Chapter 10

Question 1

intentionality

Answer 1

words have intentional and not so intentional meanings

Question 2

Denotative

Answer 2

-the explicit or official meanings of a word (dictionary meaning)

Question 3

Connotative

Answer 3

the suggested or implied meaning of the word

Question 4

Words as intentional communication

Answer 4

• words are consciously selected and used in an interaction

- we can control our words (its harder to control nonverbals)

Question 5

Words used to wound

Answer 5

• words that hurt, embarrass,shame humiliate, or cause some other kind of pin to another person (hate speech, discriminatory language)
• issues with intentionally

Question 6

Accusatory Language

Answer 6

• words that implies the other is fault, responsible or to blame for a negative occurrence
• “YOU” oriented language (YOU make me so mad)
• Qualified Language: to qualify a statement you insert words or phases which lessen the directness and suggest less certainty

Question 7

Language Intensity

Answer 7

-using words to intentionally shock, revolt or move someone

Desensitization-if we are continually exposed to a word that has “shock value” after a while, the shock will wear off

Question 8

Desensitization

Answer 8

if we are continually exposed to a word that has “shock value” after a while, the shock will wear off

Ex) “love you” with new vs old couples

Question 9

Eupemisms

Answer 9

opposite from shock, term used to soften the impact

Ex)”let go” vs “fired”

Question 10

Powerful and Powerless Language

Answer 10

words that diminish perceptions of the source’s power, status, credibility, competence

Hesitations- “um, er ah”
Hedges- “i guess, maybe, perhaps
Tag Questions- “I’m a good golfer aren’t I?”
Intensifiers- “i like you very very very “”

Question 11

Personality effects on word choice

Answer 11

• people with different personality characteristics use different words
• people who are more trait dominant (on the extreme end) use more intense language to get their ideas across
• human oriented people use humor word choice to get their idea across

Question 12

Situations Affecting Verbal Communication

Answer 12

Context-workplace vs your apartment
-we don’t speak the same way to our best friend vs boss

Source Effects- sometimes we interpret words differently depending on who is saying them
-so considering the source of words can help us understand the words
Ex)best friend calling you a bitch vs stranger

Question 13

Neccessity of Verbal Interaction

Answer 13

• we use words to interact with all people all the time
  -words can be risky (saying i love you for the first time”
  -

Question 14

Assurances

Answer 14

verbal expression that directly tell the partner of your commitment to the relationship
Ex)I’m so glad i’m with you”

Question 15

Vocabulary Development

Answer 15

without words, meanings may be unclear

-discuss what words mean with our partner

Question 16

Link Stages of Relationships

Answer 16

• as relationships grow closer, language tend to change from informal to casual
• Idiosyncratic language is the development of words with special meaning between relational partners
• nicknames are created
• word denote stages “My friend Bill” vs My Boyfriend Bill

Question 17

Conclusions about verbal interaction

Answer 17

• words are essential part of relationships

- words are symbols that we select to express our feelings, thoughts, and ideas

Question 18

Functions of Listening

Answer 18

Informational, Job Related, Relational

Question 19

Informational

Answer 19

listen to get information from other people

Ex) driving directions,

Question 20

Job Related

Answer 20

-sometimes our job is to listen

Ex)counselors, food server

Question 21

Relational

Answer 21

• listening is imperative in relations, it helps us learn about our partners interpersonal needs
• listening needs to be a reciprocal activity
• poor listeners are poor communicators.

Question 22

Components of Listening

Answer 22

attention, reception, and perception

Question 23

Attention

Answer 23

• most listening is paying attention
• it is motivational, we attentively listen when we believe information will help us
• we pay attention to familiar information
• Schemas ( patterns of organizing information) help us pay attention
• women pay more attention, direct eye contact,

Question 24

Reception

Answer 24

• the hearing aspect of listening
• its possible to hear someone and not listen
• hearing loss is the largest type of disability

Question 25

Perception

Answer 25

• how we understand and interpret the messages we have received
• Selective perception occurs when our interpretation is biased by self defensiveness
• we perceive ourselves as more competent
• we hold stereotypes
• emotional laden language_ words that heighten our emotional responses and disrupt information processing
• we like a source = positive