Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) is used for the preparation of samples for PAGE because it

A

gives the same negative charge to all proteins

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2
Q

Serum inactivation is used to

A

functionally inactivate the complement system

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3
Q

In the sandwich ELISA they have

A

labelled antibodies have the same specificity as solid-phase bound antibodies

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4
Q

Which immunoeletrophoresis is for determination of gammopathies in blood serum?

A

Classical immunoelectrophoresis

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5
Q

A glutaraldehyde test is used for

A

determination of immunoglobulin concentration in whole blood

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6
Q

A zinc sulphate test is used for

A

determination of immunoglobulin concentration in blood serum

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7
Q

A negative reaction in a tube agglutination test is

A

white sediment (with shape of a dot) on the bottom and a turbid supernatant

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8
Q

In an indirect ELISA for testing of antibody, the intensity of colour measured after adding the substrate in the final step is directly proportional to the concentration of

A

antibodies in the patient serum

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9
Q

The speed of the movement of molecules during electrophoresis is dependent on

A

molecular mass

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10
Q

Agarose gel is prepared by

A

boiling of agarose suspension

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11
Q

To create a caliberation curve in immunodiffusion tests, we need to know

A

antigen concentration and diameter of precipitation rings

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12
Q

Double radial immunodiffusion with antibodies against antigens A and B produce these precipitation lines

A

If there is antigen B in well 3, there is antigen [B] in well 2, antigen [A] in well 1 and antigen [B] in well 6.

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13
Q

A twofold dilution of serum is used to determine

A

a titer of antibodies

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14
Q

In ELISA tests the substrate is used for

A

visualization of the reaction

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15
Q

Antibodies are added into the agarose for

A

single radial immunodiffusion

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16
Q

Polyacrylamide (PAA) gel is prepared by polymerization after

A

pouring of PAA solution into a cassette created by two glass plates

17
Q

What is the characteristic that best defines the acquired immune response?

A

It exhibits immunological memory

18
Q

Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) include

A

Toll-like receptors

19
Q

A fragment antigen binding (FAB) fragment

A

binds antigen

20
Q

What is the basic role of T helper cells?

A

Produce cytokines

21
Q

What do intracellular invaders trigger in adaptive immunity?

A

Cytotoxic T cells

22
Q

What is an immunogen?
What abilities does immunogens have?

A

A complete antigen.
Induce development of specific immune response (immunogenicity) and react with specific antibodies (antigenicity).

23
Q

What is hapten?
What abilities does haptens have?

A

An incomplete antigen.
React with specific antibodies (antigenicity), but their formation cannot induce an immune response by itself.

24
Q

What is the significance of detecting the presence of a specific antibody in patient serum?

A

to determine whether a patient has been previously exposed to a specific infection agent

25
Q

Define serology

A

Measurement of antigen-antibody interactions for diagnostic purposes

26
Q

What is another term for serological techniques?

A

Immunoassay

27
Q

What are the categories serological techniques can be divided into?

A

Primary
Secondary
In vivo

28
Q

What are primary serological techniques?
What are secondary?

A

Primary: directly measure the binding of antibody to antigen.
Secondary: measure the results.

29
Q

Examples of primary binding tests:

A

Enzyme immunoassay: ELISA, Western blot, immunohistochemistry.
Immunofluorescense assay, radioimmunoassay

30
Q

What are the types of secondary binding tests?

A

Agglutination
Precipitation
Complement fixation test