Test #2 Burns ARTICLES - Rude man Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a burn?

A

a burn is defined as a traumatic injury to the skin or other organic tissue primarily caused by thermal or other acute exposures.

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2
Q

What are some different types of burns? (6)

A
  • thermal
  • cold exposure (frostbite)
  • chemical burn
  • electrical current
  • inhalation
  • radiation burns (sunburn is most common)
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3
Q

With inhalation burns, hot smoke usually only burns what? Where can steam burn the airway?

A

hot smoke usually burns only the pharynx

steam can also burn the airway below the glottis

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4
Q

What is the old way to classify burns?

A

first degree (superficial or epidermal)

second degree (partial-thickness)

third degree (full thickness)

fourth degree (extend beneath the subcutaneous tissues and involve fascia, muscle and/or bone)

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5
Q

What is the current way to classify burns? (it reflects the need for surgical intervention)

A

superficial

superficial partial-thickness

deep partial-thickness

full-thickness

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6
Q

Describe a superficial burn.

A

involve only the epidermal layer of skin

do not blister, but are red and painful

blanch with pressure

(eg. sunburn)

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7
Q

Describe a superficial partial-thickness burn.

A

involve the epidermis and portions of the dermis

blister within 24 hours between the epidermis and dermis

painful, red, and weeping

blanch with pressure

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8
Q

Describe a deep partial-thickness burn.

A

extend into the deeper dermis

painful to pressure only

almost always blister, are wet or waxy dry

variable mottled color from cheesy white to red

does NOT blanch with pressure

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9
Q

Describe a full-thickness burn.

A

extend through and destroy all layers of the dermis and often injure subcutaneous tissue

skin appearance varies from waxy white to leather gray to charred and black

skin is dry and inelastic

does NOT blanch with pressure

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10
Q

What methods can be used to determine the total percentage of body surface area (TBSA) burned? (3)

A

Lund-Browder

“Rule of Nines”

Palm method

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11
Q

Which of those three methods is the most accurate for adults and children?

A

Lund-Browder

because it takes into account the relative percentage of body surface area affected by growth

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12
Q

Are superficial burns included in the TBSA burn assessment?

A

nope

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13
Q

Which method of burn estimation is the most expeditious with adults?

A

the rule of nines

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14
Q

How does the rule of nines work?

A

each leg represents 18 % TBSA

each arm represents 9 % TBSA

the anterior and posterior trunk each represent 18 % TBSA

the head represents 9 % TBSA

(it doesn’t say it in the article, but the junk should be 1%. or in josh’s case, 2%)

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15
Q

How does the Palm method work?

A

the palm of the patient’s hand, excluding the fingers, is approx. 0.5% of the total body surface area

the palm, including fingers, is 1% of the total body surface area

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16
Q

For every increase in cup size, the TBSA of a woman’s anterior trunk increases by a factor of ____, relative to the posterior trunk.

A

0.1

this will definitely be on the test…

17
Q

Tumescent infiltration of the subdermis, subcutaneous, and subeschar tissues assists with debridement of burns and harvesting grafts from the donor site. What does tumescent consist of and why would we care?

A

one liter of normal saline with an ampule of 1:1000 epinephrine.

that epi could screw with our shit!

18
Q

What mix of what drugs is used for local anesthetic for postop pain control after debridement and harvesting of grafts?

A

1% lidocaine and bupivacaine 0.25%