Test 2

Question 1

A periodic blood count is not recommended as a method for monitoring occupational radiation exposure because:
a. biologic damage from ionizing radiation cannot be determined from a blood test.
b. biologic damage has already been sustained when an irregularity is seen in the blood count.
c. a blood count is a relatively insensitive test that is unable to indicate doses of less than 10 cGyt accurately.
d. Both B and C.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

T/F: Early tissue reactions are not common in diagnostic imaging

Answer 2

True

Question 3

For persons with hematopoietic syndrome, survival time shortens as:

Answer 3

the radiation dose increases.

Question 4

If bone marrow cells have not been destroyed by exposure to ionizing radiation, they can:

Answer 4

repopulate after a period of recovery.

Question 5

In general, which of the following can human cells do?
1. Move, grow, react, and protect themselves
2. Repair damage and regulate life processes
3. Reproduce

Answer 5

1, 2 and 3

Question 6

Laboratory experiments with mice conclude that cataracts may be caused by doses of ionizing radiation as low as:

Answer 6

0.1 Gyt

Question 7

Neutrophils play an essential role in:

Answer 7

Fighting infection

Question 8

Organ and tissue response to radiation exposure depends on factors such as
1. radiosensitivity.
2. reproductive characteristics.
3. growth rate.

Answer 8

1, 2 and 3

Question 9

Radiation-induced cataracts in humans follow a ______ dose–response relationship.

Answer 9

threshold, nonlinear

Question 10

The steps, or rungs, of the DNA ladder-like structure consist of complementary chemicals that are:

Answer 10

pairs of nitrogenous bases.

Question 11

In the human body mineral salts are necessary for
1. proper cell function.
2. creation of energy.
3. conduction of impulses along nerves.

Answer 11

1, 2 and 3

Question 12

What is any chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons called?

Answer 12

Oxidation

Question 13

Which of the following gonadal radiation doses may cause permanent sterility in a male human?

Answer 13

5.0 or 6.0 Gyt

Question 14

What is the mean value of the radiation doubling dose for humans, as determined from studies of the children of the atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

Answer 14

1.56 Sv

Question 15

Which of the following are sources of low-level radiation exposure?
1. X-rays and radioactive materials used for diagnostic purposes
2. Employment-related exposure in medicine and industry
3. Natural background radiation

Answer 15

1, 2 and 3

Question 16

The term linear nonthreshold relationship implies that the biologic response to ionizing radiation is:

Answer 16

directly proportional to the dose all the way down to levels approaching zero.

Question 17

Direct action may occur after exposure to any type of radiation, but it is much more likely to occur after exposure to

Answer 17

high-LET radiation such as alpha particles.

Question 18

Made up of a molecule of glycerin and three molecules of fatty acid

Answer 18

Lipids

Question 19

All carbon compounds, both natural and artificial

Answer 19

Organic compounds

Question 20

The average energy deposited per unit length of track

Answer 20

LET

Question 21

Hypothesis that when a vital macromolecule such as DNA is directly or indirectly inactivated by exposure to radiation, the cell will die

Answer 21

Target theory

Question 22

Female and male reproductive cells

Answer 22

Germ cells

Question 23

Estimates that a specific number of malignancies will occur as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.

Answer 23

Absolute Risk Model

Question 24

Form of ARS that occurs when people receive whole body doses of ionizing radiation between 1 - 10 Gy.

Answer 24

Bone Marrow Syndrome

Question 25

Form of ARS that appears at a threshold dose of approximately 6 Gy.

Answer 25

Gastrointestinal Syndrome

Question 26

Genetic mutations at the molecular level

Answer 26

Point Mutations

Question 27

Predicts that the number of excess cancers will increase as the natural incidence of cancer increases with advancing age of a population

Answer 27

Relative Risk Model

Question 28

Y (vertical) axis on Radiation dose response curve demonstrates:

Answer 28

Response to radiation

Question 29

X (horizontal) axis on radiation dose response curve demonstrates:

Answer 29

Radiation dose received