Test 2 Flashcards
Fentanyl
MOA Adverse Effects: Schedule # of drug: Effect: Contraindications:
Mu opiate agonist (80-100x’s more than morphine)
AE: sedation, constipation, bradyardia, resp. distress, dangerous behavior in horses
Schedule II controlled drug
Effect: Analgesic, Opiate
Contra: chronic use leads to tolerance and dependance
Hydromorphine
MOA Adverse Effects: Schedule # of drug: Effect: Contraindications:
- Mu opiate agonist (6-7 x’s of morphine) (Kappa receptor??)
- AE: sedation, panting, constipation, urinary retention, bradycardia; hypersalivation in cats, dangerous behavior in horses
- Schedule II controlled drug
- Analgesic, opiate
- may cause AV block in some patients, cats, horses more sens. to excitement, may cause bradycardia
Morphine
MOA Adverse Effects: Schedule # of drug: Effect: Contraindications:
Mu opiate agonist, Kappa partial agonist
- AE: sedation, panting, vomiting, constipation, bradyardia, respiratory depression. in horses: ileus, CNS stimulation, dangerous behavior
- schedule II controlled drug
- analgesic, opiate
- cats and horses more prone to excitement
Acronym for Opiate Agonists - reducing pain
- Can (codeine)
- Fen (Fentanyl)
- Hide (hydromorphine)
- me (morphine)
partial opiate agonists
- Buprenorophine
- Nalbuphine
- Butorphanol
“BNB”
Buprenorphine
MOA Adverse Effects: Schedule # of drug: Effect: Contraindications:
- Partial Mu agonist, Kappa antagonist (25x potent morphine)
- sedation, Horses: excitement, shifting, decreased GI motility
- Schedule III controlled drug
- Effect: analgesic, opiate
- may require more naloxone for reversal; excitement in horses
Butorphanol
MOA Adverse Effects: Schedule # of drug: Effect: Contraindications:
- partial mu antagonist, kappa agonist (80-100x’s morphine)
- AE: sedation, resp. depression, bradycardia, dysphoria in cats
- Schedule 4 controlled drug
- Effect: analgesic/opiate
- CI: use in birds rqrs much higher doses as clears faster
Opiate Antagonists
- Naloxone
- Naltrexone
Naloxone
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- opioid antagonist at mu, kappa and delta
- AE: tachycardia, hypertension, excitement, cardiac arrythmias
- opioid antagonist - reversal
- CI: don’t give to an animal w/pain, extreme rxns due to blockage of endogenous opioids
Naltrexone
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- Opioid antagonist at mu, kappa and delta
- AE: none
- Effect: opioid antagonist - reversal
- CI: Not for animals in pain
Opiod Like drugs
Tramadol
Tramadol
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA - Mu, alpha2 and serotonin agonist, muscarinic antagonist
- AE - Cats: vomiting, euphoria; Horses: agitation, decrease gut sounds; Dogs: sedation
- Effect: analgesic
- CI: Careful w/other CNS drugs, caution w/renal dz or seizure disorders
Local Anesthetics:
- Bupivicaine
- Lidocaine
- Mepivacaine
- Benzocain
- Proparacaine
“Birtha, Local My Butt Please”
Bupivacaine
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: inhibits sodium channels
- AE: tremors, convulsions, arrythmias, bradycardia
- Effect: Local anesthetic
- CI: provide resp. support when using for epidural anesthesia
Lidocaine
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: Inhibits nerve conduction via NA channel blockade
- AE: tremors, twitches, seizures, vomiting, death in cats, cardiac arrythmias, horses: muscle fasculations, rapid eye blinking, anxiety, ataxia, weakness
- Effect: local anesthetic, prokinetic and antiarrythmic
- CI: lower doses in cats, clearance is lower under anesthesia
Mepivacaine
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: Blocks sodium channels
- AE: tremors, convulsions, resp paralysis at high doses
- effect: Local anesthetic
- CI: None
Pyrethrin
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: inhibits neurotrans. of na channels resulting in paralysis and death
- AE: wide safety margin, topical irritation possible
- Effect: used w/synergists, pesticide
- CI: NONE
Premethrin
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: inhib. neurotransmission of Na channels resulting in paralysis/death
- AE: weide safety margin, topical irritation may occur
- Effect: rapidly kills adult fleas, other insects on dogs, horse, cows, small rum. and poultry (synthetic analogue of pyrethrin).
