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Pharmacology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Fentanyl

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Schedule # of drug:
Effect:
Contraindications:
A

Mu opiate agonist (80-100x’s more than morphine)
AE: sedation, constipation, bradyardia, resp. distress, dangerous behavior in horses
Schedule II controlled drug
Effect: Analgesic, Opiate
Contra: chronic use leads to tolerance and dependance

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2
Q

Hydromorphine

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Schedule # of drug:
Effect:
Contraindications:
A
  • Mu opiate agonist (6-7 x’s of morphine) (Kappa receptor??)
  • AE: sedation, panting, constipation, urinary retention, bradycardia; hypersalivation in cats, dangerous behavior in horses
  • Schedule II controlled drug
  • Analgesic, opiate
  • may cause AV block in some patients, cats, horses more sens. to excitement, may cause bradycardia
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3
Q

Morphine

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Schedule # of drug:
Effect:
Contraindications:
A

Mu opiate agonist, Kappa partial agonist

  • AE: sedation, panting, vomiting, constipation, bradyardia, respiratory depression. in horses: ileus, CNS stimulation, dangerous behavior
  • schedule II controlled drug
  • analgesic, opiate
  • cats and horses more prone to excitement
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4
Q

Acronym for Opiate Agonists - reducing pain

A
  • Can (codeine)
  • Fen (Fentanyl)
  • Hide (hydromorphine)
  • me (morphine)
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5
Q

partial opiate agonists

A
  • Buprenorophine
  • Nalbuphine
  • Butorphanol

“BNB”

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6
Q

Buprenorphine

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Schedule # of drug:
Effect:
Contraindications:
A
  • Partial Mu agonist, Kappa antagonist (25x potent morphine)
  • sedation, Horses: excitement, shifting, decreased GI motility
  • Schedule III controlled drug
  • Effect: analgesic, opiate
  • may require more naloxone for reversal; excitement in horses
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7
Q

Butorphanol

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Schedule # of drug:
Effect:
Contraindications:
A
  • partial mu antagonist, kappa agonist (80-100x’s morphine)
  • AE: sedation, resp. depression, bradycardia, dysphoria in cats
  • Schedule 4 controlled drug
  • Effect: analgesic/opiate
  • CI: use in birds rqrs much higher doses as clears faster
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8
Q

Opiate Antagonists

A
  • Naloxone

- Naltrexone

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9
Q

Naloxone

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • opioid antagonist at mu, kappa and delta
  • AE: tachycardia, hypertension, excitement, cardiac arrythmias
  • opioid antagonist - reversal
  • CI: don’t give to an animal w/pain, extreme rxns due to blockage of endogenous opioids
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10
Q

Naltrexone

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • Opioid antagonist at mu, kappa and delta
  • AE: none
  • Effect: opioid antagonist - reversal
  • CI: Not for animals in pain
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11
Q

Opiod Like drugs

A

Tramadol

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12
Q

Tramadol

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA - Mu, alpha2 and serotonin agonist, muscarinic antagonist
  • AE - Cats: vomiting, euphoria; Horses: agitation, decrease gut sounds; Dogs: sedation
  • Effect: analgesic
  • CI: Careful w/other CNS drugs, caution w/renal dz or seizure disorders
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13
Q

Local Anesthetics:

A
  • Bupivicaine
  • Lidocaine
  • Mepivacaine
  • Benzocain
  • Proparacaine

“Birtha, Local My Butt Please”

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14
Q

Bupivacaine

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: inhibits sodium channels
  • AE: tremors, convulsions, arrythmias, bradycardia
  • Effect: Local anesthetic
  • CI: provide resp. support when using for epidural anesthesia
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15
Q

Lidocaine

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: Inhibits nerve conduction via NA channel blockade
  • AE: tremors, twitches, seizures, vomiting, death in cats, cardiac arrythmias, horses: muscle fasculations, rapid eye blinking, anxiety, ataxia, weakness
  • Effect: local anesthetic, prokinetic and antiarrythmic
  • CI: lower doses in cats, clearance is lower under anesthesia
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16
Q

Mepivacaine

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: Blocks sodium channels
  • AE: tremors, convulsions, resp paralysis at high doses
  • effect: Local anesthetic
  • CI: None
17
Q

Pyrethrin

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: inhibits neurotrans. of na channels resulting in paralysis and death
  • AE: wide safety margin, topical irritation possible
  • Effect: used w/synergists, pesticide
  • CI: NONE
18
Q

Premethrin

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: inhib. neurotransmission of Na channels resulting in paralysis/death
  • AE: weide safety margin, topical irritation may occur
  • Effect: rapidly kills adult fleas, other insects on dogs, horse, cows, small rum. and poultry (synthetic analogue of pyrethrin).
  • CI: DO NOT USE IN CATS
19
Q

Indoxacarb

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: irreversible hyperactivation of voltage gated Na channels in insect nn. Given in inactive form, activated by insect
  • AE: minimal hypersalivation if licked, rarely GI/ neuro signs in cats
  • Effect: prevents and kills adult fleas on dogs and cats
  • CI: None
20
Q

