Chapter 2 - The Chemistry If Life Flashcards
What is a chemical substance?
An element or compound.
What is matter?
Space and mass
What is an element?
A substance that is made of one type of atom and cannot be broken down.
What is a compound?
A substance that consists of two or more atoms.
What holds elements together?
A chemical bond.
What is it called when you change one chemical substance into another?
A chemical reaction.
What is a organic compound?
A compound made of living things.
What is the function and what can you find carbohydrates in?
Function: to take energy to cells and store energy.
Can be found in: sugars and starches.
What is the function and what can you find lipids in?
Function: stores energy and carries messages.
Can be found in: fats and oils
What is the function and what can you find proteins in?
Function: help the cells keep shape, speed up chemical reactions, make up muscle tissue and carry messages.
Can be found in: enzymes and antibodies.
What is the function and what can you find Nucleic acids in?
Function: information for proteins and information from parents to offspring
Can be found in: DNA, RNA
What are saturated fatty acids?
When carbon atoms bond to as many hydrogen atoms as possible.
What are unsaturated fatty acids?
When some carbon bonds to other groups of atoms.
What is Nucleic acid?
An organic compound present in living cells especially DNA and RNA.
What are the three forms of lipids and what do they do?
- Triglycerides- provide energy to animals
- Phospholipids - a major compound of cell membrane.
- Steroids - messengers
What is the compound that forms the basic structural unit of nucleic acid?
Nucleotides.
What us it called when many nucleotides bind together to form a chain?
A polynucleotide.
What three smaller molecules are in nucleotides?
- Sugar.
- Phosphate group.
- Nitrogen base.
What is a reactant?
A substance that starts a chemical reaction.
What is a production?
The result of a chemical reaction.
What is a exothermic reaction?
A chemical reaction that releases energy as heat or light.
What is a endothermic reaction?
A chemical reaction that absorbs heat and light energy.
What is activation energy?
The energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
What is a biochemical reaction?
Chemical reactions that take place inside the cells of living things.
What is metabolism?
the chemical processes that occurs within a living organism in order to maintain life.
What is an enzyme and how does it work?
A protein that speeds up the biochemical reaction. They work by lowering the activation energy.
How much of the earth is covered with water?
75%
What three atoms are in a molecule of water?
1 oxygen and 2 hydrogen.
What is polarity?
A difference in electrical charge between different parts of the molecule.
What is a hydrogen bond?
A bond that forms between different parts of the molecule.
What is pH?
The scale used to measure acidity.
What is the pH of water? ( also the the neutral number)
7
What is a solution with a pH lower then 7?
A acid
What is a solution with a pH higher then 7?
A base
What is the percentage of water in the human body?
70%