- CI: DO NOT USE IN CATS
Indoxacarb
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: irreversible hyperactivation of voltage gated Na channels in insect nn. Given in inactive form, activated by insect
- AE: minimal hypersalivation if licked, rarely GI/ neuro signs in cats
- Effect: prevents and kills adult fleas on dogs and cats
- CI: None
Fipronil
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: blocks GABA gated Cl- channels leading to flea seizure and death
- AE: don’t ingest orally, animals may itch or salivate if licked
- Effect: kills adult fleas, ticks, chewing lice, aids in control of sarcoptic mange
- CI: min. age = 10-12 wks, otherwise VERY SAFE (even preg, etc)
Acronym for Pesticides altering Ion permeability
FIP-P
Fipronil
Indoxacarb
Pyrethrin
Permethrin
Pesticides targeting Nerve receptors:
Acronym:
Drugs:
SIND
- Spinosad
- Imidacloprid
- Nitenpyram
- Dinotefuran
Imidacloprid
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: Irreversible binds nicotinic (Ach) receptors leading to seizures
- AE: Safe, no binding as diff. receptors
- Effect: kills adult fleas by contact/ingestion
- CI: NONE
Nitenpyram
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: inhib post synaptic nicotinic Ach receptors to produce an influx of Na ions
- AE: NONE; capstar dance when fleas fall off but not adverse
- Effect: kills adult fleas; very rapid, gone w/in24 hrs
- CI: not on small animals less than 2lbs, younger than 4 wks
Dinotefuran
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: inhib. nicotinic ach receptors, causes flea to stop eating/die
- AE: none
- Effect: adults fleas and ticks in dogs, fleas in cats
- CI: none, don’t use combo products on cats (Vectra 3d), only dogs
Spinosad
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: spinosyn A+D activates nicotinic Ach receptors causing mm contracionts, tremors, paralysis and death
- AE: occasional vomiting
- Effect: fleas
- CI: don’t use w/high dose ivermectin for demodex, use caution in prego/breeding
Pesticides that disrupt the life cycle:
- S-Methoprene
- Pyriproxyen
- Diflubenzuron
- Lufenuron
“LPS’D”
S-Methoprene, Pyriproxyfen, Diflubenzuron
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: mimics juvenile hormones that keep larae from molting/maturing
- AE: NONE
- Effect: interrupts life cycle of juvenile fleas and kills eggs in poo when is used as a feed additive
- CI: NONE
Lufenuron
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: inhibits Chitin synth. preventing hatching of flea eggs, no effect on adult fleas
- AE: Toxicity can occur at high doses, sens. found in MDR gene mut. leads to CNS signs
- Effect: female flea ingests and eggs/pupa have defective Chitin so don’t mature
- CI: NONE
Ivermectin
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: inc. rls of inhib neurotrans leading to flaccid paralysis, affects glutamate gated cl- channels
- AE: toxicity may occur in breeds w/MDR gene mutation, Chelonians are sensative
- Effect: adult larval nematodes and arthropods in mammals/birds
- CI: not younger than 6 wks, excretes in milk
Doramectin
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: inc. rls of inhib neurotransmitters leads to flaccid paralysis; affects glutamate gated chloride channels
- AE: WDR mutant breeds are susceptible
- Effect: nematodes and ext. parasites in cattle/swine
- CI: only approved in cattle/swine
Eprinomectin
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: incr. rls of inhib. neurotrans. leading to flaccid paralysis; affects glutamate gated chloride channels
- AE: WDR mutant breeds are susceptible, bld levels remain high for 140 days
- CI: Not for dairy cattle
Milbemycin
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: inc. rls of neuro. lead to flaccid paralysis; affects glutamate gated cl- channels
- AE: toxicity may occur in bred w/MDR gene mutation, chelonians are sensative
- Effect: heat worms, GI, nematodes, ascarids in dogs/cats
- CI: not for young, transmitted in milk
Moxidectin
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: inc. rls of inhib neur. lead to flaccid paralysis; affects glutamate gated cl- channels
- AE: WDR mutant susceptible, can x BBB in malnourished animals leading to flaccid paralaysis of host
- Effect: nematodes and ectoparasites (horses, cattle, sheep, dogs)
- CI: not for young, trans in milk, not for emaciated animals
Selamectin
MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:
- MOA: inc. rls of inhib. neuro lead to flaccid paralysis; affects glutamate gated cl-channels
- AE: WDR mutant breeds susceptible, transient alopecia, nasea, lethargy, salivation, trachypnea, tremors
- Effect: Heartworm, arthropods, GI nematodes
- CI: not dogs less 6 wks old, cats less
Codeine
MOA
Schedule # of drug
Side Effects:
Mu Opiate agonist (Kappa too?)
Schedule II controlled drug
SE: Sedation, constipation, bradycardia, resp. distress
Nalbuphine
MOA
Mu antagonist, kappa agonist