Fipronil

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: blocks GABA gated Cl- channels leading to flea seizure and death
  • AE: don’t ingest orally, animals may itch or salivate if licked
  • Effect: kills adult fleas, ticks, chewing lice, aids in control of sarcoptic mange
  • CI: min. age = 10-12 wks, otherwise VERY SAFE (even preg, etc)
21
Q

Acronym for Pesticides altering Ion permeability

A

FIP-P

Fipronil
Indoxacarb
Pyrethrin
Permethrin

22
Q

Pesticides targeting Nerve receptors:

Acronym:
Drugs:

A

SIND

  • Spinosad
  • Imidacloprid
  • Nitenpyram
  • Dinotefuran
23
Q

Imidacloprid

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: Irreversible binds nicotinic (Ach) receptors leading to seizures
  • AE: Safe, no binding as diff. receptors
  • Effect: kills adult fleas by contact/ingestion
  • CI: NONE
24
Q

Nitenpyram

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: inhib post synaptic nicotinic Ach receptors to produce an influx of Na ions
  • AE: NONE; capstar dance when fleas fall off but not adverse
  • Effect: kills adult fleas; very rapid, gone w/in24 hrs
  • CI: not on small animals less than 2lbs, younger than 4 wks
25
Q

Dinotefuran

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: inhib. nicotinic ach receptors, causes flea to stop eating/die
  • AE: none
  • Effect: adults fleas and ticks in dogs, fleas in cats
  • CI: none, don’t use combo products on cats (Vectra 3d), only dogs
26
Q

Spinosad

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: spinosyn A+D activates nicotinic Ach receptors causing mm contracionts, tremors, paralysis and death
  • AE: occasional vomiting
  • Effect: fleas
  • CI: don’t use w/high dose ivermectin for demodex, use caution in prego/breeding
27
Q

Pesticides that disrupt the life cycle:

A
  • S-Methoprene
  • Pyriproxyen
  • Diflubenzuron
  • Lufenuron

“LPS’D”

28
Q

S-Methoprene, Pyriproxyfen, Diflubenzuron

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: mimics juvenile hormones that keep larae from molting/maturing
  • AE: NONE
  • Effect: interrupts life cycle of juvenile fleas and kills eggs in poo when is used as a feed additive
  • CI: NONE
29
Q

Lufenuron

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: inhibits Chitin synth. preventing hatching of flea eggs, no effect on adult fleas
  • AE: Toxicity can occur at high doses, sens. found in MDR gene mut. leads to CNS signs
  • Effect: female flea ingests and eggs/pupa have defective Chitin so don’t mature
  • CI: NONE
30
Q

Ivermectin

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: inc. rls of inhib neurotrans leading to flaccid paralysis, affects glutamate gated cl- channels
  • AE: toxicity may occur in breeds w/MDR gene mutation, Chelonians are sensative
  • Effect: adult larval nematodes and arthropods in mammals/birds
  • CI: not younger than 6 wks, excretes in milk
31
Q

Doramectin

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: inc. rls of inhib neurotransmitters leads to flaccid paralysis; affects glutamate gated chloride channels
  • AE: WDR mutant breeds are susceptible
  • Effect: nematodes and ext. parasites in cattle/swine
  • CI: only approved in cattle/swine
32
Q

Eprinomectin

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: incr. rls of inhib. neurotrans. leading to flaccid paralysis; affects glutamate gated chloride channels
  • AE: WDR mutant breeds are susceptible, bld levels remain high for 140 days
  • CI: Not for dairy cattle
33
Q

Milbemycin

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: inc. rls of neuro. lead to flaccid paralysis; affects glutamate gated cl- channels
  • AE: toxicity may occur in bred w/MDR gene mutation, chelonians are sensative
  • Effect: heat worms, GI, nematodes, ascarids in dogs/cats
  • CI: not for young, transmitted in milk
34
Q

Moxidectin

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: inc. rls of inhib neur. lead to flaccid paralysis; affects glutamate gated cl- channels
  • AE: WDR mutant susceptible, can x BBB in malnourished animals leading to flaccid paralaysis of host
  • Effect: nematodes and ectoparasites (horses, cattle, sheep, dogs)
  • CI: not for young, trans in milk, not for emaciated animals
35
Q

Selamectin

MOA
Adverse Effects:
Effect:
Contraindications:

A
  • MOA: inc. rls of inhib. neuro lead to flaccid paralysis; affects glutamate gated cl-channels
  • AE: WDR mutant breeds susceptible, transient alopecia, nasea, lethargy, salivation, trachypnea, tremors
  • Effect: Heartworm, arthropods, GI nematodes
  • CI: not dogs less 6 wks old, cats less
36
Q

Codeine

MOA
Schedule # of drug
Side Effects:

A

Mu Opiate agonist (Kappa too?)
Schedule II controlled drug
SE: Sedation, constipation, bradycardia, resp. distress

37
Q

Nalbuphine

MOA

A

Mu antagonist, kappa agonist

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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