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VanPimping's Ortho lecture > Final material > Flashcards

Final material Flashcards

1
Q

What are iliac joint surfaces made of?

A

FIBROCARTILAGE

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2
Q

Is the female pelvis shaped like a martini glass or a champagne flute?

A

i would guess martini glass

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3
Q

This muscle primarily functions to produce external rotation & abduction of the femur

A

PIRIFORMIS

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4
Q

What muscles comprise the levator ani group?

A

PUBOCOCCYGEUS, ILIOCOCCYGEUS, PUBORECTALIS

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5
Q

What is cauda equina syndrome?

A

ACUTE LOSS OF FUNCTION OF NERVE ROOTS BELOW CONUS MEDULLARIS

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6
Q

Which portion of the SI joint likely receives innervation from the posterior rami of the L2-S2 roots?

A

ANTERIOR

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7
Q

Is the pubic tubercle at the same level as the greater or lesser trochanter?

A

GREATER

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8
Q

What tests stress the SI joint?

A

PELVIC ROCK, GAENSLEN’S, LEWIN-GAENSLEN’S, HIBB’S, NACHLAS

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9
Q

What does FABERE stand for?

A

Flexion, ABduction, External Rotation, Extension of other leg (looks like figure 4)

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10
Q

What is the break up of the acetabulum (How much is comprised of each pelvic bone)?

A

2/5 EACH FOR ILIUM & ISCHIUM. 1/5 PUBIC

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11
Q

At what age is development of the acetabulum complete?

A

8

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12
Q

Does the angle of the femur head become more acute or obtuse with age?

A

acute

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13
Q

Why should hips be inspected weight-bearing & supine?

A

B/C SPINE, KNEE OR FEET COULD AFFECT WEIGHT-BEARING

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14
Q

PELVIC OBLIQUITY

A

If ASIS is not in the same horizontal plane

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15
Q

Iliac crest contusion is very painful & disabling if ______ is involved. Why

A

PERIOSTEUM. B/C NERVE ENDINGS ARE PRESENT THERE

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16
Q

The greater trochanters should be at the same level of these

A

PUBIC TUBERCLES

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17
Q

What may cause the trochanters to be unlevel

A

CONGENITAL HIP DISLOCATION OR HIP FRACTURES

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18
Q

Straddle Fx

A

bilateral superior pubic rami & ischiopubic Fxs

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19
Q

Bucket Handle Fx

A

sup. & inf. Pubic rami Fx w/separation or Fx of contralateral SI jt.

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20
Q

Sprung Pelvis

A

separation of the pubic symphysis & both SI jts

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21
Q

3 most common areas of pelvis for avulsion fractures

A

ASIS, AIIS, ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY

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22
Q

2/3 of the femur head are covered with this

A

HYALINE/SMOOTH/ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

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23
Q

A larger femur inclination is called

A

COXA VALGA

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24
Q

What muscles attach to the greater trochanter?

A

GLUTEUS MINIMUS & MEDIUS, PIRIFORMIS, SUPERIOR & INFERIOR GEMELLUS, OBTURATOR INTERNUS, QUADRATUS FEMORIS

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25
Q

What muscles attach to the lesser trochanter?

A

ILIOPSOAS

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26
Q

What is the angle of femoral anteversion?

A

NORMAL 8-15 DEGREES. THE ANGLE THAT THE FEMORAL NECK MAKES WITH THE ACETABULUM

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27
Q

Increased femoral head torsion can result in a ton of different conditions. Can you name them?

A

OA, DYSPLASIA OF THE ACETABULUM, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTERIOR FEMORAL DISLOCATION, KNEE JOINT MISALIGNMENT PROBLEMS, PATELLAR DISLOCATION, EXCESSIVE LUMBAR LORDOSIS, EXTERNAL ROTATION OF THE TIBIA, PRONATION OF THE FEET

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28
Q

Decreased femoral head torsion may result in the following conditions

A

LOW BACK OR SI PATHOLOGIES, INTERNAL ROTATION OF THE TIBIA, SUPINATION OF THE FEET (WALKING ON LATERAL ASPECT OF FEET

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29
Q

AVN of the femoral capital epiphysis before closure of the growth plate is called?

