- Bupivicaine - Lidocaine - Mepivacaine - Benzocain - Proparacaine "Birtha, Local My Butt Please"

Test 2 Flashcards by Kyra P

Fentanyl

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Schedule # of drug:
Effect:
Contraindications:

Mu opiate agonist (80-100x’s more than morphine)
AE: sedation, constipation, bradyardia, resp. distress, dangerous behavior in horses
Schedule II controlled drug
Effect: Analgesic, Opiate
Contra: chronic use leads to tolerance and dependance

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Hydromorphine

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Schedule # of drug:
Effect:
Contraindications:

Mu opiate agonist (6-7 x’s of morphine) (Kappa receptor??)
AE: sedation, panting, constipation, urinary retention, bradycardia; hypersalivation in cats, dangerous behavior in horses
Schedule II controlled drug
Analgesic, opiate
may cause AV block in some patients, cats, horses more sens. to excitement, may cause bradycardia

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Morphine

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Schedule # of drug:
Effect:
Contraindications:

Mu opiate agonist, Kappa partial agonist

AE: sedation, panting, vomiting, constipation, bradyardia, respiratory depression. in horses: ileus, CNS stimulation, dangerous behavior
schedule II controlled drug
analgesic, opiate
cats and horses more prone to excitement

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Acronym for Opiate Agonists - reducing pain

Can (codeine)
Fen (Fentanyl)
Hide (hydromorphine)
me (morphine)

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partial opiate agonists

Buprenorophine
Nalbuphine
Butorphanol

“BNB”

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Buprenorphine

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Schedule # of drug:
Effect:
Contraindications:

Partial Mu agonist, Kappa antagonist (25x potent morphine)
sedation, Horses: excitement, shifting, decreased GI motility
Schedule III controlled drug
Effect: analgesic, opiate
may require more naloxone for reversal; excitement in horses

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Butorphanol

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Schedule # of drug:
Effect:
Contraindications:

partial mu antagonist, kappa agonist (80-100x’s morphine)
AE: sedation, resp. depression, bradycardia, dysphoria in cats
Schedule 4 controlled drug
Effect: analgesic/opiate
CI: use in birds rqrs much higher doses as clears faster

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Opiate Antagonists

Naloxone

- Naltrexone

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Naloxone

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

opioid antagonist at mu, kappa and delta
AE: tachycardia, hypertension, excitement, cardiac arrythmias
opioid antagonist - reversal
CI: don’t give to an animal w/pain, extreme rxns due to blockage of endogenous opioids

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Naltrexone

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

Opioid antagonist at mu, kappa and delta
AE: none
Effect: opioid antagonist - reversal
CI: Not for animals in pain

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Opiod Like drugs

Tramadol

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Tramadol

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

MOA - Mu, alpha2 and serotonin agonist, muscarinic antagonist
AE - Cats: vomiting, euphoria; Horses: agitation, decrease gut sounds; Dogs: sedation
Effect: analgesic
CI: Careful w/other CNS drugs, caution w/renal dz or seizure disorders

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Local Anesthetics:

Bupivicaine
Lidocaine
Mepivacaine
Benzocain
Proparacaine

“Birtha, Local My Butt Please”

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Bupivacaine

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

MOA: inhibits sodium channels
AE: tremors, convulsions, arrythmias, bradycardia
Effect: Local anesthetic
CI: provide resp. support when using for epidural anesthesia

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Lidocaine

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

MOA: Inhibits nerve conduction via NA channel blockade
AE: tremors, twitches, seizures, vomiting, death in cats, cardiac arrythmias, horses: muscle fasculations, rapid eye blinking, anxiety, ataxia, weakness
Effect: local anesthetic, prokinetic and antiarrythmic
CI: lower doses in cats, clearance is lower under anesthesia

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Mepivacaine

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

MOA: Blocks sodium channels
AE: tremors, convulsions, resp paralysis at high doses
effect: Local anesthetic
CI: None

Pyrethrin

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

MOA: inhibits neurotrans. of na channels resulting in paralysis and death
AE: wide safety margin, topical irritation possible
Effect: used w/synergists, pesticide
CI: NONE

Premethrin

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

MOA: inhib. neurotransmission of Na channels resulting in paralysis/death
AE: weide safety margin, topical irritation may occur
Effect: rapidly kills adult fleas, other insects on dogs, horse, cows, small rum. and poultry (synthetic analogue of pyrethrin).
CI: DO NOT USE IN CATS

Indoxacarb

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

MOA: irreversible hyperactivation of voltage gated Na channels in insect nn. Given in inactive form, activated by insect
AE: minimal hypersalivation if licked, rarely GI/ neuro signs in cats
Effect: prevents and kills adult fleas on dogs and cats
CI: None

