Test 2 Ch. 4 Flashcards

1
Q

The inability to maintain either the normal delivery of o2 to the tissues or the normal removal of co2 from the tissues is defined as

A

Respiratory failure

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2
Q

What is the criteria for respiratory failure

A

PaCO2 > 50 mm Hg
PH < 7.25 and falling

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3
Q

What is another term for elevated PaCO2 results in uncompensated Respiratory acidosis

A

Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure

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4
Q

Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure akas

A

“pump failure” or “ventilatory failure”

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5
Q

Chronically elevated PaCO2 leads to

A

Acute ventilatory failure superimposed on chronic ventilatory failure

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6
Q

Ventilatory drive most commonly deminished by (5 diseases)

A

-Drug overdose
-Brainstem session
-Diseases of CNS (multiple sclerosis or Parkinson)
-Morbid obesity
-sleep apnea

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7
Q

Ventilatory failure may occur if

A

imposed workload cannot be overcome

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8
Q

increased WOB most commonly occurs secondary to

A

COPD
Asthma

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9
Q

Increased WOB can also be caused (3 disease)

A
  • Pneumothorax rib fractures
  • pleural effusion
  • hypermetabolic states such as burns
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10
Q

Over months and years acute respiratory failure will become

A

Chronic Respiratory Failure

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11
Q

What is another term for acute hypercapnia failure

A

Acute Ventilation failure, Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

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12
Q

PH- 7.31
Paco2- 70
Hco3- 25

A

acute hypercapnia failure

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13
Q

Indications for Ventilatory Support (3)

A
  • Constant therapy until underlying problem resolves
  • provide long term support for its w/ chronic ventilatory failure
  • support aimed at pt’s specific needs
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14
Q

Physiologic Indications for Vent support (5)

A
  • Inadequate alveolar ventilation
  • Inadequate lung expansion
  • Inadequate muscle strength
  • Increased WOB
  • Very severe Hypoxemia
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15
Q

_______________ ______________ is a common indication for intubation and MV

A

Refractory Hypoxemia

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16
Q

Not responding to oxygen

A

refractory hypoxemia

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17
Q

Hypoxemia and hypercapnia respiratory failure occur

A

simultaneously

18
Q

Elevated PaCO2 may or may not indicate for ventilatory support

A

Hypercapnia Respiratory failure

19
Q

PaCO2 > 50 w/ ph falling below 7.25 =

A

acute process probably requires ventilation

20
Q

PaCO2 > 50 w/ PH near normal =

A

chronic failure w/ renal compensation, probably does not require MV

21
Q

The trend of PaCO2 and PH is very

22
Q

Diminished b/s in young asthmatic is known as

A

ominous — not moving adequate air

23
Q

signs of worsening hypercapnia

A

Irritability, confusion, and coma

24
Q

Respiratory muscle fatigue presents

A
  • Tachypnea:cardinal sign of increased wob
  • Worsening fatigue rr starts failing bradypnea occurs & apnea
25
Full ventilatory failure ABG
hypercapnia w/ acidosis
26
The primary purpose of ventilation is to maintain
homeostasis
27
Mechanical ventilation is indicated when a person
cannot achieve an appropriate level of ventilation to maintain adequate gas exchange and acid- base balance
28
Hypoxemia respiratory failure is a result of
server v/q mix match
29
Test to asses respiratory muscle strength
Maximum Inspiration Pressure (MIP)
30
Is the lowest (most negative) pressure generated during a forceful inspiratory effort against an occluded airway
MIP (PImax)
31
Device that Measures MIP, assess muscle strength and weakness
pressure monometer
32
MIP normal and critical ranges
-100 to -50 -20 - 0
33
normal and critical ranges maximul expiratory pressure (MEP)
100 <40
34
Vital Capacity normal and critical ranges
65- 75 <10- 15
35
Respiratory frequency normal and critical ranges
12- 20 <5
36
Forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) normal and critical ranges
50-60 <10
37
Peak expiratory flow (PEF) normal and critical ranges
350- 600 75-100
38
_____________ _____ is the most common cause of respiratory failure muscle fatigue and failure to wean from MV
Excessive WOB
39
Pts with _____________ ___________ usually require intubation an mv
profound hypoxemia
40
Indications for intubation where NIV may be poorly tolerated (4)
- Upper airway obstruction - Inability to clear secretions and protect airway - Inability to achieve proper mask fit - Intolerance of the intervention