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comm 102 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Rhetoric

A

all available means of persuasion

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2
Q

Sophists

A

motivated “The Rhetoric”

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3
Q

Kairos

A
  • timing

- there is a right time to deliver a persuasive message

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4
Q

Public

A

The commonality among people that is based on consumption of common tex

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5
Q

Public Sphere

A

-a common place where ideas and information are exchanged

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6
Q

Address

A

the relationship betwen the speaker & the audience

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7
Q

Problematic Vagueness

A

a word/expression has an imprecise or unclear meaning

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8
Q

Problematic Ambiguity

A

a word/expression has multiple meanings

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9
Q

Syllogism

A

formal statement where two true premises equal a third.
-3 part deductive argument

Ex) All the people in this room are students (major premise)

  • you are this room (minor)
  • you are a student (conclusion)
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10
Q

Enthymeme

A

-legitimate persuasive arguments that are missing premises
- shorted syllogism
-audience fills in the missing piece
-

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11
Q

Ethos

A

recievers attitude toward source at a particular time

  • AKA credibility
  • in the mind of reciever
  • changes over time
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12
Q

Logos

A

-refers to proof/logic/argument/evidence

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13
Q

Pathos

A

-refers to appealing to the audiences emotions

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14
Q

“The Rhetoric”

A

3 parts: speaker, audience, speech itself

  • Guided by 2 assumptions; 1)consider the audience
    2) use many proofs
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15
Q

3 types of rhetoric

A

deliberative, forensic, epideictic

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16
Q

Deliberative Rhetoric

A
  • (originally) speaking in the legislature
  • speakers must convince aud. to complete or not complete an action
  • future behavior
  • personal identification w/ aud,
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17
Q

Forensic Rhetoric

A

(originally ) speaking in court

  • relies on past behavior
  • elicit feelings of guilt o innoncence
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18
Q

Proofs of rhetoric

A

-ethos, logos, pathos

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19
Q

5 Cannons of Rheotric

A
  • invention
  • arrangement
  • style
  • delivery
  • memory
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20
Q

Invention

A
  • choose the best possible arguments for your case

- creativity

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21
Q

Arrangement

A

-determine the most effective way to organize your arguments

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22
Q

Style

A

-using certain language to present your aguments

23
Q

delivery

A

nonverbally presenting your arguments

24
Q

memory

A

delivering a speech w/o notes & recalling important information during a speech

25
Q

Audience Analysis

A

-our goal is to know enough about your audience to make your ideas clear & meaningful to them
(demographics, situations, adaption)

26
Q

Argumentation

A

-the process of giving a reason in support of a claim

Argument = Reason + Claim

27
Q

Types of Ethos

A
  • initial
  • derived
  • terminal
28
Q

Initial Ethos

A

-credibility assigned to a speaker prior to beginning a communication act

29
Q

Derived Ethos

A

-credibility assigned to a speaker during the act of communication

30
Q

Terminal Ethos

A

-credibility at the end of the communication act

31
Q

Large Immediate Effects

A
  • ethos/ credibility influence many psychilogical, cognitive, effective, & comm outcomes.
32
Q

Small Longterm effects

A
  • high ethos sources lose impact over time

- may need to remind later on

33
Q

5 power bases

A
  • coercive (punishment)
  • reward (benefit)
  • legitimate (assigned role)
  • expert ( competence
  • referent (identification)
34
Q

Improve Credibility

A
  • clarity
  • relevance
  • organization
  • immediacy
  • handling question well
  • facing the audience
  • fluent delivery
35
Q

Proposition of Fact

A

-whether something is true/false, exists/noexists, happend/nohappen

36
Q

Proposition of Value

A

whether somethin is favorable or not, moral or not, fair or not, better/worse

37
Q

Proposition of Policy

A

where someone should or not , door believe something

38
Q

Accurarcy

A

-words should refer to the meaning intended

39
Q

Clarity

A

-words should contribute to audiences understanding

40
Q

Propriety

A

language should be appropriate to the source, topic & audience

41
Q

Economy

A

-use only as many words as necessary to communicate an idea to the audience ( KISS)

42
Q

Vivacity

A

-audience interest depends on the language chosen

Ex) ( metaphor, antithesis, rhyme, isocolon, anaphora)

43
Q

Monroes Motivated Sequence

A
  • attention
  • need
  • satisfaction
  • visualization
  • action
44
Q

Types of Evidence

A

Examples, Statistics, Testimonials

45
Q

Functions of a Theory

A
  • describe
  • explain
  • predict
  • control
46
Q

Questions to Consider when testing truthfulness

A
  • Are the reasons provided true?
  • If the reasons are true, is the claim true?
  • Are there other explanations for the relationship between the claim and the reason? (bad)
47
Q

Common Fallacies

A

-deceptive arguments that appear logical and may seem persuasive, however w/ logical reasoning, they fall apart.

48
Q

Common Fallacies Examples

A
  • appeals to ignorance
  • appeals to mob
  • appeals to emotion
  • ad hominem attack (attack person not ideas)
  • straw man fallacy ( attacking argument did not make)
  • playing with words
  • misuse of authority
49
Q

Fear Appeals

A

present a risk or vulnerability to risk

50
Q

EPPM

A

a theory that predicts responses to fear appeals.

51
Q

`How to use Guilty Appeals

A
  • be subtle
  • use a familiar/likeable source
  • provide east/clear solution to alleviate guilt
  • anticipated guilt -how the audience can avoid guilt in the future
52
Q

Sleeper Effect

A

we remember & think about funny things _ long term

53
Q

Humor Appeals

A
  • humor taps into happiness or joy
  • attention getter
  • can be a distraction
  • effects persuasion

comm 102 (10 decks)

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