Test 1 Material #3

Question 1

_____ is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature including the tendon.

Answer 1

Strain

Question 2

Clinical features of a strain include: (3)

Answer 2

• Pain on contraction
• Pain on active motion (muscle contracts and joint moves)
• Pain on resisted motion.

Question 3

______ is an overstretching or rupture of ligamentous tissue

Answer 3

sprain

Question 4

Clinical features of a sprain include:

Answer 4

*Pain on active or passive motion (hence, any motion or a sprained joint will produce pain).

Question 5

Resist or arrest an attempted motion (so that the muscle fibers contract, but the joint does not move), if pain occurs suspect _____. Passively move the same joint, if pain occurs suspect _____.

Answer 5

STRAIN, SPRAIN

Question 6

The anatomical location is included in naming ______

Answer 6

bursitis

Question 7

Capsulitis = Inflammation of a joint capsule. If characterized by adhesions, the term is _____

Answer 7

Adhesive Capsulitis

Question 8

____ = Inflammatory hyperplasia (excessive formation) of fibrous tissue, particularly of the muscle sheaths and fascia layer

Answer 8

Fibrositis

Question 9

If the hyperplasia condition is non-inflammatory, the correct term is _____.

Answer 9

Fibrosis

Question 10

Muscular Spasm = Involuntary contraction of muscle tissue which can be of two types:
\_\_\_\_\_ Spasm (persistent)
\_\_\_\_\_ Spasm (alternating)

Answer 10

• Tonic

* Clonic

Question 11

______ = Inflammation of voluntary muscle.

Answer 11

Myositis

Question 12

_____ = Inflammation of a muscle and its fascia, particularly of its fascial insertion of muscle to bone.

Answer 12

Myofascitis

Question 13

______ = Paroxysmal pain that runs along the course of one or more nerves.

Answer 13

Neuralgia

Question 14

_____ = Inflammation of a nerve

Answer 14

Neuritis

Question 15

Anesthesia and paresthesia, as well as paralysis, wasting and disappearance of the reflexes may also characterize the condition ______

Answer 15

neuritis

Question 16

______ = A general term denoting a functional disturbance and/or pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system. This condition is non-inflammatory.

Answer 16

Neuropathy

Question 17

Examples of neuropathy:

• Demyelinization changes occurring with _____
• Changes due to thiamin deficiency in chronic _____
• Changes that occur along its course where its direction is abruptly changed as in ______

Answer 17

diabetes
alcoholism
carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 18

____ = A burning, prickling sensation over the skin.

Answer 18

Paresthesia

Question 19

______ = Inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve, especially of the portion of the root which lies between the spinal cord and the intervertebral canal.

Answer 19

Radiculitis

Question 20

_____ = inflammation of a synovial membrane. It is painful on motion, and may be attended by swelling. Often carries a qualifying term with it, such as rheumatic _____, urethral ______.

Answer 20

Synovitis

Question 21

______ = Inflammation of tendons or tendon-muscle attachments. This term generally refers to the shorter tendons that do not have a _____.

Answer 21

Tendinitis, synovial sheath

Question 22

_____ = This term usually refers to the longer tendons which have a sheath. It is assumed that the tendon and its sheath are inflamed.

Answer 22

Tenosynovitis

Question 23

_____ = Non-inflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring chiefly in older persons.

Answer 23

Osteoarthritis

Question 24

Osteoarthritis is characterized by: (3

Answer 24

• Degeneration of the articular cartilage
• Hypertrophy of the bone at the margins
• Changes in the synovial membrane

Question 25

______ = Ankylosis of a vertebral joint, also, a general term for the degenerative changes that occur with degenerative joint disease, including spur formations that may press upon nerves that run into the arms or legs.

Answer 25

Spondylosis

Question 26

______ = A chronic, inflammatory, systemic disease of unknown etiology that begins with inflammatory changes of the synovial membrane, and then with articular structures, such as the articular cartilage, and then the bone itself. It may run a mild course, or may go and come, or may result in widespread crippling and deformity.

Answer 26

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 27

_____ = A form of rheumatoid arthritis that affects the spine. It is a systemic illness of unknown etiology that mostly strikes young males

Answer 27

Marie-Strumpell Spondylitis

Question 28

Marie-Strumpell Spondylitis begins with inflammation of the _____ joints and may spread to the intervertebral and _____ joints

Answer 28

sacroiliac, costrovertebral

Question 29

_____ = A loss of density of bone, seen most commonly in the elderly. It may result in deformities and pathological fractures.

Answer 29

Osteoporosis

Question 30

_____ = An asymmetrical development of the zygapophysis of the vertebra. One side may feature a saggital plane and the other a coronal plane.

Answer 30

Tropism

Question 31

______ = Anomalous fusion of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the sacrum.

Answer 31

Sacralization

Question 32

_____ = A developmental anomaly characterized by defective closure of the bony encasement of the spinal cord.

Answer 32

Spina Bifida

Question 33

In Spina Bifida, if the cord and meninges do not protrude, it is called _____. If the cord and meninges do protrude, it is called _____.

Answer 33

Spina Bifida Occulta, Spina Bifida Cystica

Question 34

______ joint, no movement ______ joint, slight movement ______ joint, freely movable

Answer 34

synarthrotic amphiarthrotic diarthrotic

Question 35

Syndesmosis

Answer 35

_____ = articulating bones united by dense fibrous tissue.

Question 36

_____ is a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket; articulating bones separated by periodontal ligament

Answer 36

Gomphosis

Question 37

With a _____ joint, the connecting material is hyaline

Answer 37

synchondrosis

Question 38

_____ joint, the articulating surfaces usually flat

Answer 38

gliding

Question 39

_____ joint, pool like surface fits into a concave surface.

Answer 39

Hinge

Question 40

_____ joint, rounded, pointed, or concave surface fits into a ring formed partly by bone and partly by a ligament.

Answer 40

Pivot

Question 41

_____ joint, oval-shaped condyle fits into an elliptical cavity.

Answer 41

Ellipsoidal

Question 42

saddle joint

Answer 42

biaxial

Question 43

ellipsoidal joint

Answer 43

biaxial

Question 44

hinge joint

Answer 44

monoaxial

Question 45

Gliding joint

Answer 45

nonaxial

Question 46

Ball and socket joint

Answer 46

Triaxial