Chapter 3- Cellular Structure and Function Flashcards
What is cytoplasm?
All the cellular material inside the plasma membrane.
What is the plasma membrane? (Also called the cell membrane)
A thin coat if lipids that surrounds a cell and forms a physical boundary between the cell and its environment.
What are ribosomes?
The structures in the cytoplasm where proteins are made.
What is DNA?
The nucleic acid found in cells containing the genetic instructions that cells need to make proteins.
What is the nucleus of the cell?
A structure in the cytoplasm that is surrounded by the membrane.
What are prokaryotic cells?
Cells without a nucleus.
What are eukaryotic cells?
Cells that contain a nucleus.
What are eukaryotes?
Organisms with eukaryotic cells. They range from fungi to people.
What is a organelle?
A structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell.
What is a viruses?
Tiny particles that may cause disease.
What is a phospholipid bilayer?
When the phospholipids in the plasma membrane are arranged in two layers.
What are the three functions of cytoplasm?
- Suspending cell organelles.
- Pushing against the plasma membrane to help the cell keep it’s shape
- Providing a site for many if the biochemical reaction of the cell.
What is the crosscrossing of the cytoplasm called?
It’s a structure called the cytoskeleton.
What is a cell?
The basic unit of structure and function of living things.
What is mitochondrion? (Plural mitochondria)
An organelle that makes energy available to the cell.
What is ATP?
An energy-carrying molecule that used inside cells for energy.
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate.
What is endoplasmic reticulum? (ER)
An organelle that helps make and transport proteins and lipids.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
A large organelle that processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and outside the cell.
What are vesicles and vacuoles?
Saclike organelles that store and transplant materials in the cells.
What is the cell wall?
A rigid Layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of a plant cell.
What is central vacuole?
A substance in most mature plants cells.
What percentage of volume does the central vacuole take up?
90%
What are plastids?
Organelles in plant cells with many different functions.
What are chloroplasts?
Plastids that contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
What is plasma transport?
An occurrence when substances cross the plasma membrane without any input of energy from the cell.
What is diffusion?
The movement of a substance across a membrane.
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water molecules across a membrane.
What substance helps with diffusion a in the membrane?
Transport proteins.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Diffusion that has the help of transport proteins.
What is active transport?
Something that occurs when energy is needed for a substance to move across the plasma membrane.
What act of transport can relate to a ball needing to be pushed up hill?
Active transport.
What act of transport can relate to a ball rolling down hill?
Plasma transport.
What is sodium-potassium pump?
When sodium ions are pumped out of the cell and potassium are pumped into the cell.
What is vesicle transport?
A force that helps very large molecules cross the plasma membrane.
What is endocytosis?
The type of vesicle transport that moves a substance into the cell.
What is exocytosis?
The type if vesicle transport that moves a substance out of the cell.
