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Blood 1 Flashcards

1
Q

postnatally, what are normally produced in the bone marrow?

A

erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes and platelets

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2
Q

explain how a platelet is formed

A

megakaryoblast
promegakaryocyte
platelets

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3
Q

explain how an erythrocyte is formed

A 
pronormoblast
basophilic normoblast
polychromatic normoblast
orthochromatic normoblast
reticulocyte
erythrocyte
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4
Q

describe RBC maturation process

A

hemoglobin synthesis is completed by the reticulocyte stage

it remains in bone marrow for 1-2 days to mature, then are released into circulation to mature for one more day

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5
Q

what does a CBC include?

A 
RBC
hemoglobin
hematocrit
RBC indices
WBCs
platelets
blood smear
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6
Q

hematocrit

A

packeddd cell count/packed cell volume

percentage of total blood bolume made up of RBCs

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7
Q

how do you get hematocrit?

A

spin blood to separate cells from plasma

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8
Q

when can hematocrit change?

A

during menses

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9
Q

H&H

A

hemoglobin and hematocrit

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10
Q

what are the parts of the blood that determine whether someone is anemic?

A

RBC
Hgb
Hct

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11
Q

MCV

A 
mean corpuscular volume
indicates size (average volume) of the RBC
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12
Q

what is the word for when MCV is normal?

A

normocytic

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13
Q

what is the word for when MCV is less than normal?

A

microcytic

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14
Q

what is the word for when MCV is more than normal?

A

macrocytic

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15
Q

blood indices?

A

MCV
MCH
MCHC

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16
Q

MCH

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin
measures average amount (weight) of total hemoglobin
indicates color of RBC

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17
Q

what is the word for when MCH is less than normal?

A

hyperchromic (polychromasia)

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18
Q

what is the word for when MCH is more than normal?

A

hypochromic

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19
Q

MCHC

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
measure of average concentration of percentage of hemoglobin within a single RBC
indicates color of RBC

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20
Q

what is theword for normal MCHC?

A

normochromic

21
Q

what is the word for less than normal MCHC

A

hypochromic

22
Q

what is theword for greater than normal MCHC?

A

hyperchromic

23
Q

anemia

A

defined as decreased RBCs and/or Hgb and/or Hct
congential or acquired
classified by cell size and color

24
Q

what is anemia an indication of?

A

an underlying disorder

25
Q

microcytic/hypochromic

A

decreased MCV and MCH/MCHC

26
Q

what is the most common type of anemia?

A

microcytic/hypochromic anemia

27
Q

normocytic normochromic anmeia

A

normal MCV and MCH/MCHC

28
Q

macrocytic normochromic or hyperchromic

A

increased MCB, normal or increased MCH/MCHC

29
Q

anemia indicates?

A

a decreased ability of oxygen carrying capacity: affects all tissues
may result in an attempt to compensate by increasing RBC production, increasing heart rate and respiration

30
Q

anemia is generally due to

A

decreased production
increased breakdown
blood loss

31
Q

anemia s/s are related to?

A

lowered hemoglobin concentration and blood volume resulting indecreased oxygen delivery to all tissues

32
Q

modifying factors for anemia?

A

adjustments to cardiac output, respiratory rate, oxygen affinity to hemoglobin

33
Q

low MCH and MCH

A

microcytic hypochromic

34
Q

normal MCH, MCH

A

normocytic normochromic

35
Q

high MCV normal MCH

A

macrocytic normochromic

36
Q 
WBC 7.1 (5-10,000)
RBC 4.2 (4-5.5)
HGB 9 (11-16)
Hct 25 (37-47)
MCV 75 (80-100)
MCH 24 (27-41)
MCHC 31 (32-36)
platelets 200 (150,000-450,000)
A

mycrocytic hypochromic anemia

37
Q

describe microcytic hypochromic anemia

A 
decreased MCV, MCH and MCHC
iron deficiency anemia
anemia of chronic disease
thalassemia
chronic blood loss
38
Q

describe macrocytic normochromic/hyperchromic anemia

A 
increased MCV
normal or increased MCH and MCHC
vitamin B12 deficiency
folic acid deficiency
alcoholism
liver disease
39
Q

describe normocytic normochromic anemia

A 
normal MCV, MCH and MCHC
anemia of chronic disease
acute blood loss
hemolytic anemia
aplastic anemia
40
Q

what are the storage forms for iron?

A

ferritin, hemosiderin

41
Q

how is iron transported by?

A

transferrin

42
Q

how is iron lost?

A

GI tract
menses
urine

43
Q

how much of iron is in the RBC line?

A

2/3

44
Q

describe blood loss anemia

A

site of bleeding is not always obvious (ulcers)
a common cause of heavy menstrual flow
occult bleeding sites are often GI

45
Q

what is the most common cause of anemia worldwide?

A

iron deficiency anemia (from GI blood
microcytic hypochromic anemia
usually due to chronic blood loss
dietary, decreased absorption, abnormal iron loss (menses) increased requirements (pregnancy, children)

46
Q

how much iron does the body store?

A

2-4 grams

47
Q

where is iron stored?

A

hemoglobin mostly

48
Q

what is normal iron loss?

A

1-2 mg/day

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