Serology 2 Flashcards
lyme disease organism
spirochete
borrelia burgdorferi
what are early symptoms of lyme disease
fever headache fatigue depression erythema migrans
what are late symptoms of lyme disease if not treated?
joint heart CNS articular ocular problems
what are the tests for lyme disease?
sensitive ELISA test
if positive or equicocal then
Western blot
what could the ELISA test be falsely positive for?
various autoimmune disorders (Rh arthritis), mono, AIDS, chronic nephritis
strepcococcal bacteria are gram___ organisms
positive
streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for?
rheumatic fever
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
pharyngitis
antistreptolysin O titer (ASOT)
measures antibodies produced against extracellular toxins, increased titer indicates recent or current infection
what infections should an increased antistreptolysin O titer test indicate?
glomerulonephritis
rheumatic fever
bacterial endocarditis
scarlet fever
streptolysin O can do what?
lyse RBCs
ASO
neutralizing antibody
appears 1 week to 1 monoth after onset of a streptococcal infection
ASOT is helpful in determining?
poststreptococcal disease was due to a previous strep infection
infectious mononucleosis
self limiting systemic disorder lymphoproliferative condition occuring in early childhood and young adults
IM is caused by?
epstein barr virus
IM has an incubation period of?
10-50 days
lasting about 1-4 weeks after fully developed
s/s of IM
fever pharyngitis lymphadenopathy, extreme fatigue malaise hepatitis jaundic hepatosplenomegaly
labratory diagnosis of IM
usually accomplished by noting lymphocytosis and atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood
what is the test for IM?
monospot
heterophil Ab screening test
rubella is also called?
german measles
rubella is caused by?
RNA virus of the togavirus family
how does rubella spread?
respiratory secretions
rubella is devastating to?
fetuses in the 1st trimester
what can happen if a pregnant woman is infected with rubella?
child can be born with congenital rubella syndrome
spontaneous abortion
what must you do if a pregnant women has rubella?
determine the immune status of the pregnant woman
what test is used to detect rubella?
ELISA
what does it mean if the rubella test is positive?
that’s good because the mother has previously been exposed and immune
what typically happens after the primary infection of HIV?
asymptomatic period in which significant immune damage is being done particularly to the lymph nodes
tertiary stage of syphilis
3-10 years post infection and are soft gummas
may be asymptomatic or have CNS involvement
Charcot’s joints
the nontreponemal test in the tertiary stage of syphilis is?
may be negative
when does HIV turn into AIDS?
when the CD4 count drops below 200
viral load
tests measure the amount of HIV in the blood.
lower levels are better
how rapidly HIV is progressing
CD4 count
how well the immune system is functioning
AIDS is commonly associated with?
opportunistic infections and malignancies
first clinical symptoms in HIV patients
night sweats fever lymphadenopathy fatigue extreme weight loss diarrhea opportunistic infections malignancies
what do you use to test for HIV?
ELISA test
if positive, do again
then do western blot
western blot
confirmatory test for HIV
rapid tests should be?
FDA approved
home access express HIV1
the patient collects a few blood drops from a fingerstick, and mails the sample to a labratory; results are counseling are obtained over the phone
rheumatod types
seropositive
-HLA B27
rheumatoid variants
seronegative
+HLA B27
rheumatoid types
RA
SLE
scleroderma
jaccoud’s
rheumatoid variants
AS
psoriatic arthritis
reither’s disase
enteropathic arthritis
ANA
used to diagnose SLE
tests for RF factor are directed toward?
identification of the IgM antibodies
to be considered positive RF must be found in?
titers greater than 1:80
if the RF is less than 1:80, what other diseases must be considered?
SLE
scleroderma
other autoimmune diseasees
does a negative RF exclude RA from the diagnosis?
no
people with rheumatoid need to have 4 or more of the following to be diagnosed with RA
morning stiffness for at least 6 weeks
pain on joint motion for at least 6 weeks
swelling of at least 1 joint for at least 6 weeks
swelling in at least 1 other joint for more than 6 weks
bilateral symmetrical joint swelling
subcutaneous nodules
radiographic changes
presence of ANA detects?
collagen and autoimmune disorders SLE scleroderma mixed CT disease Sjogren's syndrome RA
ANA is..
sensitive but not specific
as disease becomes less active what happens to the ANAtiter levels?
they fall
