test 2 cervical Flashcards
How many joints in the cervical spine and what does this mean?
37… that it is highly mobile but not necessarily stable
What could scars on the anterior triangle indicate?
tuberculous adenitis
If the head is translated 3 inches anteriorly, approximately how much weight is being carried on the posterior structures of the cervical spine?
30 pounds
What level are these structures: hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, first cricoid ring
C3, C4/5, C6
What is the specific craniometric point on the external occipital protuberance?
Inion
What vertebral level is the carotid tubercle located?
C6
Which cervical segment is considered atypical?
C7
Average angle of zygapophyseal joints in the c spine
45 degrees
At which levels will you find uncovertebral joints and what type of joint are they?
C3-T1; saddle, diarthrodial
What contributes to the couple motion of the C spine?
uncovertebral joints and zygapophyseal joints
Most common location of pathology in the c spine?
C5/6; apex of lordosis, most mobile segment
What structures are structurally involved in the cervicothoracic junction?
C7, T1, T2, ribs 1 and 2, and the manubrium
ALL
anterior longitudinal ligament - runs anterior to vertebral bodies
PLL
posterior longitudinal ligament - runs on the anterior surface of the posterior bodies between the bodies and the cord
What nerve roots are responsible for innervating the trapezius?
C3 and C4 (spinal accessory nerve)
Torticollis
aka wry neck - damage to a unilateral SCM; causes rotation to the opposite side and flexion to the same side
What motions does the levator scapulae cause on the neck?
with the scapula stabilized, rotation and side bending of the neck to the same side; bilaterally, cervical extension
Which rhomboid has a slight association with neck movement?
Rhomboid minor
Clay shoveler’s fracture
Hyperflexion avulsion fracture of the spinous process of usually C7, C6, or T1; considered stable unless fracture goes into lamina
What could a swollen parotid gland indicated
Mumps
Where is C8 nerve root located?
Between C7 and T1
Which grading scale is used for muscle testing?
Oxford or Van Allen’s Scale
Which grading scale is used for reflexes?
Wexler’s Scale
Where is the C5 nerve root sensation tested?
lateral aspect of the arm over the deltoid
Jefferson fracture aka
Burst fracture; occurs with axial loads, such as diving into shallow water
Hangman’s fracture
disruption of the pars interarticularis of C2; blow on the head causing hyperextension producing fractures through the pedicles (traumatic spondylolisthesis of C2)
If a person cannot get themselves into position for a muscle test, what is the best grade they can receive on the grading scale?
3; against gravity, complete ROM evident
50% of cervical flexion is in which joint?
C0-C1
50% of cervical rotation is in which joint?
C1-C2
cervical lordosis developes from upright posture when child lifts head _____ months
3-4
curve allows ____ to be oriented forward and provides shock absorbing mechanism
head and eyes
if the head is 3” in front of the cog and estimate of ___ pounds of weight is produced in the structures of the c-spine
30
hyoid bone opposite of
C3
thyroid cartilage opposite of
C4/C5 vertebral body
carotid tubercle
C6
the superior facet of the contralateral side moves anterior and over the tip of the inferior articular face on the involved side
unilateral facet dislocation
results in placement of the intervertebral foramen anterior to the inferior facet
unilateral facet dislocation
there are __ z joints from c0-t1 and are covered with ____ cartilage
14, hyaline
extend from C3-T1
Uncovertebral joints
usually 10 saddle-shaped diarthodial articulation
Uncovertebral joints
uncinate process + lateral aspect of superior vertebrate, and the beveled inferior-lateral aspect of the superior vertebra
uncovertebral joints
uncovertebral joints and coupled rotation found by
wilmink and penning
most common area of pathology in C-spine
c5-c6
– In addition, the CTJ forms the\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_, through which the neurovascular structures of the upper extremities pass
thoracic
outlet
This ligament is narrower in the upper cervical spine but is wider in the lower cervical spine than it is in the thoracic region
ALL
This ligament is broader and considerably thicker in the cervical region than in the thoracic and lumbar regions
PLL
Most superficial back
muscle – Extends
from EOP to T12
Trapezius
The superior portion of
the _____ is frequently
stretched in flexion
injuries of the c spine such as motor vehicle collisions
trapezius
head
arcs posterior and the
flexor muscles contract
– which ligamentsinvolved?
Hyperextension, ALL
head rebounds anterior ,anterior structures compress and extensor muscles stretch which
ligaments involved?
Hyperflexion, PLL
Largest muscle in the anterior
neck
SCM
Motor supply is from the accessory nerve (CN IX), while the sensory innervation is supplied from the ventral rami of C 2 and C 3
SCM
Enlarged lymph nodes may
indicate infection from
respiratory tract and can cause
______
torticollis
Torticollis aka
Wry Neck
SCM muscle contraction causes
_____ of the head to the opposite
side and _____ of the neck to the
same side
rotation, flexion
levator scapula bilateral contraction=
neck extension
Dr. Harold Crowe
“Dynamic injuries to the spine cause a genuine pathological insult that causes prolonged distress and disability, often lasting for several years after the accident”.
________, with its attachment to the spinous processes of C 7 and T 1, has a slight association with the cervical spine
Rhomboid minor
_______, arising from the spinous processes of T 1 through T 5, is inactive during isolated head and neck movements
rhomboid major
if avulsion fracture not limited to
spinous process but extends into lamina, there is greater potential for_____ ____ injury
spinal cord
if in spasm, elevate the ribs and be implicated in the thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)
scalenes
Adaptive shortening of these muscles will affect the mobility of the upper cervical spine
scalenes
causes of TOS: result in compression of nerves, blood vessels or both
posture muscle tightness exercise trauma pregnancy being born with an extra rib (a cervical rib which is above the first rib).
symptoms of TOS (usually exacerbated by lifting arm above shoulder height)
- tingling or numbness in the fingers, hands, arm, shoulder or neck
- weakness of the hand or arm
- hand or arm swelling
- aching in the shoulder or neck
First ____ disc is between C2 and C3 and is named C2 disc
cervical
First nerve root exits between C0 and C1 and is named ______
C1 nerve root
Last nerve exits between C7 and T1 and is named ______
C8 nerve root
Jefferson fracture is AKA
Burst fracture
Burst fracture occurs in patients with
Down syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and other destructive processes
Asymmetric lateral bodies on odontoid view, increased predental space
Jefferson Fracture
Fracture of pars interarticularis of C2 & disruption of C2-C3 junction
Hangman’s Fracture
blowonthe forehead forcing the neck into extension is a classic MOI
hangman’s fracture
Clinical signs and symptoms of serious pathology include:
Unexplained weight loss
ROM – ___ of flexion + extension occurs between CO + C1
50%
___ of rotation occurs between C1 + C2
50%
Klippel – Feil Deformity
bodies of 2 or more vertebrae are fused
which key muscles? C 5 – C 6 – C 7 - C 8 - T 1 -
idk
