Chapter 2 - The Chemistry If Life

Question 0

What is a chemical substance?

Answer 0

An element or compound.

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Space and mass

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

A substance that is made of one type of atom and cannot be broken down.

Question 3

What is a compound?

Answer 3

A substance that consists of two or more atoms.

Question 4

What holds elements together?

Answer 4

A chemical bond.

Question 5

What is it called when you change one chemical substance into another?

Answer 5

A chemical reaction.

Question 6

What is a organic compound?

Answer 6

A compound made of living things.

Question 7

What is the function and what can you find carbohydrates in?

Answer 7

Function: to take energy to cells and store energy.

Can be found in: sugars and starches.

Question 8

What is the function and what can you find lipids in?

Answer 8

Function: stores energy and carries messages.

Can be found in: fats and oils

Question 9

What is the function and what can you find proteins in?

Answer 9

Function: help the cells keep shape, speed up chemical reactions, make up muscle tissue and carry messages.
Can be found in: enzymes and antibodies.

Question 10

What is the function and what can you find Nucleic acids in?

Answer 10

Function: information for proteins and information from parents to offspring
Can be found in: DNA, RNA

Question 11

What are saturated fatty acids?

Answer 11

When carbon atoms bond to as many hydrogen atoms as possible.

Question 12

What are unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 12

When some carbon bonds to other groups of atoms.

Question 13

What is Nucleic acid?

Answer 13

An organic compound present in living cells especially DNA and RNA.

Question 14

What are the three forms of lipids and what do they do?

Answer 14

1. Triglycerides- provide energy to animals
2. Phospholipids - a major compound of cell membrane.
3. Steroids - messengers

Question 15

What is the compound that forms the basic structural unit of nucleic acid?

Answer 15

Nucleotides.

Question 16

What us it called when many nucleotides bind together to form a chain?

Answer 16

A polynucleotide.

Question 17

What three smaller molecules are in nucleotides?

Answer 17

1. Sugar.
2. Phosphate group.
3. Nitrogen base.

Question 18

What is a reactant?

Answer 18

A substance that starts a chemical reaction.

Question 19

What is a production?

Answer 19

The result of a chemical reaction.

Question 20

What is a exothermic reaction?

Answer 20

A chemical reaction that releases energy as heat or light.

Question 21

What is a endothermic reaction?

Answer 21

A chemical reaction that absorbs heat and light energy.

Question 22

What is activation energy?

Answer 22

The energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

Question 23

What is a biochemical reaction?

Answer 23

Chemical reactions that take place inside the cells of living things.

Question 24

What is metabolism?

Answer 24

the chemical processes that occurs within a living organism in order to maintain life.

Question 25

What is an enzyme and how does it work?

Answer 25

A protein that speeds up the biochemical reaction. They work by lowering the activation energy.

Question 26

How much of the earth is covered with water?

Answer 26

75%

Question 27

What three atoms are in a molecule of water?

Answer 27

1 oxygen and 2 hydrogen.

Question 28

What is polarity?

Answer 28

A difference in electrical charge between different parts of the molecule.

Question 29

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 29

A bond that forms between different parts of the molecule.

Question 30

What is pH?

Answer 30

The scale used to measure acidity.

Question 31

What is the pH of water? ( also the the neutral number)

Answer 31

7

Question 32

What is a solution with a pH lower then 7?

Answer 32

A acid

Question 33

What is a solution with a pH higher then 7?

Answer 33

A base

Question 34

What is the percentage of water in the human body?

Answer 34

70%