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Test 2 Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q 
Aminoglycosides:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
Holes is spectrum.
A

Amikacin, Neomycin, Gentamycin.
Inhibit protein synthesis via 30S ribosome.
Nephrotoxic.
No legalities.
Strep, Anaerobes, Spirochetes, Mycoplasma

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2
Q 
Aminopenicillins:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
Holes in spectrum.
A

Amoxicillin, Ampicillin.
Inhibit enzymes in cell wall synthesis.
Diarrhea especially in horses and ruminants.
No legalities.
Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Spirochetes, Mycoplasma.

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3
Q 
Antipseudomonal penicillins:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
Holes in spectrum.
A 
Ticarcillin
Inhibit enzymes in cell wall synthesis.
High dose: seizures and decreased platelet function
No legalities.
Only works on Pseudomonas.
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4
Q 
Natural penicillin:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
Holes in spectrum.
A

Penicillin G.
Inhibit enzymes in cell wall synthesis.
Diarrhea.
Some Respiratory, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Spirochetes, Mycoplasma

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5
Q 
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
Holes in spectrum.
A

Cloxacillin, Methicillin, Oxacillin.
Inhibit enzymes invovled in cell wall synthesis.
Diarrhea.
Only on G+ aerobes

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6
Q 
Potentiated aminopenicillins:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
Holes in spectrum.
A

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, Ampicillin-sulbactam.
Inhibit enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis.
Diarrhea.
Some Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Spirochetes, Mycoplasma

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7
Q 
Carbapenems:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
Holes in spectrum.
A 
Imipenem, Meropenem.
Inhibit enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis.
Diarrhea.
Drug of last resort.
Spirochetes, Mycoplasma.
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8
Q 
1st gen Cephalosporins:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
A

Cefazolin, Cephalexin, Cephapirin.
Inhibit enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis.
Illegal to use extralabel in cattle, swine, chickens, and turkeys.

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9
Q 
2nd gen Cephalosporins:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
A

Cefoxitin.
Inhibit enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis.
Bleeding disorders.
Illegal to use extralabel in cattle, swine, chickens, and turkeys.

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10
Q 
3rd gen Cephalosporins:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
Holes in spectrum.
A

Cefotaxime, Cefovecin, Cefpodoxime, Ceftiofur.
Inhibit enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis.
Bleeding disorders.
Illegal to use extralabel in cattle, swine, chickens, and turkeys.

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11
Q 
4th gen Cephalosporins:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
A

Cefepime.
Bleeding disorders.
Illegal to use extralabel in cattle, swine, chickens, and turkeys.

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12
Q 
Fluoroquinolones:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
Holes in spectrum.
A

Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Marbofloxacin, Pradofloxacin.
Inhibit enzymes for supercoiling thus inhibit DNA replication.
Arthropathy in young, Enro: blindness in cats.
Illegal for extralabel use in food producing animals.
Some Strep, Anaerobes, Spirochetes

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13
Q 
Lincosamides:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
Holes in spectrum.
A

Clindamycin, Lincomycin.
Inhibits protein synthesis via 50S ribosome.
Diarrhea, Clindamycin: dont give to rodents, rabbits, or horses.
VFD required.
Respiratory, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Spirochetes, some Mycoplasma

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14
Q 
Macrolides:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
Holes in spectrum.
A

Erythromycin, Tilmicosin, Tulathromycin, Tylosin.
Inhibits protein synthesis via 50S ribosome.
Tylosin: death to human, rodent, rabbit, and horse.
Erythromycin: don’t give to rodents or rabbit.
VFD needed.
Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, some G- anaerobes, some Mycoplasma

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15
Q 
Phenicols:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
Holes in spectrum.
A

Chloramphenicol, Florfenicol.
Inhibits protein synthesis via 50S ribosome.
Bone marrow suppression. Cloramphenicol: aplastic anemia in humans.
Illegal for extralabel use in food producing animals.
Chloramphenicol: Spirochetes, Mycoplasma.
Florfenicol: only works on G+ aerobes and Resp/Fastidious

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16
Q 
Sulfonamides:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
Holes in spectrum.
A

Sulfadimethoxine, Sulfamethazine, Sulfasalazine.
Inhibit enzymes involved in folic acid production thus inhibit DNA synthesis.
AE: Type 1, 2, 3 hypersensitivities, arthropathy, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatopathy, hypothyroidism, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, skin reactions.
Doberman pinschers are more susceptible.
Illegal for extralabel use in lactating dairy cattle.
See lecture.

17
Q 
Tetracyclines:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
Holes in spectrum.
A

Chlortetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline, Oxyteteracycline.
Inhibit protein synthesis viar 30S ribosome.
Expired drugs are nephrotoxic.
Changing to require VFD.
Some Anaerobes, some Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas

18
Q 
Potentiated sulfonamides:
Drugs.
MOA.
Important AE and CI.
Legalities.
Holes in spectrum.
A

Ormetoprim-sulfadimethoxine, Trimethoprim- sulfadiazine, Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole.
Inhibits enzymes involve in folic acid production thus DNA synthesis.
Decreased thyroid hormone with Doberman pinschers more suceptible.
See lecture.

19
Q

Bacitracin:
MOA.
Important AE and CI.

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis.

Nephrotoxic.

20
Q

Metronidazole:
MOA.
Important AE and CI.

A

Reduced in anaerobic environment to an intermediate that is toxic to cell via altering DNA.
Seizures.

21
Q

Nitrofurans:
MOA.
Important AE and CI.

A

Damage bacterial DNA and proteins.

Respiratory reactions, hemolytic anemia.

22
Q

Polymyxins:
MOA.
Important AE and CI.

A

Detergent to disrupt cell membrane.

Nephrotoxic.

23
Q

Rifampin:
MOA.
Important AE and CI.

A

Inhibit bacterial RNA synthesis.

Hepatotoxicity and pancreatitis.

24
Q

Group 1 cephalosporins:
Drugs
Route of admin
Holes in spectrum

A

Cefazolin, Cephapirin.
Parenteral.
G-, Spirochetes, Mycoplasma.

25
Q

Group 2 cephalosporins:
Drugs
Route of admin
Holes in spectrum

A

Cephalexin.
Oral.
All G-

26
Q

Group 3 cephalosporins:
Drugs
Route of admin
Holes in spectrum

A

Cefoxitin.
Parenteral or oral.
Somer G+ aerobes, Respiratory, Pseudomonas

27
Q

Group 4 cephalosporins:
Drugs
Route of admin
Holes in spectrum

A

Cefotaxime, Ceftiofur, Cefovecin
Parenteral.
Staph aureus, some Pseudomonas, some G- anaerobes

28
Q

Group 5 cephalosporins:
Drugs
Route of admin
Holes in spectrum

A

Cefpodoxime.
Oral.
Staph aureus, Pseudomonas, some G- anaerobes.

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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