Final material Flashcards by Rugger Style

What are iliac joint surfaces made of?

FIBROCARTILAGE

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Is the female pelvis shaped like a martini glass or a champagne flute?

i would guess martini glass

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This muscle primarily functions to produce external rotation & abduction of the femur

PIRIFORMIS

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What muscles comprise the levator ani group?

PUBOCOCCYGEUS, ILIOCOCCYGEUS, PUBORECTALIS

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What is cauda equina syndrome?

ACUTE LOSS OF FUNCTION OF NERVE ROOTS BELOW CONUS MEDULLARIS

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Which portion of the SI joint likely receives innervation from the posterior rami of the L2-S2 roots?

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Is the pubic tubercle at the same level as the greater or lesser trochanter?

GREATER

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What tests stress the SI joint?

PELVIC ROCK, GAENSLEN’S, LEWIN-GAENSLEN’S, HIBB’S, NACHLAS

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What does FABERE stand for?

Flexion, ABduction, External Rotation, Extension of other leg (looks like figure 4)

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What is the break up of the acetabulum (How much is comprised of each pelvic bone)?

2/5 EACH FOR ILIUM & ISCHIUM. 1/5 PUBIC

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At what age is development of the acetabulum complete?

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Does the angle of the femur head become more acute or obtuse with age?

acute

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Why should hips be inspected weight-bearing & supine?

B/C SPINE, KNEE OR FEET COULD AFFECT WEIGHT-BEARING

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PELVIC OBLIQUITY

If ASIS is not in the same horizontal plane

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Iliac crest contusion is very painful & disabling if ______ is involved. Why

PERIOSTEUM. B/C NERVE ENDINGS ARE PRESENT THERE

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The greater trochanters should be at the same level of these

PUBIC TUBERCLES

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What may cause the trochanters to be unlevel

CONGENITAL HIP DISLOCATION OR HIP FRACTURES

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Straddle Fx

bilateral superior pubic rami & ischiopubic Fxs

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Bucket Handle Fx

sup. & inf. Pubic rami Fx w/separation or Fx of contralateral SI jt.

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Sprung Pelvis

separation of the pubic symphysis & both SI jts

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3 most common areas of pelvis for avulsion fractures

ASIS, AIIS, ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY

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2/3 of the femur head are covered with this

HYALINE/SMOOTH/ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

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A larger femur inclination is called

COXA VALGA

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What muscles attach to the greater trochanter?

GLUTEUS MINIMUS & MEDIUS, PIRIFORMIS, SUPERIOR & INFERIOR GEMELLUS, OBTURATOR INTERNUS, QUADRATUS FEMORIS

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What muscles attach to the lesser trochanter?

ILIOPSOAS

What is the angle of femoral anteversion?

NORMAL 8-15 DEGREES. THE ANGLE THAT THE FEMORAL NECK MAKES WITH THE ACETABULUM

Increased femoral head torsion can result in a ton of different conditions. Can you name them?

OA, DYSPLASIA OF THE ACETABULUM, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTERIOR FEMORAL DISLOCATION, KNEE JOINT MISALIGNMENT PROBLEMS, PATELLAR DISLOCATION, EXCESSIVE LUMBAR LORDOSIS, EXTERNAL ROTATION OF THE TIBIA, PRONATION OF THE FEET

Decreased femoral head torsion may result in the following conditions

LOW BACK OR SI PATHOLOGIES, INTERNAL ROTATION OF THE TIBIA, SUPINATION OF THE FEET (WALKING ON LATERAL ASPECT OF FEET

AVN of the femoral capital epiphysis before closure of the growth plate is called?

LEGG-CALVEL-PERTHES DISEASE

LEGG-CALVEL-PERTHES DISEASE 4 stages

AVASCULARIZATION, REVASCULARIZATION, REPAIR, DEFORMITY

What is usually the 1st sign of above disease (LEGG-CALVEL-PERTHES DISEASE)

LATERAL DISPLACEMENT OF FEMORAL HEAD (SEEN ON XRAY FILM)

What 3 ligaments provide stability to the hip joint?

ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT (OF BERTIN/BIGELOW), PUBOFEMORAL LIGAMENT, ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT

What ligament blends with the capsule?

ISCHIOFEMORAL

What is the strongest ligament in the body?

ILIOFEMORAL

What is the most commonly injured hip ligament

ISCHIOFEMORAL

ISCHIOFEMORAL: limits

internal rotation

PUBOFEMORAL: limits

abduction

ILIOFEMORAL LATERAL BAND: limits

adduction

ILIOFEMORAL MEDIAL BAND: limits

external rotation.

most powerful hip flexor?

ILIOPSOAS

What is the longest muscle in the body & what are its functions?

SARTORIUS. FLEXES HIP & KNEE, ABDUCTS, EXTERNAL ROTATION

What is the most important hip extensor & external rotator of hip?

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

What does Klein’s line determine?

