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2H03 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Francis Galton

A

intelligence is a product of sensorimotor “abilities”
- measured height, weight , breathing power, hearing, visual activity, etc.

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2
Q

Alfred Binet

A

measured “mental age”
- intelligence quotient = mental age/chronological age
- assessed memory, attention, imagination, comprehension

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3
Q

modern iq tests

A

no longer a quotient, but they are also a compilation of numerous subtests

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4
Q

IQ Test- WAIS

A

measures cognitive ability (Vocabulary, comprehension, similarities, information, reasoning)

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5
Q

IQ Test- Raven’s Progressive Matrices

A

measures abstract reasoning

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6
Q

reliability

A

the consistency of a measure
- test-retest reliability

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7
Q

validity

A

whether a test measures what it is intended to measure
- predictive validity

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8
Q

factor analysis

A

revealed that IQ test subtests are only partially independent; a common, general factor associated with them all to varying degrees.

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9
Q

general intelligence (g)

A

a capacity that provides an advantage on virtually any mental task

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10
Q

intelligence specialization

A

is a possibility (ie. math smart)

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11
Q

general intelligence categories

A

Linguistic ability, numerical ability, spatial ability, ability to handle fast-paced tasks, and ability to memorize new material.

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12
Q

general intelligence hierarchy

A

predicts different correlations between categories and within categories (High correlation within clusters, Moderate correlation between clusters)

linguistic ability- Correlated- if you score high on a, you should score high on b

Correlation between linguistic a and numerical b, but not as high within the same cluster

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13
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

acquired knowledge, esentially things we have learned through our lives (tests of vocabulary)

not impacted when under the influence

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13
Q

fluid intelligence

A

the ability to deal with novel problems, essentially how we solve problems (tests requiring speeded performance, tests of reasoning ability, tests of memory)
impacted when under the influence

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14
Q

fluid and crystallized intelligence

A

independent of one another

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15
Q

other intelligence

A

practical
rationality
emotional
theory of multiple intelligences

16
Q

practical intelligence

A

“street-smart” reasoning needed in day-to-day settings

17
Q

rationality

A

the capacity for critically assessing information as it is gathered in the natural environment

18
Q

emotional intelligence

A

ability to understand own emotions, others’ emotions, and control own emotions when appropriate

19
Q

theory of multiple intelligences

A

linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial intelligences

musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic

20
Q

linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial intelligences

A

already assessed in standard IQ tests

21
Q

musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic

A

not assessed traditionally

22
Q

mechanisms of intelligence

A

two hypothesis:
1: faster processing speed
2: better executive control

most likely: its both plus other things

23
Q

hypothesis 1

A

faster processing speed= more myelination??
inspection time- the time one needs to make a discrimination between two stimuli- People that score high on iq tests seem to do other tests faster

  • negative correlation (Fast=high, longer= lower
24
Q

hypothesis 2

A

better executive control
working memory capacity positively correlated with g

25
Q

roots of intelligence

A

intelligence affected by both genetics and environment (twin and adoption studies)

26
Q

twin study

A

proves genetic involvement
monozygotic twins reared together, highest similarity of intelligence scores, unrelated individuals in different households lowest similarity of intelligence scores

27
Q

adoption study

A

proves environmental involvement
pre-adoption (in abusive household), when put in low-SES, has higher IQ than before but still lower than high-SES or Mid-SES rearing.

28
Q

Flynn effect

A

scores on intelligences tests have risen approximately 3 points per decade over the last few decades
- observed widely
- cannot be explained genetically- therefore, based on environment

29
Q

group differences

A

“racial” differences exist, especially in the US
White American’s generally have higher intelligence than black Americans, in terms of these tests

30
Q

why are there racial differences?

A

need to consider history of IQ tests, racism, andcontinued divison of groups- black americans tend to have a lower socioeconomic status as well.

31
Q

stereotype threat

A

negative impact of social stereotypes, once activated, on task performance
If I start stats class with “women on average perform poorly,” they will hear this and start believing in this, bringing it to reality

2H03 (7 decks)

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