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Vis Dis > Serology 2 > Flashcards

Serology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

lyme disease organism

A

spirochete

borrelia burgdorferi

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2
Q

what are early symptoms of lyme disease

A 
fever
headache
fatigue
depression
erythema migrans
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3
Q

what are late symptoms of lyme disease if not treated?

A 
joint
heart
CNS
articular
ocular problems
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4
Q

what are the tests for lyme disease?

A

sensitive ELISA test
if positive or equicocal then
Western blot

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5
Q

what could the ELISA test be falsely positive for?

A

various autoimmune disorders (Rh arthritis), mono, AIDS, chronic nephritis

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6
Q

strepcococcal bacteria are gram___ organisms

A

positive

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7
Q

streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for?

A

rheumatic fever
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
pharyngitis

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8
Q

antistreptolysin O titer (ASOT)

A

measures antibodies produced against extracellular toxins, increased titer indicates recent or current infection

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9
Q

what infections should an increased antistreptolysin O titer test indicate?

A

glomerulonephritis
rheumatic fever
bacterial endocarditis
scarlet fever

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10
Q

streptolysin O can do what?

A

lyse RBCs

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11
Q

ASO

A

neutralizing antibody

appears 1 week to 1 monoth after onset of a streptococcal infection

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12
Q

ASOT is helpful in determining?

A

poststreptococcal disease was due to a previous strep infection

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13
Q

infectious mononucleosis

A

self limiting systemic disorder lymphoproliferative condition occuring in early childhood and young adults

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14
Q

IM is caused by?

A

epstein barr virus

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15
Q

IM has an incubation period of?

A

10-50 days

lasting about 1-4 weeks after fully developed

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16
Q

s/s of IM

A 
fever
pharyngitis
lymphadenopathy, extreme fatigue
malaise
hepatitis
jaundic
hepatosplenomegaly
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17
Q

labratory diagnosis of IM

A

usually accomplished by noting lymphocytosis and atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood

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18
Q

what is the test for IM?

A

monospot

heterophil Ab screening test

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19
Q

rubella is also called?

A

german measles

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20
Q

rubella is caused by?

A

RNA virus of the togavirus family

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21
Q

how does rubella spread?

A

respiratory secretions

22
Q

rubella is devastating to?

A

fetuses in the 1st trimester

23
Q

what can happen if a pregnant woman is infected with rubella?

A

child can be born with congenital rubella syndrome

spontaneous abortion

24
Q

what must you do if a pregnant women has rubella?

A

determine the immune status of the pregnant woman

25
Q

what test is used to detect rubella?

A

ELISA

26
Q

what does it mean if the rubella test is positive?

A

that’s good because the mother has previously been exposed and immune

27
Q

what typically happens after the primary infection of HIV?

A

asymptomatic period in which significant immune damage is being done particularly to the lymph nodes

28
Q

tertiary stage of syphilis

A

3-10 years post infection and are soft gummas
may be asymptomatic or have CNS involvement
Charcot’s joints

29
Q

the nontreponemal test in the tertiary stage of syphilis is?

A

may be negative

30
Q

when does HIV turn into AIDS?

A

when the CD4 count drops below 200

31
Q

viral load

A

tests measure the amount of HIV in the blood.
lower levels are better
how rapidly HIV is progressing

32
Q

CD4 count

A

how well the immune system is functioning

33
Q

AIDS is commonly associated with?

A

opportunistic infections and malignancies

34
Q

first clinical symptoms in HIV patients

A 
night sweats
fever
lymphadenopathy
fatigue
extreme weight loss
diarrhea
opportunistic infections
malignancies
35
Q

what do you use to test for HIV?

A

ELISA test
if positive, do again
then do western blot

36
Q

western blot

A

confirmatory test for HIV

37
Q

rapid tests should be?

A

FDA approved

38
Q

home access express HIV1

A

the patient collects a few blood drops from a fingerstick, and mails the sample to a labratory; results are counseling are obtained over the phone

39
Q

rheumatod types

A

seropositive

-HLA B27

40
Q

rheumatoid variants

A

seronegative

+HLA B27

41
Q

rheumatoid types

A

RA
SLE
scleroderma
jaccoud’s

42
Q

rheumatoid variants

A

AS
psoriatic arthritis
reither’s disase
enteropathic arthritis

43
Q

ANA

A

used to diagnose SLE

44
Q

tests for RF factor are directed toward?

A

identification of the IgM antibodies

45
Q

to be considered positive RF must be found in?

A

titers greater than 1:80

46
Q

if the RF is less than 1:80, what other diseases must be considered?

A

SLE
scleroderma
other autoimmune diseasees

47
Q

does a negative RF exclude RA from the diagnosis?

A

no

48
Q

people with rheumatoid need to have 4 or more of the following to be diagnosed with RA

A

morning stiffness for at least 6 weeks
pain on joint motion for at least 6 weeks
swelling of at least 1 joint for at least 6 weeks
swelling in at least 1 other joint for more than 6 weks
bilateral symmetrical joint swelling
subcutaneous nodules
radiographic changes

49
Q

presence of ANA detects?

A 
collagen and autoimmune disorders
SLE
scleroderma
mixed CT disease
Sjogren's syndrome
RA
50
Q

ANA is..

A

sensitive but not specific

51
Q

as disease becomes less active what happens to the ANAtiter levels?

A

they fall

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