Test 2 Ch.3 Flashcards

1
Q

The signal measured by the ventilator that is associated with a specific breath

A

Phase variable

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2
Q

Begins inspiration

A

trigger variable

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3
Q

Limits the value of pressure, volume , flow or time duration inspiration

A

limit variable

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4
Q

Ends inspiration

A

cycle variable

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5
Q

Volume triggered

A
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6
Q

Establishes the baseline during expiration before inspiration is triggered

A

baseline variable

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7
Q

The mechanism the ventilator uses to begin inspiration is the

A

triggering mechanism

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8
Q

Delivers a mandatory breath after a set Time has elapsed

A

Time triggering

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9
Q

The set time is based on the

A

total cycle time (TCT)

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10
Q

What is the equation for TCT (I:E)

A

TCT= TI+TE

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11
Q

The pt can trigger the machine based on pressure, flow, or volume changes

A

Patient triggering

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12
Q

Occurs when the ventilator detects a drop in flow through the circuit during exhalation

A

Flow triggering

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13
Q

Which triggers are most common?

A

pressure and flow

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14
Q

Occurs when the ventilator interprets a drop in volume as a patient effort

A

volume triggering

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15
Q

The sensitivity for pressure triggering is usually set to

A

-1 cm H20

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16
Q

The machine triggers a breath w/o the pt making an effort

A

auto-trigger

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17
Q

_______________ is timed from the beginning of inspiratory flow to the beginning of expiratory flow

A

Inspiration

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18
Q

The maximum value that a variable (pressure, volume, flow or time) can attain

A

limit variable

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19
Q

Allows pressure to rise to a certain value but not exceed it

A

pressure limiting

20
Q

When the ventilator reaches the high-pressure limit, excess pressure is

A

vented through a spring-loaded pressure release, or pop off valve

21
Q

Controlled by an electronically operated valve that measures the flow passing through the ventilator circuit during a specific interval _____________ limiting

A

volume limiting

22
Q

The clinician can set the volume of gas

A

the ventilator delivers

23
Q

If gas flow from the ventilator to the pt reaches but does not exceed a maximum value before the end of inspiration the ventilator is ________ limited

A

flow limited

24
Q

Is used to prevent excessive pressure from damaging a pt lungs ; safety mechanism

A

Maximum safety pressure

25
Typically set to value of 10cm H20 above the average peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)
Maximum safety pressure
26
Most adult ventilators pressure cycle (end inspiration) when set maximum safety pressure has been
reached; as if pt coughs or obstruction in Ventilatory tubing
27
Inspiration ends when a set pressure threshold is reached at the mouth or upper airway
Pressure- cycled ventilation
28
An advantage is that they limit peak airway pressures which may reduce the damage
that can occur when pressures are excessive
29
Designed to maintain air the lungs at the end of inspiration before the exhalation valve opens
Inflation Hold (Inspiratory Pause)
30
The pressure reading on the manometer peaks at the ______ of _______________ and then levels to a plateau (plateau pressure)
end of insufflation
31
The inflation hold maneuver is sometimes referred to as (3)
- inspiratory pause - end- inspiration pause - inspiratory hold
32
The period from the end inspiration to the beginning of the next breath
Expiratory phase
33
During MV expiration begins when inspiration ends the
expiratory valve opens and expiratory flow begins
34
If an adequate amount of time is not provided for exhalation...... Leading to a phenomenon called
air trapping and hyperinflation can occur; auto-PEEP or intrinsic PEEP
35
If auto-PEEP happens than you should
extend exhalation TIME
36
Current MVs have a mode that allows the clinician to control TI and expiratory time (TE)
Time- limited expiration
37
A maneuver transiently performed at the end of exhalation
Expiratory holder end expiratory pause
38
An accurate reading of end- expiratory pressure is impossible to obtain if a pt is
breathing spontaneously
39
Two methods of applying continuous pressure to the airways have been developed to improve oxygenation in pts with refractory hypoxemia
continuous postive airway pressure (CPAP) and PEEP
40
Application of continue pressure to the airways to improve oxygenation in pts w/ refractory hypoxemia
CPAP
41
Applying positive pressure to the airway throughout the respiratory cycle
PEEP
42
Two types of MV breaths can be described
spontaneous and mandatory breaths
43
Are initiated by the pt and volume delivery is determined by the pt
Spontaneous breaths
44
The volume and flow delivered are based on the pt demand rather than on a valve
set up by the ventilator operator
45
The ventilator determines the start time (time triggering ) or tidal volume (VT) or both
Mandatory breaths