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VanPimping's Ortho lecture > test 2 cervical > Flashcards

test 2 cervical Flashcards

1
Q

How many joints in the cervical spine and what does this mean?

A

37… that it is highly mobile but not necessarily stable

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2
Q

What could scars on the anterior triangle indicate?

A

tuberculous adenitis

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3
Q

If the head is translated 3 inches anteriorly, approximately how much weight is being carried on the posterior structures of the cervical spine?

A

30 pounds

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4
Q

What level are these structures: hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, first cricoid ring

A

C3, C4/5, C6

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5
Q

What is the specific craniometric point on the external occipital protuberance?

A

Inion

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6
Q

What vertebral level is the carotid tubercle located?

A

C6

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7
Q

Which cervical segment is considered atypical?

A

C7

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8
Q

Average angle of zygapophyseal joints in the c spine

A

45 degrees

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9
Q

At which levels will you find uncovertebral joints and what type of joint are they?

A

C3-T1; saddle, diarthrodial

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10
Q

What contributes to the couple motion of the C spine?

A

uncovertebral joints and zygapophyseal joints

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11
Q

Most common location of pathology in the c spine?

A

C5/6; apex of lordosis, most mobile segment

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12
Q

What structures are structurally involved in the cervicothoracic junction?

A

C7, T1, T2, ribs 1 and 2, and the manubrium

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13
Q

ALL

A

anterior longitudinal ligament - runs anterior to vertebral bodies

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14
Q

PLL

A

posterior longitudinal ligament - runs on the anterior surface of the posterior bodies between the bodies and the cord

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15
Q

What nerve roots are responsible for innervating the trapezius?

A

C3 and C4 (spinal accessory nerve)

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16
Q

Torticollis

A

aka wry neck - damage to a unilateral SCM; causes rotation to the opposite side and flexion to the same side

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17
Q

What motions does the levator scapulae cause on the neck?

A

with the scapula stabilized, rotation and side bending of the neck to the same side; bilaterally, cervical extension

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18
Q

Which rhomboid has a slight association with neck movement?

A

Rhomboid minor

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19
Q

Clay shoveler’s fracture

A

Hyperflexion avulsion fracture of the spinous process of usually C7, C6, or T1; considered stable unless fracture goes into lamina

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20
Q

What could a swollen parotid gland indicated

A

Mumps

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21
Q

Where is C8 nerve root located?

A

Between C7 and T1

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22
Q

Which grading scale is used for muscle testing?

A

Oxford or Van Allen’s Scale

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23
Q

Which grading scale is used for reflexes?

A

Wexler’s Scale

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24
Q

Where is the C5 nerve root sensation tested?

A

lateral aspect of the arm over the deltoid

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25
Q

Jefferson fracture aka

A

Burst fracture; occurs with axial loads, such as diving into shallow water

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26
Q

Hangman’s fracture

A

disruption of the pars interarticularis of C2; blow on the head causing hyperextension producing fractures through the pedicles (traumatic spondylolisthesis of C2)

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27
Q

If a person cannot get themselves into position for a muscle test, what is the best grade they can receive on the grading scale?

A

3; against gravity, complete ROM evident

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28
Q

50% of cervical flexion is in which joint?

A

C0-C1

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29
Q

50% of cervical rotation is in which joint?

A

C1-C2

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30
Q

cervical lordosis developes from upright posture when child lifts head _____ months

A

3-4

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31
Q

curve allows ____ to be oriented forward and provides shock absorbing mechanism

A

head and eyes

32
Q

if the head is 3” in front of the cog and estimate of ___ pounds of weight is produced in the structures of the c-spine

A

30

33
Q

hyoid bone opposite of

A

C3

34
Q

thyroid cartilage opposite of

A

C4/C5 vertebral body

35
Q

carotid tubercle

A

C6

36
Q

the superior facet of the contralateral side moves anterior and over the tip of the inferior articular face on the involved side

A

unilateral facet dislocation

37
Q

results in placement of the intervertebral foramen anterior to the inferior facet

A

unilateral facet dislocation

38
Q

there are __ z joints from c0-t1 and are covered with ____ cartilage

A

14, hyaline

39
Q

extend from C3-T1

A

Uncovertebral joints

40
Q

usually 10 saddle-shaped diarthodial articulation

A

Uncovertebral joints

41
Q

uncinate process + lateral aspect of superior vertebrate, and the beveled inferior-lateral aspect of the superior vertebra

