and they are anemic. Their MCV is elevated. What is the most likely Dx?

A

macrocytic anemia

36
Q

Your patient has a “hair on end” skull xray. CBC results: decreased RBC, Hgb, normal MCV. what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

normocytic anemia

thalassemia

37
Q 
WBC 80
segs (50-70) 10
bands (0-6) 10
lymphs (20-40) 2
mono (2-10) 
eosin (3-6) 
baso (0-1)
atyplymph 10
meta
myelo
pros myelo 40
blasts 38
A

acute myelocytic leukemia

38
Q 
WBC 80
segs (50-70) 10
bands (0-6) 10
lymphs (20-40) 2
mono (2-10) 
eosin (3-6) 
baso (0-1)
atyplymph 10
meta
myelo
EO-promyelocytes 40
EO-myeloblasts 38
A

acute eosinophilic leukemia

39
Q 
WBC 80
segs (50-70) 10
bands (0-6) 10
lymphs (20-40) 2
mono (2-10) 
eosin (3-6) 
baso (0-1)
atyplymph 10
meta
myelo
B-promyelo 40
B-blasts 38
A

acute basophilic leukemia

40
Q 
WBC 80
segs (50-70) 10
bands (0-6) 10
lymphs (20-40) 2
mono (2-10) 
eosin (3-6) 
baso (0-1)
atyplymph 10
meta
myelo
promonocytes 40
monoblasts 38
A

acute monocytic leukemia

41
Q 
WBC 80
segs (50-70) 10
bands (0-6)
lymphs (20-40) 10
mono (2-10) 
eosin (3-6) 
baso (0-1)
atyplymph
meta
myelo
pros myelo
L-blasts 80
A

ALL

42
Q 
WBC 60
segs (50-70) 20
bands (0-6) 30
lymphs (20-40) 10
mono (2-10) 
eosin (3-6) 
baso (0-1)
atyplymph
meta 30
myelo 10
pros myelo
blasts
A

CML

43
Q 
WBC 60
segs (50-70) 20
bands (0-6) 30
lymphs (20-40) 10
mono (2-10) 
eosin (3-6) 
baso (0-1)
atyplymph
meta 30
myelo 10
pros myelo
blasts
A

CML

44
Q 
WBC 60
segs (50-70) 20
bands (0-6) 30
lymphs (20-40) 10
mono (2-10) 
eosin (3-6) 
baso (0-1)
atyplymph
Eo-meta 30
Eo-myelo 10
pros myelo
blasts
A

chronic eosinophilic leukemia

45
Q 
WBC 60
segs (50-70) 20
bands (0-6) 30
lymphs (20-40) 10
mono (2-10) 
eosin (3-6) 
baso (0-1)
atyplymph
B-meta 30
B-myelo 10
pros myelo
blasts
A

chronic basophilic leukemia

46
Q 
WBC 60
segs (50-70) 20
bands (0-6) 30
lymphs (20-40) 10
mono (2-10) 
eosin (3-6) 
baso (0-1)
atyplymph
meta 30
mature monocytes 10
pros myelo
blasts
A

CmoL

47
Q 
WBC 80
segs (50-70) 10
bands (0-6) 
lymphs (20-40) 90
mono (2-10) 
eosin (3-6) 
baso (0-1)
atyplymph
meta 
myelo
pros myelo
blasts
A

CLL

48
Q 
WBC 38
segs (50-70) 50
bands (0-6) 30
lymphs (20-40) 20
mono (2-10) 
eosin (3-6) 
baso (0-1)
atyplymph
meta
myelo
pros myelo
blasts
A

CML or neutrophilic leukemoid reaction

alkaline phosphatase, bone marrow biopsy, philadelphia chromosome

49
Q 
WBC 38
segs (50-70) 20
bands (0-6) 30
lymphs (20-40) 40
mono (2-10) 
eosin (3-6) 
baso (0-1)
atyplymph
meta 
myelo
pros myelo
blasts
A

