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Vis Dis > Blood 4 > Flashcards

Blood 4 Flashcards

1
Q

neutrophil function

A

combat pyogenic infections

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2
Q

eosinophils function

A

fight alltergies and parasitic infections

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3
Q

basobphil function

A

function is to fight hypersensitivity reactions, parasitis infections

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4
Q

lymphocyte function

A

fight viral infections (measles, rubella, cheickenpox, mono)

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5
Q

monocyte function

A

help neutrophils

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6
Q

what do basophils contain? why?

A

histamine, heparine, etc

for immediate hypersensitivity reactions

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7
Q

what do eosinophils contain?

A

proteolytic enzymes

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8
Q

where do we find eosinophils

A

mostly in tissues, not blood

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9
Q

what do neutrophils contain? why?

A

acid phosphatase
acid hydrolase
peroxidase
for phagocytic action

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10
Q

what are granulocytes?

A

cells that contain granules

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11
Q

what are the types of granulocytes?

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

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12
Q

leukocytosis

A

WBC count above 10,000

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13
Q

what is leukocytosis due to?

A

increase in one of the 5 types of WBCs

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14
Q

neutrophiic leukocytosis

A

neutrophilia

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15
Q

lymphocytic leukocytosis

A

lymphocytosis

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16
Q

eosinophilic leukocytosis

A

eosinophilia

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17
Q

monocytic leukocysosis

A

monocytosis

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18
Q

basophilic leukocytosis

A

basophilia

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19
Q

leukocytosis >10,000 can be due to?

A 
infection
inflammation
tissue necrosis
stress
strenuous eercise
corticosteroids, lithium, beta agonists
trauma (splenctomy)
leukemoid reactions
leukemia
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20
Q

leukopenia <5,000 can be due to?

A 
virus
overwhelming bacterial infections
bone marrow disorders
antimetabolites
barbituates
antibiotics
anticonvulsants
antithyroid drugs
arsenicals
antineoplastics
cardiovascular drugs
diuretics
analgesics
anti-inflammatory drugs
heavy metal intoxication
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21
Q

WBCs

A

form the first line of defense of the body from invading microorganisms

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22
Q

what is the difference between RBCs and WBCs?

A

WBCs have a nucleus

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23
Q

what are the types of nongranulocytes?

A

lymphocytes

monocytes

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24
Q

leukopoiesis

A

process by which WBCs differeniate and proliferate

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25
Q

development of leukocytes occurs primarily in?

A

bone marrow

lymphocytes can also develop in

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26
Q

how long does it take for granulocytes to be released into the peripheral blood?

A

14 days

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27
Q

neutrophils contain

A

acid phosphatase, acid hydrolase, peroxidase (essential from phagocytic action

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28
Q

eosinophils contain

A

contain proteolytic enzymes

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29
Q

function of eosinophils

A

allergy, drug reaction and parasites

30
Q

where are eosinophils primarily?

A

tissue cells (not common in blood)

31
Q

basophils contain

A

histamine, heparin, etc

32
Q

what is the function of basophils?

A

immediate hypersensitivity reaction, parasitic reactions

33
Q

neutrophil function

A

combat pyogenic infections

34
Q

function of lymphocytes

A

function to fight viral infections (measles, rubella, chicken pox, mono)

35
Q

monocytes function

A

help neutrophils

36
Q

bacterial infections are generally _____than viral infections

A

worse

37
Q

what will the tech do for WBC differentials?

A

stain the blood smear so a differential count can be done

count 100 cells to arrive at a differential

38
Q

leukopenia

A

decreased WBCs

less than 5,000

39
Q

leukopenia is seen with?

A

virus
drugs, overwhelming bacterial infections and debilitated states
antibiotic therapy
bone marrow failure

40
Q

leukocytosis

A

increased WBCs

41
Q

leukocytosis can be due to?

A

infection, inflammation, tissue necrosis, leukemoid reaction, leukemia, trauma, stress, etc

42
Q

leukemoid reaction

A

mimics CML
greater than 20,000, less than 50,000
shift to the left is observed

43
Q

leukemias are typically greater than..?

A

50,000

44
Q

right shift indicates?

A

mature cells

45
Q

left shift indicates?

A

more immature cells

increases in metamyelocytes, myelocytes, promyelocytes, blasts and bands

46
Q

metamyelocytes mature into?

A

neutrophil bands, eosinophil bands, basophil bands

47
Q

lymphocyte maturity steps

A 
stem cells
lymphoblast
prolymphocyte
large lymphocytes
small lymphocyte
48
Q

monocyte maturity steps

A

stem cell
monoblast
promonocyte
monocyte

49
Q

what are other names for neutrophils?

A

segs
polymorphonuclear neutrophils
polys

50
Q

neutrophilia

A

increase in neutrphils usually

51
Q

neutrophilia is due to?

A

bacterial infections, may also be due to inflammation, tissue destruction may also be increased after severe exercise, stress and hypoxia, myelogenous leukemia, neutrophilic leukemoid reactions
may be due to some parasitic, fungal and some viral infections

52
Q

neutropenia

A

decrease in neutrophils overwhelming bacterial infections and viral infections

53
Q

toxic granules (granulation)

A

seen with infections, burns, malignancy and chemical poisoning

54
Q

toxic vacuoles are seen with

A

septicemia, severe infections and toxic states, sign of degeneration

55
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils are seen with?

A

megaloblastic anemia

56
Q

16 WBCs indicates

A

leukocytosis in reaction to infection/inflammation

57
Q

78 segs indicate

A

neutrophilia likely in response to bacteria

58
Q

10 bands indicate

A

shift to the left

59
Q

12 lymphs indicate

A

lymphopenia

60
Q

bands/stab cells are

A

non functional

61
Q

mature neutrophils + immature bands=?

A

shift to the left seen with infection/inflammation

62
Q

types of lymphocytes

A

B and T lymphocytes

63
Q

B lymphocytes

A

tag foreign bodies and antibody production

64
Q

T lymphocytes

A

kill foreign bodies
migrate to the thymus to proliferate T helper and T suppressor cells
migrate to lymphoid tissue and represent the majority of lymphoid cells

65
Q

where do lymphocyte precursors mature?

A

bone marrow

66
Q

types of T cells

A 
helper T cells
NK T cells
suppressor T cell
cytotoxic T cell
memory T cell
regulatory T cell
gamma delta T cell
67
Q

where do B lymphocytes mature?

A

bone marrow, then released to lymph nodes, spleen, lymphoid tissue

68
Q

final maturation of B lymphocytes are?

A

plasma cells

69
Q

B lymphocytes have what kind of immunity?

A

humoral immunity and antibody production in response to antigen

70
Q

T lymphocytes have what kind of immunity?

A

cellular immunity, tumor supression, protect from intracelular organisms

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