Test 1 Material #3 Flashcards
_____ is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature including the tendon.
Strain
Clinical features of a strain include: (3)
- Pain on contraction
- Pain on active motion (muscle contracts and joint moves)
- Pain on resisted motion.
______ is an overstretching or rupture of ligamentous tissue
sprain
Clinical features of a sprain include:
*Pain on active or passive motion (hence, any motion or a sprained joint will produce pain).
Resist or arrest an attempted motion (so that the muscle fibers contract, but the joint does not move), if pain occurs suspect _____. Passively move the same joint, if pain occurs suspect _____.
STRAIN, SPRAIN
The anatomical location is included in naming ______
bursitis
Capsulitis = Inflammation of a joint capsule. If characterized by adhesions, the term is _____
Adhesive Capsulitis
____ = Inflammatory hyperplasia (excessive formation) of fibrous tissue, particularly of the muscle sheaths and fascia layer
Fibrositis
If the hyperplasia condition is non-inflammatory, the correct term is _____.
Fibrosis
Muscular Spasm = Involuntary contraction of muscle tissue which can be of two types: \_\_\_\_\_ Spasm (persistent) \_\_\_\_\_ Spasm (alternating)
- Tonic
* Clonic
______ = Inflammation of voluntary muscle.
Myositis
_____ = Inflammation of a muscle and its fascia, particularly of its fascial insertion of muscle to bone.
Myofascitis
______ = Paroxysmal pain that runs along the course of one or more nerves.
Neuralgia
_____ = Inflammation of a nerve
Neuritis
Anesthesia and paresthesia, as well as paralysis, wasting and disappearance of the reflexes may also characterize the condition ______
neuritis
______ = A general term denoting a functional disturbance and/or pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system. This condition is non-inflammatory.
Neuropathy
Examples of neuropathy:
- Demyelinization changes occurring with _____
- Changes due to thiamin deficiency in chronic _____
- Changes that occur along its course where its direction is abruptly changed as in ______
diabetes
alcoholism
carpal tunnel syndrome
____ = A burning, prickling sensation over the skin.
Paresthesia
______ = Inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve, especially of the portion of the root which lies between the spinal cord and the intervertebral canal.
Radiculitis
_____ = inflammation of a synovial membrane. It is painful on motion, and may be attended by swelling. Often carries a qualifying term with it, such as rheumatic _____, urethral ______.
Synovitis
______ = Inflammation of tendons or tendon-muscle attachments. This term generally refers to the shorter tendons that do not have a _____.
Tendinitis, synovial sheath
_____ = This term usually refers to the longer tendons which have a sheath. It is assumed that the tendon and its sheath are inflamed.
Tenosynovitis
_____ = Non-inflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring chiefly in older persons.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is characterized by: (3
- Degeneration of the articular cartilage
- Hypertrophy of the bone at the margins
- Changes in the synovial membrane
______ = Ankylosis of a vertebral joint, also, a general term for the degenerative changes that occur with degenerative joint disease, including spur formations that may press upon nerves that run into the arms or legs.
Spondylosis
______ = A chronic, inflammatory, systemic disease of unknown etiology that begins with inflammatory changes of the synovial membrane, and then with articular structures, such as the articular cartilage, and then the bone itself. It may run a mild course, or may go and come, or may result in widespread crippling and deformity.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
_____ = A form of rheumatoid arthritis that affects the spine. It is a systemic illness of unknown etiology that mostly strikes young males
Marie-Strumpell Spondylitis
Marie-Strumpell Spondylitis begins with inflammation of the _____ joints and may spread to the intervertebral and _____ joints
sacroiliac, costrovertebral
_____ = A loss of density of bone, seen most commonly in the elderly. It may result in deformities and pathological fractures.
Osteoporosis
_____ = An asymmetrical development of the zygapophysis of the vertebra. One side may feature a saggital plane and the other a coronal plane.
Tropism
______ = Anomalous fusion of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the sacrum.
Sacralization
_____ = A developmental anomaly characterized by defective closure of the bony encasement of the spinal cord.
Spina Bifida
In Spina Bifida, if the cord and meninges do not protrude, it is called _____. If the cord and meninges do protrude, it is called _____.
Spina Bifida Occulta, Spina Bifida Cystica
______ joint, no movement
______ joint, slight movement
______ joint, freely movable
synarthrotic
amphiarthrotic
diarthrotic
Syndesmosis
_____ = articulating bones united by dense fibrous tissue.
_____ is a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket; articulating bones separated by periodontal ligament
Gomphosis
With a _____ joint, the connecting material is hyaline
synchondrosis
_____ joint, the articulating surfaces usually flat
gliding
_____ joint, pool like surface fits into a concave surface.
Hinge
_____ joint, rounded, pointed, or concave surface fits into a ring formed partly by bone and partly by a ligament.
Pivot
_____ joint, oval-shaped condyle fits into an elliptical cavity.
Ellipsoidal
saddle joint
biaxial
ellipsoidal joint
biaxial
hinge joint
monoaxial
Gliding joint
nonaxial
Ball and socket joint
Triaxial