CLL or lymphocytic leukemoid reaction

bone marrow biopsy

50
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma

A

stage I, II, III, IV

reed sternberg cells

51
Q

be abe to label on an AP chest radiograph

A 
aortic knob
right atrium
left ventricle
right main bronchus
left main bronchus
carina
trachea
aorta
right hilar point
left hilar point
aorto-pulmonary window
azygous fissure
azygous wein
52
Q

4Ts of anterior mediastinum

A

thymoma
teratoma
thyroid (goiter)
terrible lymphoma

53
Q

be able to label on lateral chest radiogrph

A 
aorta
right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle
inferior vena cava
retrosternal clear space
retrocardial clear space
54
Q

your patient’s UA results are as follows: yellow color, hazy, 7.2 pH, neg protein, neg bilirubin, 1.5 urobilinogen, positive occult blood, neg nitrites, 2 RBCs, 3WBCs, negatvie bacteria, a few epithelial cells

A

microhemoglobinuria

55
Q

your patient’s UA results are as follows: pink color, hazy, 7.2pH, neg protein, .5 urobilinogen, postivie occult blood, neg nitrites, 5 RBCs, 3 WBCs, negative bacteria, a few epithelial cells

A

hematuria

56
Q

23 year old female has the following UA results: yellow, slightly hazy, pH .7 urobilinogen, mod occult blood, neg nitrites, 1.020 SpG, 15 WBC, 15 RBC, 10 epithelial cells, occasional bacteria

A

LUTI

57
Q

27 year old male, low back, flank pain, and reports “frothy urine”. What does the patient need based on hisotry and clinical presentation?

A

UA

58
Q

27 year old patient’s UA results: pink, hazy, pH 5, +3 protein, large amounts occult blood, 1.028 SpG, 10 WBC, `100 RBC, 3 granular casts

A

hematuria/proteinuria from undetermined renal origin

59
Q

light yellow, clear, moderate occult blood, neg protein, neg nitrites, 1.010 SpG, 50 WBC, 8 RBC, 2 epithelial cells, +2 bacterial

A

cystitis

60
Q

25 year old female with LBP. UA: yellow, slightly hazy, pH 6, neg protein, 0.8 urobilinogen, 1.025 SpG, neg nitrites, 2 WBCs, 1 RBC, frequent epithelial cells, +2 bacterial

A

contamination

61
Q

9 year old femal UA results: yellow, hazy, negative proteins, pH of 8.2, positive nitrites, positive leukocyte esterase, SpG of 1.020, 30-40 WBC, 3 RBC, a few epithelial cells, +4 bacteria

A

cystitis

62
Q

yellow, hazy, +2 protein, pH of 8.2, positive nitrites, positive leukocyt esterase, SpG of 1.020, 30-40 WBC, 3 RBC, a few epithelial cells, +4 bacteria

A

UUTI

63
Q

dark yellow, hazy, 6.0pH, negative nitrites, +2 bilirubin, 2.3 urobilinogen, negative occult blood, neg nitrites, 3RVC, # WBC, slight amounts of mucous, a few epithelial cells, 1 granular cast

A

liver disease

64
Q

blah blah blah, 2 WBC casts

A

pyelonephritis

65
Q

blah, blah, blah 3 RBC casts

A

glomerulonephritis

66
Q

your patient has elevated bilirubin levels int eh blood and ruine. also, there is an absence of urobilinogen within the urine.

A

gallstone with complete obstruction

67
Q

dark yellow, hazy, pH 8.2, +leukocyte esterase, + nitrites, 1.020 SpG, TNTC WBC, 1 RBC, +3 bacteria

A

urethritis

68
Q

dark yellow, hazy, 8.2 pH, +1 protein, + occult blood, +nitrites, 4RBC, 15 WBC, +2 bacteria

A

UUTI

69
Q

dark yellow, slightly hazy, 7.2 pH, neg protein, .6 urobilinogen, neg occult blood, neg nirites, 3 RBC, 3WBC, +2 bacterai, large amount of epithelial cells, +mucous

A

contamination

70
Q

dark yellow, slightly hazy, 7.2 pH, neg protein, negative bilirubin, 1.6 urobilinogen, positive occult blood, neg nitrites, 3 RBCs, 3 WBCs, negative bacteria, few epithelial cells

A

microhemoglobinuria

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