Serology 2

Question 1

lyme disease organism

Answer 1

spirochete

borrelia burgdorferi

Question 2

what are early symptoms of lyme disease

Answer 2

fever
headache
fatigue
depression
erythema migrans

Question 3

what are late symptoms of lyme disease if not treated?

Answer 3

joint
heart
CNS
articular
ocular problems

Question 4

what are the tests for lyme disease?

Answer 4

sensitive ELISA test
if positive or equicocal then
Western blot

Question 5

what could the ELISA test be falsely positive for?

Answer 5

various autoimmune disorders (Rh arthritis), mono, AIDS, chronic nephritis

Question 6

strepcococcal bacteria are gram___ organisms

Answer 6

positive

Question 7

streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for?

Answer 7

rheumatic fever
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
pharyngitis

Question 8

antistreptolysin O titer (ASOT)

Answer 8

measures antibodies produced against extracellular toxins, increased titer indicates recent or current infection

Question 9

what infections should an increased antistreptolysin O titer test indicate?

Answer 9

glomerulonephritis
rheumatic fever
bacterial endocarditis
scarlet fever

Question 10

streptolysin O can do what?

Answer 10

lyse RBCs

Question 11

ASO

Answer 11

neutralizing antibody

appears 1 week to 1 monoth after onset of a streptococcal infection

Question 12

ASOT is helpful in determining?

Answer 12

poststreptococcal disease was due to a previous strep infection

Question 13

infectious mononucleosis

Answer 13

self limiting systemic disorder lymphoproliferative condition occuring in early childhood and young adults

Question 14

IM is caused by?

Answer 14

epstein barr virus

Question 15

IM has an incubation period of?

Answer 15

10-50 days

lasting about 1-4 weeks after fully developed

Question 16

s/s of IM

Answer 16

fever
pharyngitis
lymphadenopathy, extreme fatigue
malaise
hepatitis
jaundic
hepatosplenomegaly

Question 17

labratory diagnosis of IM

Answer 17

usually accomplished by noting lymphocytosis and atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood

Question 18

what is the test for IM?

Answer 18

monospot

heterophil Ab screening test

Question 19

rubella is also called?

Answer 19

german measles

Question 20

rubella is caused by?

Answer 20

RNA virus of the togavirus family

Question 21

how does rubella spread?

Answer 21

respiratory secretions

Question 22

rubella is devastating to?

Answer 22

fetuses in the 1st trimester

Question 23

what can happen if a pregnant woman is infected with rubella?

Answer 23

child can be born with congenital rubella syndrome

spontaneous abortion

Question 24

what must you do if a pregnant women has rubella?

Answer 24

determine the immune status of the pregnant woman

Question 25

what test is used to detect rubella?

Answer 25

ELISA

Question 26

what does it mean if the rubella test is positive?

Answer 26

that's good because the mother has previously been exposed and immune

Question 27

what typically happens after the primary infection of HIV?

Answer 27

asymptomatic period in which significant immune damage is being done particularly to the lymph nodes

Question 28

tertiary stage of syphilis

Answer 28

3-10 years post infection and are soft gummas may be asymptomatic or have CNS involvement Charcot's joints

Question 29

the nontreponemal test in the tertiary stage of syphilis is?

Answer 29

may be negative

Question 30

when does HIV turn into AIDS?

Answer 30

when the CD4 count drops below 200

Question 31

viral load

Answer 31

tests measure the amount of HIV in the blood. lower levels are better how rapidly HIV is progressing

Question 32

CD4 count

Answer 32

how well the immune system is functioning

Question 33

AIDS is commonly associated with?

Answer 33

opportunistic infections and malignancies

Question 34

first clinical symptoms in HIV patients

Answer 34

``` night sweats fever lymphadenopathy fatigue extreme weight loss diarrhea opportunistic infections malignancies ```

Question 35

what do you use to test for HIV?

Answer 35

ELISA test if positive, do again then do western blot

Question 36

western blot

Answer 36

confirmatory test for HIV

Question 37

rapid tests should be?

Answer 37

FDA approved

Question 38

home access express HIV1

Answer 38

the patient collects a few blood drops from a fingerstick, and mails the sample to a labratory; results are counseling are obtained over the phone

Question 39

rheumatod types

Answer 39

seropositive | -HLA B27

Question 40

rheumatoid variants

Answer 40

seronegative | +HLA B27

Question 41

rheumatoid types

Answer 41

RA SLE scleroderma jaccoud's

Question 42

rheumatoid variants

Answer 42

AS psoriatic arthritis reither's disase enteropathic arthritis

Question 43

ANA

Answer 43

used to diagnose SLE

Question 44

tests for RF factor are directed toward?

Answer 44

identification of the IgM antibodies

Question 45

to be considered positive RF must be found in?

Answer 45

titers greater than 1:80

Question 46

if the RF is less than 1:80, what other diseases must be considered?

Answer 46

SLE scleroderma other autoimmune diseasees

Question 47

does a negative RF exclude RA from the diagnosis?

Answer 47

no

Question 48

people with rheumatoid need to have 4 or more of the following to be diagnosed with RA

Answer 48

morning stiffness for at least 6 weeks pain on joint motion for at least 6 weeks swelling of at least 1 joint for at least 6 weeks swelling in at least 1 other joint for more than 6 weks bilateral symmetrical joint swelling subcutaneous nodules radiographic changes

Question 49

presence of ANA detects?

Answer 49

``` collagen and autoimmune disorders SLE scleroderma mixed CT disease Sjogren's syndrome RA ```

Question 50

ANA is..

Answer 50

sensitive but not specific

Question 51

as disease becomes less active what happens to the ANAtiter levels?

Answer 51

they fall