Chapter 8 Flashcards
Nonverbal Communication
everything we do to communicate often than the words themselves
Early in Relationships vs More established Relationships
- nonverbal plays a more important role early in relationships, helps us form impressions
- after norms are established, we give less power to these isolated behaviors.
My nonoverbal cues vs YOUR nonverbal cues
- we are mmoe aware of our verbal messages, than nonverbal
- we tend to think of nonverbal as natural, but perceive other nonverbal as more meaningful & intentional.
Forms of Nonverbal Messages
- Physical Appearance
- Kinesics
- Oculesics
- Facial Expressions
- Paralanguage (vocalic)
- Proxemics’ (space)
- chronemics
Physical Appearance
Impact: it’s the first message we send/receive
-we may not initiate interaction w/someone we find unattractive
Physical Aspects that communicate: dress, clothing, hair color. They communicate status, intelligence, fashion..etc
Advantages of Physical Attractiveness
- viewed as more intelligent
- less like to be arrested, serve full term
- perceived as socially skilled
Disadvantages of Physical Attractiveness
- perceived as brainless
- not taken seriously
- incompetent
- intimidating
Kinesics
study of body movement
Illustrators
- nonverbal symbols that add meaning to the verbal messages
- ex) a child holds up 2 fingers to say they are 2
Regulators
help w/conversational interaction
ex)raise your hand
Affect Displays
behaviors that shows ones emotional state
Ex)crying, smiling
Adaptors
usually unconscious movements done under times of stress, anxiety, or boredom.
Ex)tap pencils, shake legs
Courtship Readiness
cues we use when we are trying to make a love connection.
Ex)suck in stomach, stand up straight
Oculesics
Eye Movement:-defines the nature of the relationship
- direct eye contact is perceived positively.
- shifting(avoiding) eye contact is perceived negatively.
Facial Expressions: Facial Management Techniques:
-used to control expressions so they will be appropriate for certain circumstances
Intensify
exaggerate your facial expressions, make it seem stronger
Ex)talking to a baby
DE intensify
downplay the emotion you are feeling
Ex)angry with roommate
Neutralize
eliminate all emotions
Ex)poker face
Mask
hold back the emotion you are really feeling and replace it with a more socially desirable
Ex)birthday gift you hate
Paralanguage (vocalics)
- the use of characteristics of the human voice
- everything about our voice except the actual words you say
Ex)pitch, intonation, volume, rate
Proxemics (Space) & Haptics (touch)
-the use of proxemics and haptics to communicate are strongly related because in order to touch someone we have to allow them into our space
Personal Space
- the invisible bubble around us
- when unexpectedly invaded, we feel violated
Status-
person rank in hierarchy
-individuals who are higher in status tend to initiate touch more so than lower status individuals.
Liking
we show that we like another by touching them
Instrumental
-touching for a reason beside relational reasons
Ex)help someone cross the street
Role
-touching someone as part of your job
Ex)doctor, nurse, barber
Type of Touch
how long does it last, the type of force
Ex) gentle pat on the arm, rub on back, slap across face
Location of Touch
-is it a safe area? is it appropriate?
Ex)neck, upper back, arm, shoulders (safe area)
thigh, legs, lower back, face (more threatening)
Relationship with Source
-type and location of touch vary in their appropriateness depending on the relationship.
Ex)mom, boyfriend, girlfriend
Context
where did the touch take place? touch in public is less intimate
Ex) PRT, office, bar, room
Gender Differences related to proxemics and haptics
- women have bigger personal bubbles
- men take up more space and invade others personal bubbles more frequently.
- women are afforded more leniency in terms of invading others space and touching
- male interactions involve larger personal bubbles and less touching
Chronemics
the time we use to communicate
Biological Time Orientations
- circadian rhythms (chronobiology)
- when you function best
Punctuality
being late vs being on time
Circumstantial-job interview vs party
The timing of Messages
-how we sequence information or how rapidly we move from one message to another
Ex)the time to return phone call or email
Nonverbal Sensitivity
when a person is skilled at decoding nonverbal messages
- women are generally more attuned
- men expect people to just come out and say what they mean
Increasing your nonverbal sensitivity
- pay attention
- focus on other person (eliminate distractions)
- watch for eye contact
- listen closely to vocal quality
- notice small things about others behavior
- observe patterns over time to track changes
