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Biology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A

A cell with a nucleus.

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1
Q

Organic compound

A

A compound made of organic materials. L.

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2
Q

Haploid cell

A

A cell with half the chromosomes.

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3
Q

Biology

A

The study of life.

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4
Q

Polypeptide

A

Complex carbs.

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5
Q

Metabolism.

A

A chemical process that occurs in the cell of a living thing in order to maintain life.

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6
Q

Biochemical reaction.

A

A chemical reaction that occurs inside the cell.

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7
Q

Heterotroph

A

A organism that can’t produce it’s own food.

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8
Q

Binary fission and the three steps.

A

When procaryotes divide.

  1. DNA replication
  2. Chromosome segregation. DNA moves to opposite sides.
  3. Cytokines. The cytoplasm splits.
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9
Q

Chromosome

A

A could structure of DNA and proteins.

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10
Q

Gregor mandel

A

The father of genetics.

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11
Q

Allele

A

A pair of genes.

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12
Q

Genotype.

A

Alleles that are present.

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13
Q

DNA.

A

The genetic coding inside the nucleus.

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14
Q

Transcription.

A

Coping the genetic process from DNA to RNA.

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15
Q

Pedigree.

A

A diagram showing the linage of an individual.

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16
Q

Multiple allele traits.

A

A trait that is determined by more then one pair of alleles.

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17
Q

Scientific method.

A
  1. Observation
  2. Question
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Tests
  5. Conclusion
  6. Communication
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18
Q

polysaccharide

A

Longer lasting source of energy.
A potato.
A corn.
And a rice.

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19
Q

Nucleic acid.

A

Is in DNA and RNA. Passes instructions.

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20
Q

Endothermic reaction.

A

A chemical reaction that absorbs heat.

21
Q

Enzymes.

A

Simple proteins.

22
Q

Photosynthesis.

A

When autotrophs use light energy and convert it into food.

23
Q

ATP.

A

A molecule used to store energy.

24
Q

Mitosis.

A

Prophase, metaphase,anaphase and telophase.

25
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosome condense into chromatids and membrane breaks down.

26
Q

Metaphase.

A

Chromatids line up at center of cell.

27
Q

Anaphase

A

Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite side of the cell

28
Q

Telophase

A

The chromatids unfold into chromosomes in the new cell.

29
Q

Gene.

A

A sequence of DNA that determines certain characteristics in an individual, like hair and eye color.

30
Q

Diploid cell

A

A cell with double the chromosomes.

31
Q

Sex-linked traits.

A

A trait determined by an allele located on the sex Chromosome.

32
Q

Sex Chromosomes x and y

A

Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual.
Male: y
Female: x

33
Q

Law of segregation.

A

Stating that there are two factors in every trait. One dominate one recessive. Passed through gametes.

34
Q

Homozygote.

A

An allele carrying only one trait.

35
Q

Phenotype.

A

The genetics that show up.

36
Q

RNA

A

A nucleic avid present in all living cells.

37
Q

Translation.

A

The process of converting info from RNA bases to amino acids.

38
Q

Chemical bond.

A

The bond between two or more chemical compounds.

39
Q

Nucleotide.

A

A molecule that DNA and RNA are made of.

40
Q

Exothermic reaction.

A

A chemical reaction that releases heat energy.

41
Q

Prokaryotic cell.

A

A cell without a nucleus.

42
Q

Autotroph.

A

An organism that uses light energy to make food through photosynthesis.

43
Q

Cellular respiration.

A

When the cell turns food into usable energy.

44
Q

Meiosis.

A

Cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid.

45
Q

Gamete.

A

reproductive cell. Haploids.

46
Q

Genetics.

A

The coding inside the nucleus of a cell.

47
Q

Law of Independent assortment.

A

Stating that each genetic trait is passed to offspring independently.

48
Q

Protein synthesis.

A

The creation of proteins in cells that use DNA and RNA.

49
Q

Heterozygote.

A

An allele with two traits.

50
Q

Central dogma of molecular biology.

A

DNA –> RNA –> protein.

51
Q

Base pairs in DNA.

A

Guanine + cytosine.

Thymine + adenine

Biology (11 decks)

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