A

LEGG-CALVEL-PERTHES DISEASE

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30
Q

LEGG-CALVEL-PERTHES DISEASE 4 stages

A

AVASCULARIZATION, REVASCULARIZATION, REPAIR, DEFORMITY

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31
Q

What is usually the 1st sign of above disease (LEGG-CALVEL-PERTHES DISEASE)

A

LATERAL DISPLACEMENT OF FEMORAL HEAD (SEEN ON XRAY FILM)

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32
Q

What 3 ligaments provide stability to the hip joint?

A

ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT (OF BERTIN/BIGELOW), PUBOFEMORAL LIGAMENT, ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT

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33
Q

What ligament blends with the capsule?

A

ISCHIOFEMORAL

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34
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body?

A

ILIOFEMORAL

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35
Q

What is the most commonly injured hip ligament

A

ISCHIOFEMORAL

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36
Q

ISCHIOFEMORAL: limits

A

internal rotation

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37
Q

PUBOFEMORAL: limits

A

abduction

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38
Q

ILIOFEMORAL LATERAL BAND: limits

A

adduction

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39
Q

ILIOFEMORAL MEDIAL BAND: limits

A

external rotation.

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40
Q

most powerful hip flexor?

A

ILIOPSOAS

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41
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body & what are its functions?

A

SARTORIUS. FLEXES HIP & KNEE, ABDUCTS, EXTERNAL ROTATION

42
Q

What is the most important hip extensor & external rotator of hip?

A

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

43
Q

What does Klein’s line determine?

A

SLIPPAGE OF FEMORAL CAPITAL EPIPHYSIS

44
Q

At 60 degrees or less of hip flexion, piriformis is an external hip rotator T/F

A

T

45
Q

T/F At 90 degrees of hip flexion, piriformis is an internal hip rotator

A

T

46
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament run to & from?

A

ASIS TO PUBIC TUBERCLE

47
Q

T/F The femoral artery lies lateral to the femoral nerve.

A

False:OPPOSITE

48
Q

What runs through the femoral triangle?

A

FEMORAL VEIN, ARTERY & NERVE (FROM MEDIAL TO LATERAL)

49
Q

The sciatic nerve is located between these two bony structures.

A

GREATER TROCHANTER & ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY

50
Q

Normally, the sciatic nerve passes inferior to this muscle

A

PIRIFORMIS

51
Q

Does the medial circumflex femoral artery supply the anterior or posterior thigh?

A

POSTERIOR

52
Q

Diagnoses can be formed solely by special tests

A

F

53
Q

PRICE stands for

A

PROTECTION, REST, ICE, COMPRESSION, ELEVATION

54
Q

How many articular surfaces are there in the knee?

A

3

55
Q

How many joints are there in the knee & what are they?

A

2 PATELLOFEMORAL & TIBIOFEMORAL

56
Q

What types of swelling occur in the knee & how do they differ?

A

LOCAL: BURSA. GENERALIZED: INTRA-ARTICULAR (SYNOVIAL).

57
Q

Normally, the tibia has a slight VARUS/VALGUS formation

A

Valgus

58
Q

Reversal of the curve in the knee is called

A

GENU RECURVATUM

59
Q

Joint stability in the knee is dependent upon these

A

ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL, MENISCI, TENDONS

60
Q

Which femoral condyle sits higher?

A

LATERAL

61
Q

Which femoral condyle is bigger?

A

MEDIAL

62
Q

Which plateau has approximately 50% greater surface area than the other?

A

Medial

63
Q

Which way do patellas dislocate most of the time?

A

Lateral

64
Q

Degeneration of retropatellar cartilage is called what?

A

CHONDROMALACIA PATELLA

65
Q

The medial & lateral points of the patella are termed what?

