Radiation Units/Monitoring

Question 1

An ionization chamber connected to an electrometer is a device that can measure:
a. tiny electric currents with high precision and accuracy.
b. electromagnetic force.
c. potential difference.
d. voltage in an x-ray machine circuit.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Because of the OSL dosimeter’s sensitivity down to as low as 10 µSv for x-ray and gamma ray photons in the energy range 5 keV to 40 MeV, it is an excellent and practical monitoring device for:

Answer 2

employees working in low-radiation environments and for pregnant workers.

Question 3

high-speed electrons

Answer 3

beta particles

Question 4

How is the readout for a personnel direct ion storage dosimeter obtained?

Answer 4

Through a physical connecting device such as a universal serial bus (USB) or via wireless connection

Question 5

In therapeutic radiology what SI units are now routinely used to specify absorbed dose?

Answer 5

Gray and centigray

Question 6

Medical physicists use ionization chambers, connected to electrometers to perform the annual standard measurements required by state, federal, and health care accreditation organizations for radiographic and fluoroscopic devices. These annual measurements include
1. x-ray output in Gy or mGy.
2. fluoroscopic radiation entrance rates in mSv/min or R/min.
3. kVp setting accuracy.
4. exposure time exactness.
5. half-value layers, or beam quality.

Answer 6

All of the above

Question 7

Some of the advantages of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter are
1. can be used for up to 1 year.
2. lightweight, durable, and easy to carry.
3. integrated, self-contained, preloaded packet.

Answer 7

1, 2, and 3

Question 8

The whole-body TEDE regulatory limit for exposed personnel is _____________ and ______________ for the general public.

Answer 8

0.05 Sv; 0.001 Sv

Question 9

What types of ionizing radiation produce virtually the same biologic effect in body tissue for equal absorbed doses?

Answer 9

X-rays, beta particles, and gamma rays

Question 10

Whenever the letter “M” appears under the current monitoring period or in the cumulative columns of a personnel monitoring report, it signifies that a (an)

Answer 10

equivalent dose below the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time.

Question 11

radiation dose to which occupationally exposed persons could be subjected without any apparent harmful acute effects, such as erythema of the skin.

Answer 11

Tolerance dose

Question 12

The basic unit of electrical charge

Answer 12

Coulomb

Question 13

SI unit of electrical current

Answer 13

Ampere

Question 14

Used to express how energy in transferred from a beam of radiation to air

Answer 14

Air kerma

Question 15

The quantity of energy delivered to a patient by the x-ray beam

Answer 15

dose area product

Question 16

What was used as the first measure of exposure for ionizing radiation?

Answer 16

Skin erythema

Question 17

What is the unit of collective effective dose (ColEfD)?

Answer 17

Person-sievert

Question 18

What is the SI radiation unit coulomb per kilogram used to specify?

Answer 18

Radiation exposure in air only

Question 19

Which of the following radiation quantities accounts for some biologic tissues being more sensitive to radiation damage than other tissues?

Answer 19

Effective dose

Question 20

When laser light is incident on the sensing material in an OSL dosimeter, the material:
A. Becomes luminescent in proportion to the amount of radiation exposure received B. Fluoresces in proportion to the amount of radiation exposure received and then emits beta particles
C. Phosphoresces in proportion to the amount of radiation exposure received and then darkens
D. Turns ice blue in color and fluoresces in proportion to the amount of radiation exposure received

Answer 20

A

Question 21

Which of the following chemical compounds functions as the sensing material in a thermoluminescent ring dosimeter?

Answer 21

Lithium fluoride

Question 22

During routine radiographic procedures, when a protective apron is not being worn, the primary personnel dosimeter should be attached to the clothing on the front of the body at:

Answer 22

Collar level to approximate the location of maximal radiation dose to the thyroid and the head and neck

Question 23

When a radiologic procedure requires the hands of a radiation worker to be near the primary beam, the equivalent dose to the hands of that individual may be determined through the use of:

Answer 23

A TLD ring dosimeter worn on the hand of the radiation worker

Question 24

Which of the following instruments is used to calibrate radiographic and fluoroscopic x-ray equipment?

Answer 24

Ionization chamber with electrometer

Question 25

Which of the following instruments should be used to locate a lost radioactive source or detect low-level radioactive contamination?

Answer 25

GM survey meter

Question 26

Which of the following instruments should be used in an x-ray installation to measure the fluoroscopic scatter radiation exposure rate?

Answer 26

cutie pie

Question 27

Required when workers are likely to receive ___ or more of the annual occupational EfD limit in any single year

Answer 27

10%