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Biology > Chapter 3- Cellular Structure and Function > Flashcards

Chapter 3- Cellular Structure and Function Flashcards

0
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

All the cellular material inside the plasma membrane.

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1
Q

What is the plasma membrane? (Also called the cell membrane)

A

A thin coat if lipids that surrounds a cell and forms a physical boundary between the cell and its environment.

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2
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

The structures in the cytoplasm where proteins are made.

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3
Q

What is DNA?

A

The nucleic acid found in cells containing the genetic instructions that cells need to make proteins.

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4
Q

What is the nucleus of the cell?

A

A structure in the cytoplasm that is surrounded by the membrane.

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5
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

Cells without a nucleus.

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6
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

Cells that contain a nucleus.

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7
Q

What are eukaryotes?

A

Organisms with eukaryotic cells. They range from fungi to people.

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8
Q

What is a organelle?

A

A structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell.

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9
Q

What is a viruses?

A

Tiny particles that may cause disease.

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10
Q

What is a phospholipid bilayer?

A

When the phospholipids in the plasma membrane are arranged in two layers.

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11
Q

What are the three functions of cytoplasm?

A
  1. Suspending cell organelles.
  2. Pushing against the plasma membrane to help the cell keep it’s shape
  3. Providing a site for many if the biochemical reaction of the cell.
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12
Q

What is the crosscrossing of the cytoplasm called?

A

It’s a structure called the cytoskeleton.

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13
Q

What is a cell?

A

The basic unit of structure and function of living things.

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14
Q

What is mitochondrion? (Plural mitochondria)

A

An organelle that makes energy available to the cell.

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15
Q

What is ATP?

A

An energy-carrying molecule that used inside cells for energy.

16
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate.

17
Q

What is endoplasmic reticulum? (ER)

A

An organelle that helps make and transport proteins and lipids.

18
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus?

A

A large organelle that processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and outside the cell.

19
Q

What are vesicles and vacuoles?

A

Saclike organelles that store and transplant materials in the cells.

20
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

A rigid Layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of a plant cell.

21
Q

What is central vacuole?

A

A substance in most mature plants cells.

22
Q

What percentage of volume does the central vacuole take up?

A

90%

23
Q

What are plastids?

A

Organelles in plant cells with many different functions.

24
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

Plastids that contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

25
Q

What is plasma transport?

A

An occurrence when substances cross the plasma membrane without any input of energy from the cell.

26
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of a substance across a membrane.

27
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water molecules across a membrane.

28
Q

What substance helps with diffusion a in the membrane?

A

Transport proteins.

29
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Diffusion that has the help of transport proteins.

30
Q

What is active transport?

A

Something that occurs when energy is needed for a substance to move across the plasma membrane.

31
Q

What act of transport can relate to a ball needing to be pushed up hill?

A

Active transport.

32
Q

What act of transport can relate to a ball rolling down hill?

A

Plasma transport.

33
Q

What is sodium-potassium pump?

A

When sodium ions are pumped out of the cell and potassium are pumped into the cell.

34
Q

What is vesicle transport?

A

A force that helps very large molecules cross the plasma membrane.

35
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

The type of vesicle transport that moves a substance into the cell.

36
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

The type if vesicle transport that moves a substance out of the cell.

Biology (11 decks)

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