final #2 Flashcards
the borders of the popliteal fossa?
HAMSTRINGS, GASTROCNEMIUS
What is a (Morrant’s) Baker’s Cyst?
ESCAPED SYNOVIAL FLUID IN AN ENCLOSED MEMBRANOUS SAC THAT IS PROTRUDING THROUGH THE JOINT CAPSULE OF THE KNEE.
can you see a Baker’s cyst with knee flexed or extended?
Extended
- What are plica?
REMNANT OF 3 SEPARATE CAVITIES IN THE SYNOVIAL MESENCHYME
- Retinacula in the knee are extensions of what?
VASTUS LATERALIS & MEDIALIS
major muscles that act on the knee joint complex?
GASTROCNEMIUS, HAMSTRINGS, QUADRICEPS, POPLITEUS, ADDUCTORS
- What is Helfet’s Helix?
KNEE CANNOT FULLY EXTEND WITHOUT SOME AMOUNT OF EXTERNAL TIBIAL ROTATION ON THE FEMUR
the screw home mechanism of the knee?
TO REACH FULL EXTENSION, THE MEDIAL SIDE OF THE TIBIA MUST ROTATE LATERALLY AROUND THE LATERAL FEMORAL CONDYLE. LATERAL ROTATION ALLOWS THE MEDIAL FEMORAL CONDYLE TO COMPLETE THE EXTENSION POSITION OR “LOCK THE JOINT HOME” IN FULL KNEE EXTENSION.
- Where is the foot in a closed kinetic chain?
ON THE GROUND
- Arteries of the leg: ANTERIOR
ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
Arteries of the leg: POSTERIOR
POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY. POPLITEAL ARTERY IN THE KNEE.
- Nerves of the leg: LATERAL PORTION
SUPERFICIAL PERONEAL NERVE
Nerves of the leg: POSTERIOR PORTION
TIBIAL NERVE. ANTERIOR PORTION: DEEP PERONEAL NERVE.
Primary MOIs in the knee
direc\t trauma, varus/valgus force, hypere
- What can refer pain to the knee?
LUMBOSACRAL REGION, HIP
How many bones, articulation. and
28 BONES 55 ARTICULATIONS /30
- In addition to sustaining substantial forces, the foot & ankle serve to convert the rotational movements that occur with weight bearing activities into what types of movements?
SAGITTAL, FRONTAL, TRANSVERSE
- Where are the 2 sesamoid bones in the foot?
BENEATH THE 1st MTP
a) Rearfoot/Hindfoot?
TALUS & CALCANEUS
b) Midfoot
NAVICULAR, CUBOID, CUNEIFORMS
c) Forefoot
METATARSALS, MEDIAL & LATERAL SESAMOIDS
- What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?
SYNDESMOSIS
- The talocrural joint is found b/w what bones?What type of joint is it?
B/W TALUS & DISTAL TIBIA. MODIFIED SELLAR/SYNOVIAL JOINT
What type of joint is the subtalar joint
SYNOVIAL, BICONDYLAR
- When you have foot supination, where is the big toe?
off the ground
- What is most limited clinically in traumatic arthritis, inversion or eversion?
eversion
- What is the open-packed position for the subtalar joint?
INVERSION/PLANTARFLEXION
closed packed for subtler joint?
FULL INVERSION
There is a cervical ligament in the foot
True
- What makes up the midtarsal joint articulations?
TALONAVICULAR, CALCANEOCUBOID ARTICULATIONS.
- What type of joint is:a. talonavicular joint?
SYNOVIAL/COMPOUND/OVOID
- What type of joint is:b. calcaneocuboid joint?
SYNOVIAL/SIMPLE/MODIFIED SELLAR
AKA for the spring ligament
calcaneonavicular (maintains medial longitudinal arch)
- Hammer Toe, Mallet Toe or Claw Toe?
SORRY…I SCREWED THIS UP. JUST MAKE SURE YOU KNOW THE DIF.
A lateral deviation of the proximal phalanx of the 1st toe with pain on the medial side of the 1st MTP joint that can result in external rotation of the 1st ray.
HALLUX VALGUS
- What retinacula are located on the foot?
FLEXOR, SUPERIOR & INFERIOR EXTENSOR, SUPERIOR & INFERIOR FIBULAR/PERONEAL
- Loss of muscle strength in what muscle can lead to drop-foot or “steppage gait.”
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
- Gastrocnemius & soleus are tested in what nerve root level? What innervates them?
S1/TIBIAL NERVE.
- Name the 1st layer of intrinsic foot muscles
ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS, ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI, FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS
- Name the 2nd layer of intrinsic foot muscles
FLEXOR DIGITORUM ACCESSORIUS (QUADRATUS PLANTAE), LUMBRICALES
- Name the 3rd layer of intrinsic foot muscles.
FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS, FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMUS, ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS
- Name the 4th layer of intrinsic foot muscles
DORSAL & PLANTAR INTEROSSEI
- What are the 3 main arches of the foot?
MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL, LATERAL LONGITUDINAL, TRANSVERSE
- What arch does the cuboid belong to?
LATERAL ARCH
- What arch do the cuneiforms belong to?
MEDIAL ARCH
- Which arch does the calcaneus belong to?
LATERAL ARCH
- A dropped transverse arch can lead to excessive pressure b/w the metatarsal heads causing pain there w/ no apparent injury. What is the condition?
MORTON’S NEUROMA
- What is the most common place for Morton’s neuroma?
B/W THE 3rd & 4th (2nd most common b/w the 2nd & 3rd)
NEUROPATHY OF POSTERIOR TIBIAL NERVE IN THE TARSAL TUNNEL DUE TO COMPRESSION OR STRETCHING.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
- What is the main blood supply to the foot?
POSTERIOR & ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERIES (branches of popliteal artery)
- What could be the cause of bilateral swelling in the feet?
CARDIAC OR LYMPH PROBLEMS, PELVIC OBSTRUCTION TO VENOUS RETURN
- Where is the big toe during pronation?
ON THE GROUND
3 planes that make up pronation
ABDUCTION IN TRANSVERSE PLANE, DORSIFLEXION IN SAGITTAL PLANE, EVERSION IN FRONTAL PLANE
- What are the 3 planes that make up supination?
COMBO OF ADDUCTION, PLANTARFLEXION, INVERSION
- What is diastasis?
SEPARATION OF PARTS OF BODY THAT ARE NORMALLY JOINED TOGETHER
- T/F Systemic conditions (collagen disease, neuropathy, radiculopathy, vascular problems) tend to migrate to the foot & ankle
T
- What is the pathology involved in gout?
DISORDER OF PURINE METABOLISM WHERE HYPERURECEMIA LEADS TO DEPOSITION OF SODIUM MONOURATE CRYSTALS INTO CARTILAGE, SYNOVIUM & SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUES
- How many steps is 1 gait cycle?
2
- How many gait cycles should you look at to evaluate patient?
AT LEAST 2
- What special test uses isometric contraction?
O’DONOGHUE
- What are you testing in distraction tests?
SOFT TISSUE, LIGAMENT, TENDONS
- Most commonly torn ligament in the foot/ankle due to plantarflexion/inversion sprain/strain?
ANTERIOR TALOFIBULAR
provides cutaneous distribution to medial aspect of foot.
saphenous
provides sensory & motor innervation to foot.
SCIATIC
What nerve terminate in the foot?
sciatic and saphenous
- If ever asked to do a reflex at the L5 level, what muscle will you be testing?
TIBIALIS POSTERIOR TENDON
