Test 2 Flashcards
What stimulates amino acid metabolism?
excess protein and not enough energy
When an amino acid is catabolized, what happens?
it is split into an alpha ketoacid and an amino group
What does the amino group attach to to create glutamate?
alpha ketoglutarate
What enzyme and coenzyme is used to convert alpha ketoglutarate to glutamate?
transaminase, pyridoxal phosphate
What is glutamate considered?
a donor
What happens when glutamate has another amino group attached to it?
it gets turned into glutamine by glutamine synthase
Where does glutamine go? What happens to it when it gets there?
it goes to liver or the kidneys, an amino group comes off glutamine and turns back into glutamate
What is oxidative deamination?
glutamate gets turned into an amino group and alpha ketoglutarate by glutamate dehydrogenase
When glutamate gets turned into amino group and alpha ketoglutarate, what is the overall process called?
oxidative deamination
Where does the alpha ketoacid go?
it depends on the demand, it could go to Krebs, GNG, or fat synthesis
What amino acids can the muscle break down?
Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine, Asparagine, Alanine, Glutamate
Describe what alanine aminotransferase do?
it takes glutamate and pyruvate and turns it into alpha ketoglutarate and alanine, respectively.
What happens to alanine?
it gets transferred through the blood and to the liver where it combines with alpha ketoglutarate and they get transferred into pyruvate and glutamate by alanine aminotransferase
What happens to pyruvate in the liver during amino acid metabolism?
it goes through gluconeogenesis and back to the muscle
What happens to glutamate in the liver during amino acid metabolism?
the amino group gets taken off glutamate and gets taken to the urea cycle
