Blood 4 Flashcards
neutrophil function
combat pyogenic infections
eosinophils function
fight alltergies and parasitic infections
basobphil function
function is to fight hypersensitivity reactions, parasitis infections
lymphocyte function
fight viral infections (measles, rubella, cheickenpox, mono)
monocyte function
help neutrophils
what do basophils contain? why?
histamine, heparine, etc
for immediate hypersensitivity reactions
what do eosinophils contain?
proteolytic enzymes
where do we find eosinophils
mostly in tissues, not blood
what do neutrophils contain? why?
acid phosphatase
acid hydrolase
peroxidase
for phagocytic action
what are granulocytes?
cells that contain granules
what are the types of granulocytes?
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
leukocytosis
WBC count above 10,000
what is leukocytosis due to?
increase in one of the 5 types of WBCs
neutrophiic leukocytosis
neutrophilia
lymphocytic leukocytosis
lymphocytosis
eosinophilic leukocytosis
eosinophilia
monocytic leukocysosis
monocytosis
basophilic leukocytosis
basophilia
leukocytosis >10,000 can be due to?
infection inflammation tissue necrosis stress strenuous eercise corticosteroids, lithium, beta agonists trauma (splenctomy) leukemoid reactions leukemia
leukopenia <5,000 can be due to?
virus overwhelming bacterial infections bone marrow disorders antimetabolites barbituates antibiotics anticonvulsants antithyroid drugs arsenicals antineoplastics cardiovascular drugs diuretics analgesics anti-inflammatory drugs heavy metal intoxication
WBCs
form the first line of defense of the body from invading microorganisms
what is the difference between RBCs and WBCs?
WBCs have a nucleus
what are the types of nongranulocytes?
lymphocytes
monocytes
leukopoiesis
process by which WBCs differeniate and proliferate
development of leukocytes occurs primarily in?
bone marrow
lymphocytes can also develop in
how long does it take for granulocytes to be released into the peripheral blood?
14 days
neutrophils contain
acid phosphatase, acid hydrolase, peroxidase (essential from phagocytic action
eosinophils contain
contain proteolytic enzymes
function of eosinophils
allergy, drug reaction and parasites
where are eosinophils primarily?
tissue cells (not common in blood)
basophils contain
histamine, heparin, etc
what is the function of basophils?
immediate hypersensitivity reaction, parasitic reactions
neutrophil function
combat pyogenic infections
function of lymphocytes
function to fight viral infections (measles, rubella, chicken pox, mono)
monocytes function
help neutrophils
bacterial infections are generally _____than viral infections
worse
what will the tech do for WBC differentials?
stain the blood smear so a differential count can be done
count 100 cells to arrive at a differential
leukopenia
decreased WBCs
less than 5,000
leukopenia is seen with?
virus
drugs, overwhelming bacterial infections and debilitated states
antibiotic therapy
bone marrow failure
leukocytosis
increased WBCs
leukocytosis can be due to?
infection, inflammation, tissue necrosis, leukemoid reaction, leukemia, trauma, stress, etc
leukemoid reaction
mimics CML
greater than 20,000, less than 50,000
shift to the left is observed
leukemias are typically greater than..?
50,000
right shift indicates?
mature cells
left shift indicates?
more immature cells
increases in metamyelocytes, myelocytes, promyelocytes, blasts and bands
metamyelocytes mature into?
neutrophil bands, eosinophil bands, basophil bands
lymphocyte maturity steps
stem cells lymphoblast prolymphocyte large lymphocytes small lymphocyte
monocyte maturity steps
stem cell
monoblast
promonocyte
monocyte
what are other names for neutrophils?
segs
polymorphonuclear neutrophils
polys
neutrophilia
increase in neutrphils usually
neutrophilia is due to?
bacterial infections, may also be due to inflammation, tissue destruction may also be increased after severe exercise, stress and hypoxia, myelogenous leukemia, neutrophilic leukemoid reactions
may be due to some parasitic, fungal and some viral infections
neutropenia
decrease in neutrophils overwhelming bacterial infections and viral infections
toxic granules (granulation)
seen with infections, burns, malignancy and chemical poisoning
toxic vacuoles are seen with
septicemia, severe infections and toxic states, sign of degeneration
hypersegmented neutrophils are seen with?
megaloblastic anemia
16 WBCs indicates
leukocytosis in reaction to infection/inflammation
78 segs indicate
neutrophilia likely in response to bacteria
10 bands indicate
shift to the left
12 lymphs indicate
lymphopenia
bands/stab cells are
non functional
mature neutrophils + immature bands=?
shift to the left seen with infection/inflammation
types of lymphocytes
B and T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
tag foreign bodies and antibody production
T lymphocytes
kill foreign bodies
migrate to the thymus to proliferate T helper and T suppressor cells
migrate to lymphoid tissue and represent the majority of lymphoid cells
where do lymphocyte precursors mature?
bone marrow
types of T cells
helper T cells NK T cells suppressor T cell cytotoxic T cell memory T cell regulatory T cell gamma delta T cell
where do B lymphocytes mature?
bone marrow, then released to lymph nodes, spleen, lymphoid tissue
final maturation of B lymphocytes are?
plasma cells
B lymphocytes have what kind of immunity?
humoral immunity and antibody production in response to antigen
T lymphocytes have what kind of immunity?
cellular immunity, tumor supression, protect from intracelular organisms
