Test 1 Flashcards
In a blocking ELISA for testing of antibody
the enzyme labelled antibody is added after the first incubation with the serum containing antibody
The zone of equivalence is where
the concentration of an antigen is in balance with the concentration of an antibody
The wavelenght used for spectrometric analysis of ELISA tests is dependent on the used
substrate
The preparation of hybridomas requires
B-lymphocytes from the spleen of immunized mouse and myeloma cells
The essential step for Western blot diagnosis of BSE is
treatment of the sample with Proteinase K
Gammopathies are diseases characterized by
Overproduction of defective immunoglobulins
In electrophoresis individual molecules are separated depending on their
Total electric charge and molecular mass
A positive reaction in a tube agglutination test is
White sediment (with the shape of a dot) on the bottom and a clear supernatant
The precipitin band has whch colour
white
Fill in the blanks:
Blood [ ] is prepared by centrifugation of clotted blood
Blood [ ] is prepared by centrifugation of whole blood
serum
plasma
Which agglutination assays are for quantitative determination of antibodies?
Haemagglutination inhibition test
Tube agglutination
Prozone is
inability to cause agglutination in excess of antibodies
Protein A can bind to
The Fc region of the antibody
After serum electrophoresis, immunoglobulins are present in the fraction of
gamma-globulins
How is the immune system characterized?
a system which is able to identify adverse changes in the external and internal environment and respond to them
What is the basic roles of the immune system?
Defence
Self-tolerance
Immune surveillance
What are the types of systems that the immune system can be characterized as?
Information (system) - recieve stimuli through receptors and respond to them by appropriate effector activity
Diffuse (system) - components (soluble molecules, immune cells) are dispersed in all parts of the body
Effective (system) - immune responses only arrise when necessary
What are the two types of mechanisms of immunity?
- Innate, non-specific
- Adaptive, specific
Describe the innate, non-specific type of immunity
- antigen non-specific
Ready to respond immediately on invading pathogens (firstline defence).
Always equally intense.
Lack any form of memory.
Describe the adaptive, specific mechanisms of immunity
- antigen specific
Takes several days to become effective, but then incredibly effective (second line of defense).
Respond more rapidly and effectively during second contact with the same organism, have memory.
What are the two types of components found in the immune responses?
Humoral (soluble molecules) and cells.
What are the humoral components found in the innate, nonspecific mechanism of immunity?
Complement proteins, cytokines, antimicrobial peptides and acute phase proteins (APP).
What are the cellular components of the blood found in innate, nonspecific mechanism of immunity?
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and NK cells
What are the cellular components of the tissue found in innate, nonspecific mechanism of immunity?
macrophages, dendritic cells and mast cells
