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Biology > Chapter 2 - The Chemistry If Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - The Chemistry If Life Flashcards

0
Q

What is a chemical substance?

A

An element or compound.

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

Space and mass

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2
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance that is made of one type of atom and cannot be broken down.

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3
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance that consists of two or more atoms.

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4
Q

What holds elements together?

A

A chemical bond.

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5
Q

What is it called when you change one chemical substance into another?

A

A chemical reaction.

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6
Q

What is a organic compound?

A

A compound made of living things.

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7
Q

What is the function and what can you find carbohydrates in?

A

Function: to take energy to cells and store energy.

Can be found in: sugars and starches.

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8
Q

What is the function and what can you find lipids in?

A

Function: stores energy and carries messages.

Can be found in: fats and oils

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9
Q

What is the function and what can you find proteins in?

A

Function: help the cells keep shape, speed up chemical reactions, make up muscle tissue and carry messages.
Can be found in: enzymes and antibodies.

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10
Q

What is the function and what can you find Nucleic acids in?

A

Function: information for proteins and information from parents to offspring
Can be found in: DNA, RNA

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11
Q

What are saturated fatty acids?

A

When carbon atoms bond to as many hydrogen atoms as possible.

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12
Q

What are unsaturated fatty acids?

A

When some carbon bonds to other groups of atoms.

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13
Q

What is Nucleic acid?

A

An organic compound present in living cells especially DNA and RNA.

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14
Q

What are the three forms of lipids and what do they do?

A
  1. Triglycerides- provide energy to animals
  2. Phospholipids - a major compound of cell membrane.
  3. Steroids - messengers
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15
Q

What is the compound that forms the basic structural unit of nucleic acid?

A

Nucleotides.

16
Q

What us it called when many nucleotides bind together to form a chain?

A

A polynucleotide.

17
Q

What three smaller molecules are in nucleotides?

A
  1. Sugar.
  2. Phosphate group.
  3. Nitrogen base.
18
Q

What is a reactant?

A

A substance that starts a chemical reaction.

19
Q

What is a production?

A

The result of a chemical reaction.

20
Q

What is a exothermic reaction?

A

A chemical reaction that releases energy as heat or light.

21
Q

What is a endothermic reaction?

A

A chemical reaction that absorbs heat and light energy.

22
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

23
Q

What is a biochemical reaction?

A

Chemical reactions that take place inside the cells of living things.

24
Q

What is metabolism?

A

the chemical processes that occurs within a living organism in order to maintain life.

25
Q

What is an enzyme and how does it work?

A

A protein that speeds up the biochemical reaction. They work by lowering the activation energy.

26
Q

How much of the earth is covered with water?

A

75%

27
Q

What three atoms are in a molecule of water?

A

1 oxygen and 2 hydrogen.

28
Q

What is polarity?

A

A difference in electrical charge between different parts of the molecule.

29
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

A bond that forms between different parts of the molecule.

30
Q

What is pH?

A

The scale used to measure acidity.

31
Q

What is the pH of water? ( also the the neutral number)

A

7

32
Q

What is a solution with a pH lower then 7?

A

A acid

33
Q

What is a solution with a pH higher then 7?

A

A base

34
Q

What is the percentage of water in the human body?

A

70%

Biology (11 decks)

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