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biology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
0
Q

Food

A

The chemical energy that organisms need.

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1
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work.

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2
Q

Autotrophs

A

Organisms that make their own food.

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3
Q

Photosynthesis

A

When Autotrophs use sunlight to make food

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4
Q

Producers

A

Another word for autotrophs

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5
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Living things that cannot make their own food.

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6
Q

Consumers

A

Another word for heterotrophs

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7
Q

Glucose.

A

A simple carb with the chemical formula C6 H12 O6.

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8
Q

ATP

A

The energy carrying molecule that cells use for energy.

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9
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The process in which glucose is broken down and ATP is made.

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10
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis.

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy > C6H12O6 + 6O2

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11
Q

What is Cell division

A

When the parent cell divides into two daughter cells

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12
Q

Binary fission

A

When prokaryotic cells divide

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13
Q

DNA replication

A

When the DNA is replaced just before the cell divides.

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14
Q

Mitosis

A

A multiphase process when the nucleus divides

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15
Q

The cell cycle

A

A repeating series of events that include growth, DNA replication and cell division.

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16
Q

Interphase

A

Phases G1, S and G2

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17
Q

Growth phase 1(G1)

A

When the cell grows rapidly

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18
Q

Synthesis phase (S)

A

When the cells DNA is copied

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19
Q

Growth phase 2 (G2)

A

The cell prepares to divide and makes proteins and organelles.

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20
Q

Cancer

A

A disease that occurs when abnormal cells divide uncontrollably.

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21
Q

Tumor

A

When cancer cells form a mass of abnormal cells

22
Q

Chromosomes

A

Coiled structures made of DNA and proteins.

23
Q

Chromatin

A

When DNA is not coiled into chromosomes

24
Q

Chromatids

A

DNA before cell division.

25
Q

Centromere

A

A region that the chromatids are attached to

26
Q

Genes

A

The genetic instructions inside a chromosome

27
Q

Homologous chromosomes.

A

Chromosomes in a pair

28
Q

What are the four phases of mitosis.

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.

29
Q

Asexual reproduction.

A

Involves a singe parent.

Offspring are identical to each other and to parent.

30
Q

Sexual reproduction.

A

Involves two parents.

Offspring look similar but now identical

31
Q

Gametes.

A

Reproductive cells. Haploids

32
Q

Haploid.

A

Contains only half the chromosomes.

33
Q

Fertilization

A

When two gametes unite.

34
Q

Zygote

A

A fertilized cell. Diploid cell.

35
Q

Diploid

A

Twice the number of chromosomes.

36
Q

Meiosis.

A

Cell division when the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.

37
Q

Gametogenesis

A

The development of haploid cells into gametes.

38
Q

Crossing-over

A

The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids.

39
Q

Independent assortment.

A

When homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed to daughter cells during meiosis.

40
Q

Life cycle.

A

The series of Events and life stages a organism goes through.

41
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The final stage of cell division. When the cytoplasm splits in two

42
Q

What are the three steps in binary fission.

A
  1. DNA replication.
  2. Chromosome segregation.
  3. Cytokines.
43
Q

Chromosome segregation.

A

When DNA moves to opposite ends of the cell.

44
Q

Chromosomes are made of?

A

Chromatids.

45
Q

Prophase.

A

Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes and nuclear membrane breaks down.

46
Q

Metaphase.

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

47
Q

Anaphase.

A

Sister chromosomes split.

48
Q

Telophase.

A

The chromosomes unfold to form chromatid in the new cells.

49
Q

How is a zygote made.

A

When two gametes unite.

50
Q

Where in the cell does photosynthesis take place.

A

The chloroplasts.

51
Q

How Is cell division different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

A

It’s harder in eukaryotes because they have a nucleus.

52
Q

Mitosis vs. meiosis.

A 
Mitosis = when one cell divides into two cells both with an equal amount of chromosomes. 
Meiosis = one cell divides into four and all cells have half the amount of chromosomes.

biology (11 decks)

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