Fipronil

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

MOA: blocks GABA gated Cl- channels leading to flea seizure and death
AE: don’t ingest orally, animals may itch or salivate if licked
Effect: kills adult fleas, ticks, chewing lice, aids in control of sarcoptic mange
CI: min. age = 10-12 wks, otherwise VERY SAFE (even preg, etc)

Acronym for Pesticides altering Ion permeability

FIP-P

Fipronil
Indoxacarb
Pyrethrin
Permethrin

Pesticides targeting Nerve receptors:

Acronym:
Drugs:

SIND

Spinosad
Imidacloprid
Nitenpyram
Dinotefuran

Imidacloprid

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

MOA: Irreversible binds nicotinic (Ach) receptors leading to seizures
AE: Safe, no binding as diff. receptors
Effect: kills adult fleas by contact/ingestion
CI: NONE

Nitenpyram

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

MOA: inhib post synaptic nicotinic Ach receptors to produce an influx of Na ions
AE: NONE; capstar dance when fleas fall off but not adverse
Effect: kills adult fleas; very rapid, gone w/in24 hrs
CI: not on small animals less than 2lbs, younger than 4 wks

Dinotefuran MOA Adverse Effects: Effect: Contraindications:

- MOA: inhib. nicotinic ach receptors, causes flea to stop eating/die - AE: none - Effect: adults fleas and ticks in dogs, fleas in cats - CI: none, don't use combo products on cats (Vectra 3d), only dogs

Spinosad MOA Adverse Effects: Effect: Contraindications:

- MOA: spinosyn A+D activates nicotinic Ach receptors causing mm contracionts, tremors, paralysis and death - AE: occasional vomiting - Effect: fleas - CI: don't use w/high dose ivermectin for demodex, use caution in prego/breeding

Pesticides that disrupt the life cycle:

- S-Methoprene - Pyriproxyen - Diflubenzuron - Lufenuron "LPS'D"

S-Methoprene, Pyriproxyfen, Diflubenzuron MOA Adverse Effects: Effect: Contraindications:

- MOA: mimics juvenile hormones that keep larae from molting/maturing - AE: NONE - Effect: interrupts life cycle of juvenile fleas and kills eggs in poo when is used as a feed additive - CI: NONE

Lufenuron MOA Adverse Effects: Effect: Contraindications:

- MOA: inhibits Chitin synth. preventing hatching of flea eggs, no effect on adult fleas - AE: Toxicity can occur at high doses, sens. found in MDR gene mut. leads to CNS signs - Effect: female flea ingests and eggs/pupa have defective Chitin so don't mature - CI: NONE

Ivermectin MOA Adverse Effects: Effect: Contraindications:

- MOA: inc. rls of inhib neurotrans leading to flaccid paralysis, affects glutamate gated cl- channels - AE: toxicity may occur in breeds w/MDR gene mutation, Chelonians are sensative - Effect: adult larval nematodes and arthropods in mammals/birds - CI: not younger than 6 wks, excretes in milk

Doramectin MOA Adverse Effects: Effect: Contraindications:

- MOA: inc. rls of inhib neurotransmitters leads to flaccid paralysis; affects glutamate gated chloride channels - AE: WDR mutant breeds are susceptible - Effect: nematodes and ext. parasites in cattle/swine - CI: only approved in cattle/swine

Eprinomectin MOA Adverse Effects: Effect: Contraindications:

- MOA: incr. rls of inhib. neurotrans. leading to flaccid paralysis; affects glutamate gated chloride channels - AE: WDR mutant breeds are susceptible, bld levels remain high for 140 days - CI: Not for dairy cattle

Milbemycin MOA Adverse Effects: Effect: Contraindications:

- MOA: inc. rls of neuro. lead to flaccid paralysis; affects glutamate gated cl- channels - AE: toxicity may occur in bred w/MDR gene mutation, chelonians are sensative - Effect: heat worms, GI, nematodes, ascarids in dogs/cats - CI: not for young, transmitted in milk

Moxidectin MOA Adverse Effects: Effect: Contraindications:

- MOA: inc. rls of inhib neur. lead to flaccid paralysis; affects glutamate gated cl- channels - AE: WDR mutant susceptible, can x BBB in malnourished animals leading to flaccid paralaysis of host - Effect: nematodes and ectoparasites (horses, cattle, sheep, dogs) - CI: not for young, trans in milk, not for emaciated animals

Selamectin MOA Adverse Effects: Effect: Contraindications:

- MOA: inc. rls of inhib. neuro lead to flaccid paralysis; affects glutamate gated cl-channels - AE: WDR mutant breeds susceptible, transient alopecia, nasea, lethargy, salivation, trachypnea, tremors - Effect: Heartworm, arthropods, GI nematodes - CI: not dogs less 6 wks old, cats less

Codeine MOA Schedule # of drug Side Effects:

Mu Opiate agonist (Kappa too?) Schedule II controlled drug SE: Sedation, constipation, bradycardia, resp. distress

Nalbuphine MOA

Mu antagonist, kappa agonist