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Blood Cancers 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What types of blood cancers are most prevalent in the 7th, 8th and 9th decades of life?

A

CLL
AML
CML

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2
Q

0-5 WBCs

A

leukopenia

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3
Q

5-10 WBCs

A

normal

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4
Q

10-infinity WBCs

A

leukocytosis

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5
Q

10-18 WBCs

A

typical infection/inflammation

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6
Q

18-20 WBCs

A

some infections (hot abdomen)

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7
Q

20-50 WBCs

A

leukemoid reactions/leukemia

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8
Q

50+ WBCs

A

leukemia

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9
Q

define leukemia

A

unregulated accumulation of immature cells in the marrow and lymph tissue

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10
Q

what kind of shift does leukemia demonstrate?

A

left shift (increased immature cells)

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11
Q

generalized signs/symptoms of leukemia

A

weakness, fatigue, weight loss

bleeding from any orifice, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, back pain, lymphadenopathy, symptoms similar to infection

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12
Q

what is the biggest difference between actue and chronic luekemia?

A

acute has blasts and pros

chronic does not

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13
Q

what specific types of cells are involved in actue leukemia?

A

stem cell
myeloblast
promyelocytes

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14
Q

what specific tyes of cells are involved in chronic leukemia?

A 
myelocytes
metamyelocytes
bands
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
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15
Q

AML demonstrates proliferation of?

A

myeloblasts

promyelocytes

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16
Q

ALL demonstrates proliferation of

A

lymphoblasts

prolymphocytes

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17
Q

S/S of acute leukemia

A 
abnormal bleeding
easy bruising
multiple joint pain
progressive pallow and weakness
swollen lymph nodes
low grade fever
hepatosplenomegaly
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18
Q

why is there hepatosplenomegaly with acute leukemia?

A

immature cells are non functional and the body gets rid of them

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19
Q

S/S of chronic leukemia

A

similar to acute but they develop over months

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20
Q

CML demonstrates proliferation of?

A

myelocytes
metamyelocytes
neutrophils
bands

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21
Q

CLL demonstrates proliferation of?

A

small mature lymphocytes

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22
Q

acute leukemia without remission is usually fatal within?

A

3 minths

23
Q

chronic leukemia without remission will survive?

A

for years

24
Q

what do patients need if suspicious or diagnostic cells are found on CBC?

A

bone marrow biopsy

lymph node biopsy

25
Q

leukemia should be cassified into?

A

lymphocytic

non-lymphocytic (myelocytiic)

26
Q

non-lymphocytic leukemia can be further divided by?

A

cell type (neutorphils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes

27
Q

who is AML most common in?

A

middle and later years (slightly higher in males)

28
Q

what is the most common acute leukemia in the first few months of life?

A

AML

29
Q

what will you see in a CBC in AML?

A

increase in primitive cells (myeloblasts, promyelocytes, monoblasts, promonocytes)
predominantly neutrophilic involvement

30
Q

what are the types of AML?

A

acute monocytic
acute eosinophilic
acute basophilic
acute stem cell

31
Q

what cell should you assume is the culprit in AML unless proven otherwise?

A

neutrophils

32
Q 
WBC 80
segs (50-70) 10
bands (0-6) 10
lymphs 20-40) 2
pros myelo 40
myeloblasts 38
A

80 WBCs (leukemia)
pros and blasts (acute)
major cell type- myelocyte (myelocytic)
AML

33
Q 
WBC 80
segs (50-70) 10
bands (0-6) 10
lymphs 20-40) 2
EO-promyelocytes 40
EO-myeloblasts 38
A

80 WBC (leukemia)
pros and blasts (acute)
major cell type (eosinophils)
Acute eosinophilic leukemia (AEL)

34
Q 
WBC 80
segs (50-70) 10
bands (0-6) 10
lymphs 20-40) 2
B-promyelocytes 40
B-myeloblasts 38
A

80 WBC (leukemia)
blasts and pros (acute)
major cell type (basophils)
acute basophilic leukemia (ABL)

35
Q 
WBC 80
segs (50-70) 10
bands (0-6) 10
lymphs 20-40) 2
promonocytes 40 
monoblasts 38
A

80 WBC (leukemia)
pros and blasts *acute)
major cell type (monocyte)
acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL)

36
Q

ALL is characterised y a large number of?

A

lymphoblasts (L-blasts) and prolymphocytes (L-pros)

37
Q

what age group is ALL usuallyin?

A

patietns less than 20

38
Q

S/S of ALL

A 
rapid onset
fatigue
fever
bleeding
infection
lymphdenopathy
hepatosplenomegaly
39
Q

WBC 60
segs (50-70) 10
lymphs (20-40) 10
L blasts 80

A

60 WBC (leukemia)
blasts (acute)
major cell type (lymphocytes)
acute lymphocytic leukeima (ALL)

40
Q

radiolucent submetaphyseal band
knee pain
3 years old
DDX?

A

leukemia
neuroblastoma
scurvy
syphilis

41
Q

what xray findings indicate scurvy more?

A

Pelken’s spur
ring epiphysis
dense zone of provisional calcification (white line of frankel)
scorbutic zone (trummerfeld’s zone)

42
Q

CML S/S

A 
gradual onset with hepatosplenomegaly
abdominal discomfort
weight loss
anemia
weakness
fatigue
easy bruising
bleeding
lymphadenopathy
anemia
43
Q

describe the chromosomal part of CML

A

low alkaline phosphatase levels

philadelphia chromosome involved in 90% of CML patietns

44
Q

whoch is worse, CML or CLL?

A

CML

45
Q 
WBC 60
segs (50-70) 20
bands (0-6) 30
lymphs 20-40) 10
meta 30
myelo 10
A

WBC 60 (leukemia)
segs decreased, bands high, lymph decreased
meta and myelo (chronic)
chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)

46
Q

types of CML

A

CEL (eo-myelo, eo meta)
CBL (b myelo, b meta)
CMoL (excessive mature monocytes)

47
Q

a patient with CML went into remossion, but then a couple years later she gets sick with a 104 temp, and the CBC says 80 WBCs, 40% blasts, what does that mean?

A

her CML became acute and she is going into a BLAST crisis

48
Q

what does CLL result from?

A

proliferation of long lived non functional lymphocytes

49
Q

how are most people with CLL diagnosed?

A

from routine peripheral blood studies

50
Q

S/S of CLL

A 
insidious onset
lymphadenopathy
hepatosplenomegaly
fatigure
weight loss
abdominal fullness
may be anemic
51
Q

lab results of CLL

A

high white count predominantely lymphocytosis, anemia
thrombocytopenia
granulocytopenia

52
Q

describe other problems with CLL

A

lymphocytic infiltration of bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen and other organs
increased susceptiblility to infections

53
Q

WBC 80
segs (50-70) 10
lymphs (20-40) 90

A

80 (leukemia)
no blasts or pros (chronic)
predominant cell type= lymphocytes
CLL

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