Exam 1 Flashcards
Eukaryotic cell
A cell with a nucleus.
Organic compound
A compound made of organic materials. L.
Haploid cell
A cell with half the chromosomes.
Biology
The study of life.
Polypeptide
Complex carbs.
Metabolism.
A chemical process that occurs in the cell of a living thing in order to maintain life.
Biochemical reaction.
A chemical reaction that occurs inside the cell.
Heterotroph
A organism that can’t produce it’s own food.
Binary fission and the three steps.
When procaryotes divide.
- DNA replication
- Chromosome segregation. DNA moves to opposite sides.
- Cytokines. The cytoplasm splits.
Chromosome
A could structure of DNA and proteins.
Gregor mandel
The father of genetics.
Allele
A pair of genes.
Genotype.
Alleles that are present.
DNA.
The genetic coding inside the nucleus.
Transcription.
Coping the genetic process from DNA to RNA.
Pedigree.
A diagram showing the linage of an individual.
Multiple allele traits.
A trait that is determined by more then one pair of alleles.
Scientific method.
- Observation
- Question
- Hypothesis
- Tests
- Conclusion
- Communication
polysaccharide
Longer lasting source of energy.
A potato.
A corn.
And a rice.
Nucleic acid.
Is in DNA and RNA. Passes instructions.
Endothermic reaction.
A chemical reaction that absorbs heat.
Enzymes.
Simple proteins.
Photosynthesis.
When autotrophs use light energy and convert it into food.
ATP.
A molecule used to store energy.
Mitosis.
Prophase, metaphase,anaphase and telophase.
Prophase
Chromosome condense into chromatids and membrane breaks down.
Metaphase.
Chromatids line up at center of cell.
Anaphase
Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite side of the cell
Telophase
The chromatids unfold into chromosomes in the new cell.
Gene.
A sequence of DNA that determines certain characteristics in an individual, like hair and eye color.
Diploid cell
A cell with double the chromosomes.
Sex-linked traits.
A trait determined by an allele located on the sex Chromosome.
Sex Chromosomes x and y
Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual.
Male: y
Female: x
Law of segregation.
Stating that there are two factors in every trait. One dominate one recessive. Passed through gametes.
Homozygote.
An allele carrying only one trait.
Phenotype.
The genetics that show up.
RNA
A nucleic avid present in all living cells.
Translation.
The process of converting info from RNA bases to amino acids.
Chemical bond.
The bond between two or more chemical compounds.
Nucleotide.
A molecule that DNA and RNA are made of.
Exothermic reaction.
A chemical reaction that releases heat energy.
Prokaryotic cell.
A cell without a nucleus.
Autotroph.
An organism that uses light energy to make food through photosynthesis.
Cellular respiration.
When the cell turns food into usable energy.
Meiosis.
Cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid.
Gamete.
reproductive cell. Haploids.
Genetics.
The coding inside the nucleus of a cell.
Law of Independent assortment.
Stating that each genetic trait is passed to offspring independently.
Protein synthesis.
The creation of proteins in cells that use DNA and RNA.
Heterozygote.
An allele with two traits.
Central dogma of molecular biology.
DNA –> RNA –> protein.
Base pairs in DNA.
Guanine + cytosine.
Thymine + adenine