A

POLES

66
Q

Is the patella mobile in flexion or extension?

A

extension

67
Q

What is the Q angle?

A

ANGLE FORMED BY BISECTION OF 2 LINES. 1 LINE DRAWN FROM ASIS TO CENTER OF PATELLA, OTHER FROM PATELLA TO TIBIAL TUBERCLE.

68
Q

What are normal Q angles for males & females?

A

M: 8-14 DEGREES/ F: 15-17 DEGREES

69
Q

BAYONET SIGN

A

increased Q angle

70
Q

increased Q angle is common with these conditions

A

PATELLOFEMORAL ARTHRALGIA/PATELLOFEMORAL SYNDROME

71
Q

Patella stability is dependent on these 2 factors

A

STATIC RESTRAINTS & DYNAMIC RESTRAINTS

72
Q

What is the distance the patella can move in the trochlear groove of the femur?

A

5-7 CM

73
Q

patella sits too high

A

patella Alta

74
Q

patella sits too low

A

patella baja

75
Q

T/F Knee is the largest synovial capsule in the body

A

True

76
Q

The bone is inflamed and broken at the site of patellar tendon attachment to the shin bone. Pain, swelling & tenderness occur over the tibial tubercle. What is this condition called?

A

OSGOOD-SCHLATTER’S DISEASE

77
Q

What is a common time for this condition to occur?

A

GROWTH SPURTS IN PREADOLESCENTS

78
Q

primary restraint Anterior translation of the knee joint

A

ACL

79
Q

primary restraint posterior translation of the knee

A

PCL

80
Q

primary restraint of Valgus rotation of knee joint?

A

MCL

81
Q

primary restraint of Varus rotation of Knee joint?

A

LCL

82
Q

primary restraint Lateral rotation?

A

MCL, PCL

83
Q

primary restraint of medial rotation

A

ACL, PCL

84
Q

ACL VS PCL which is longer and thinner?

A

ACL

85
Q

T/F Examiner sits on patient’s foot in Lachman’s test

A

F

86
Q

T/F Examiner sits on patient’s foot in Drawer test

A

T

87
Q

MOI: falling onto shin with a bent knee & foot pointed or a dashboard injury.

A

PCL tear

88
Q

This is a broad, fan-shaped ligament (knee)

A

MCL

89
Q

Round rope-like ligament in the knee

A

LCL

90
Q

What are the menisci composed of?

A

FIBROCARTILAGE

91
Q

Which is bigger, thicker, wider posteriorly than anteriorly, wedge-shaped & C-shaped? (knee joint)

A

MEDIAL MENISCUS

92
Q

T/F Medial meniscus is more mobile than the lateral meniscus.

A

F

93
Q

T/F the inner 1/3 of the meniscus is avascular

A

T

94
Q

Bucket handle, parrot beak, flap & radial tears. What is the worst & why?

A

RADIAL. B/C IT AFFECTS THE AVASCULAR PORTION OF THE MENISCUS.

95
Q

What are the functions of the meniscus?

A

LOAD TRANSMISSION, SHOCK ABSORPTION, JOINT LUBRICATION, JOINT STABILITY & GUIDING OF MOVEMENTS

96
Q

What is the triad of O’Donoghue AKA “terrible triad” or “unhappy triad”?

A

RUPTURE OF MCL, ACL & MEDIAL MENISCUS

97
Q

Why is it possible to have so much swelling in the knee?

A

B/C THERE ARE SO MANY BURSA

98
Q

AKA for prepatellar bursitis?

A

HOUSEMAID’S KNEE

99
Q

potential MOIs for prepatellar bursitis?

A

OVERUSE, DIRECT BLOW

100
Q

What is the AKA for infrapatellar bursitis?

A

CLERGYMAN’S KNEE

101
Q

What is the MOI for Clergyman’s knee?

A

REPEATED TRAUMA TO TIBIAL TUBEROSITY

VanPimping's Ortho lecture (11 decks)

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