Cell Biology

Question 1

____ enables the cell to synthesize proteins and produce energy

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

The ____ is the chemical building material for all living things

Answer 2

Protoplasm

Question 3

Organic compounds contain:

Answer 3

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 4

Compounds that to not contain carbon

Answer 4

Inorganic materials

Question 5

Water and mineral salts (electrolytes) are [organic/inorganic]

Answer 5

inorganic

Question 6

Four major classes of organic compounds:

Answer 6

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids

Question 7

Proteins are formed when organic compounds called _____ combine into long, chainlike molecular complexes.

Answer 7

amino acids

Question 8

How many different amino acids are involved in protein synthesis in humans?

Answer 8

22

Question 9

Chemical secretions manufactured by various endocrine glands

Answer 9

Hormones

Question 10

Antibodies are protein molecules created by specialized cells in the bone marrow called:

Answer 10

B lymphocytes

Question 11

Antibodies are produced when other lymphocytes in the body, known as ______, detect the presence of molecules that do not belong to the body.

Answer 11

T lymphocytes

Question 12

The 4 nitrogenous organic bases in DNA macromolecules:

Answer 12

Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine

Question 13

Which of the following serves as a prototype for messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Answer 13

DNA

Question 14

A normal human has ___ pairs of chromosomes

Answer 14

23

Question 15

The basic units of heredity

Answer 15

Genes

Question 16

The total amount of genetic material (DNA) contained within the chromosomes of a human being is called the:

Answer 16

human genome

Question 17

In the human body mineral salts are necessary for
1. proper cell function.
2. creation of energy.
3. conduction of impulses along nerves.

Answer 17

All of the above

Question 18

The _____ is a frail, semipermeable, flexible structure encasing and surrounding the human cell.

Answer 18

cell membrane

Question 19

Which of the following are major tasks of the cytoplasm?
1. Accepts and builds up unrefined materials and assembles from these materials new substances such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
2. Breaks down organic materials to produce energy.
3. Packages substances for distribution to other areas of the cell or to various sites in the body through the circulation.
4. Eliminates waste products.

Answer 19

All of the above

Question 20

The _______ is a vast, irregular network of tubules and vesicles spreading and interconnecting in all directions throughout the cytoplasm.

Answer 20

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 21

What is any chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons called?

Answer 21

Oxidation

Question 22

_____ are small, pea-like sacs or single-membrane spherical bodies that are of great importance for digestion within the cytoplasm.

Answer 22

Lysosomes

Question 23

_____ are commonly referred to as the cell’s protein factories because their role is to manufacture (synthesize) the various proteins that cells require by using the blueprints provided by mRNA.

Answer 23

Ribosomes

Question 24

The cell components that contain the centrioles are the:

Answer 24

Centrosomes

Question 25

When a parent cell divides to form two daughter cells identical to the parent cell

Answer 25

Mitosis

Question 26

During mitosis, which phase of the cellular life cycle is the actual DNA synthesis period?

Answer 26

S