A

uncovertebral joints

42
Q

uncovertebral joints and coupled rotation found by

A

wilmink and penning

43
Q

most common area of pathology in C-spine

A

c5-c6

44
Q 
– In addition, the CTJ
forms the\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_, through which
the neurovascular
structures of the upper
extremities pass
A

thoracic

outlet

45
Q 
This ligament is
narrower in the upper
cervical spine but is
wider in the lower
cervical spine than it is
in the thoracic region
A

ALL

46
Q 
This ligament is
broader and
considerably thicker in
the cervical region than
in the thoracic and
lumbar regions
A

PLL

47
Q

Most superficial back
muscle – Extends
from EOP to T12

A

Trapezius

48
Q

The superior portion of
the _____ is frequently
stretched in flexion
injuries of the c spine such as motor vehicle collisions

A

trapezius

49
Q

head
arcs posterior and the
flexor muscles contract
– which ligamentsinvolved?

A

Hyperextension, ALL

50
Q

head rebounds anterior ,anterior structures compress and extensor muscles stretch which
ligaments involved?

A

Hyperflexion, PLL

51
Q

Largest muscle in the anterior

neck

A

SCM

52
Q 
Motor supply is from the
accessory nerve (CN IX), while
the sensory innervation is
supplied from the ventral rami
of C 2 and C 3
A

SCM

53
Q

Enlarged lymph nodes may
indicate infection from
respiratory tract and can cause
______

A

torticollis

54
Q

Torticollis aka

A

Wry Neck

55
Q

SCM muscle contraction causes
_____ of the head to the opposite
side and _____ of the neck to the
same side

A

rotation, flexion

56
Q

levator scapula bilateral contraction=

A

neck extension

57
Q

Dr. Harold Crowe

A

“Dynamic injuries to the spine cause a genuine pathological insult that causes prolonged distress and disability, often lasting for several years after the accident”.

58
Q

________, with its attachment to the spinous processes of C 7 and T 1, has a slight association with the cervical spine

A

Rhomboid minor

59
Q

_______, arising from the spinous processes of T 1 through T 5, is inactive during isolated head and neck movements

A

rhomboid major

60
Q

if avulsion fracture not limited to

spinous process but extends into lamina, there is greater potential for_____ ____ injury

A

spinal cord

61
Q

if in spasm, elevate the ribs and be implicated in the thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

A

scalenes

62
Q

Adaptive shortening of these muscles will affect the mobility of the upper cervical spine

A

scalenes

63
Q

causes of TOS: result in compression of nerves, blood vessels or both

A 
posture
muscle tightness exercise
trauma
pregnancy
 being born with an extra rib (a cervical rib which is above the first rib).
64
Q

symptoms of TOS (usually exacerbated by lifting arm above shoulder height)

A
  • tingling or numbness in the fingers, hands, arm, shoulder or neck
  • weakness of the hand or arm
  • hand or arm swelling
  • aching in the shoulder or neck
65
Q

First ____ disc is between C2 and C3 and is named C2 disc

A

cervical

66
Q

First nerve root exits between C0 and C1 and is named ______

A

C1 nerve root

67
Q

Last nerve exits between C7 and T1 and is named ______

A

C8 nerve root

68
Q

Jefferson fracture is AKA

A

Burst fracture

69
Q

Burst fracture occurs in patients with

A

Down syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and other destructive processes

70
Q

Asymmetric lateral bodies on odontoid view, increased predental space

A

Jefferson Fracture

71
Q

Fracture of pars interarticularis of C2 & disruption of C2-C3 junction

A

Hangman’s Fracture

72
Q

blowonthe forehead forcing the neck into extension is a classic MOI

A

hangman’s fracture

73
Q

Clinical signs and symptoms of serious pathology include:

A

Unexplained weight loss

74
Q

ROM – ___ of flexion + extension occurs between CO + C1

A

50%

75
Q

___ of rotation occurs between C1 + C2

A

50%

76
Q

Klippel – Feil Deformity

A

bodies of 2 or more vertebrae are fused

77
Q 
which key muscles? 
C 5 –
C 6 –
C 7 -
C 8 - T 1 -
A

idk

VanPimping's Ortho lecture (11 decks)

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