SLIPPAGE OF FEMORAL CAPITAL EPIPHYSIS

At 60 degrees or less of hip flexion, piriformis is an external hip rotator T/F

T/F At 90 degrees of hip flexion, piriformis is an internal hip rotator

Where does the inguinal ligament run to & from?

ASIS TO PUBIC TUBERCLE

T/F The femoral artery lies lateral to the femoral nerve.

False:OPPOSITE

What runs through the femoral triangle?

FEMORAL VEIN, ARTERY & NERVE (FROM MEDIAL TO LATERAL)

The sciatic nerve is located between these two bony structures.

GREATER TROCHANTER & ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY

Normally, the sciatic nerve passes inferior to this muscle

PIRIFORMIS

Does the medial circumflex femoral artery supply the anterior or posterior thigh?

POSTERIOR

Diagnoses can be formed solely by special tests

PRICE stands for

PROTECTION, REST, ICE, COMPRESSION, ELEVATION

How many articular surfaces are there in the knee?

How many joints are there in the knee & what are they?

2 PATELLOFEMORAL & TIBIOFEMORAL

What types of swelling occur in the knee & how do they differ?

LOCAL: BURSA. GENERALIZED: INTRA-ARTICULAR (SYNOVIAL).

Normally, the tibia has a slight VARUS/VALGUS formation

Valgus

Reversal of the curve in the knee is called

GENU RECURVATUM

Joint stability in the knee is dependent upon these

ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL, MENISCI, TENDONS

Which femoral condyle sits higher?

LATERAL

Which femoral condyle is bigger?

MEDIAL

Which plateau has approximately 50% greater surface area than the other?

Medial

Which way do patellas dislocate most of the time?

Lateral

Degeneration of retropatellar cartilage is called what?

CHONDROMALACIA PATELLA

The medial & lateral points of the patella are termed what?

POLES

Is the patella mobile in flexion or extension?

extension

What is the Q angle?

ANGLE FORMED BY BISECTION OF 2 LINES. 1 LINE DRAWN FROM ASIS TO CENTER OF PATELLA, OTHER FROM PATELLA TO TIBIAL TUBERCLE.

What are normal Q angles for males & females?

M: 8-14 DEGREES/ F: 15-17 DEGREES

BAYONET SIGN

increased Q angle

increased Q angle is common with these conditions

PATELLOFEMORAL ARTHRALGIA/PATELLOFEMORAL SYNDROME

Patella stability is dependent on these 2 factors

STATIC RESTRAINTS & DYNAMIC RESTRAINTS

What is the distance the patella can move in the trochlear groove of the femur?

5-7 CM

patella sits too high

patella Alta

patella sits too low

patella baja

T/F Knee is the largest synovial capsule in the body

True

The bone is inflamed and broken at the site of patellar tendon attachment to the shin bone. Pain, swelling & tenderness occur over the tibial tubercle. What is this condition called?

OSGOOD-SCHLATTER’S DISEASE

What is a common time for this condition to occur?

GROWTH SPURTS IN PREADOLESCENTS

primary restraint Anterior translation of the knee joint

ACL

primary restraint posterior translation of the knee

PCL

primary restraint of Valgus rotation of knee joint?

MCL

primary restraint of Varus rotation of Knee joint?

LCL

primary restraint Lateral rotation?

MCL, PCL

primary restraint of medial rotation

ACL, PCL

ACL VS PCL which is longer and thinner?

ACL

T/F Examiner sits on patient’s foot in Lachman’s test

T/F Examiner sits on patient’s foot in Drawer test

MOI: falling onto shin with a bent knee & foot pointed or a dashboard injury.

PCL tear

This is a broad, fan-shaped ligament (knee)

MCL

Round rope-like ligament in the knee

LCL

What are the menisci composed of?

FIBROCARTILAGE

Which is bigger, thicker, wider posteriorly than anteriorly, wedge-shaped & C-shaped? (knee joint)

MEDIAL MENISCUS

T/F Medial meniscus is more mobile than the lateral meniscus.

T/F the inner 1/3 of the meniscus is avascular

Bucket handle, parrot beak, flap & radial tears. What is the worst & why?

RADIAL. B/C IT AFFECTS THE AVASCULAR PORTION OF THE MENISCUS.

What are the functions of the meniscus?

LOAD TRANSMISSION, SHOCK ABSORPTION, JOINT LUBRICATION, JOINT STABILITY & GUIDING OF MOVEMENTS

What is the triad of O’Donoghue AKA “terrible triad” or “unhappy triad”?

RUPTURE OF MCL, ACL & MEDIAL MENISCUS

Why is it possible to have so much swelling in the knee?

B/C THERE ARE SO MANY BURSA

AKA for prepatellar bursitis?

HOUSEMAID’S KNEE

potential MOIs for prepatellar bursitis?

OVERUSE, DIRECT BLOW

What is the AKA for infrapatellar bursitis?

CLERGYMAN’S KNEE

What is the MOI for Clergyman's knee?

REPEATED TRAUMA TO TIBIAL TUBEROSITY