Test Flashcards
An/o
Anus, ring
Chol/e
Bile or gall
Cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
Col/o
Colon, large intestine
-emesis
Vomiting
Enter/o
Small intestine
Esophag/o
Esophagus
-lithiasis
Presence of stones
-pepsia
Digest, digestion
-phagia
Eating, swallowing
Proct/o
Rectum and anus
Rect/o
Rectum, straight
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
The excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, and is a common cause of gas in the stomach
Aerophagia
A surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures
Anastomosis
A false perception of body appearance which leads to an intense fear of gaining weight and inability to maintain a healthy body weight
Anorexia nervosa
Medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting
Antiemetic
Gray-white pits with a red border that appear in the soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers
Aphthous ulcers
An abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Ascites
The branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases
Bariatrics
The rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine
Borborygmus
an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercising, or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications
Bulimia nervosa
A condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS
Cachexia
An inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to food containing gluten; also known as gluten intolerance
Celiac disease
A disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth
Cheilosis
A radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium
Cholangiography
An incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones
Choledocholithotomy
also known as gallstones, are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in your gallbladder
Cholelithisias
A progressive degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring
Cirrhosis
A chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon
Crohn’s Disease
Inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the colon
Diverticulitis
Pain or discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion
Dyspepsia
Difficulty in swallowing
Dysphagia
The act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
Eructation
Enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
Esophageal varices
An endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract; this includes the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
The upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus; also known as GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
The surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach
Gastrostomy tube
The vomiting of blood
Hematemesis
A laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools; also known as fecal occult blood test
Hemoccult test
Blisterlike sores on the lips and adjacent tissue caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters
Herpes labialis
An anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm
Hiatal hernia
Extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration
Hyperemesis
The partial or complete blockage of the small intestine, large intestine, or both caused by the stopping of normal peristalsis
Ileus
The protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin
Inguinal hernia
A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes caused by greater-than-normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood
Jaundice
An abnormal white precancerous lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek
Leukoplakia
The passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools that is caused by the presence of digested blood
Melena
The condition of weighing two or more times the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 40; also known as severe obesity
Morbid obesity
The placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach
Nasogastric intubation
The surgical repair of a cleft palate or cleft lip
Palatoplasty
Sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylorior by medications, such as aspirin, that irritate the mucous membranes
Peptic ulcers
A series of wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system
Peristalsis
A mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane; not all polyps are malignant
Polyp
The return of swallowed food into the mouth
Regurgitation
An infectious disease of the intestines that is transmitted by food contaminated with feces; also referred to as salmonella
Salmonellosis
An inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth
Stomatitis
Any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer
Trismus
A chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation
Ulcerative colitis
Twisting of the intestine upon itself, causing an obstruction
Volvulus
The lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth
Xerostomia
bil/i
bile, gall
dent/i
tooth
gastr/o
stomach
ile/o
ileum
labi/o
lip
ling/o
tongue
or/o
mouth
an-
not, without
de-
lack of, down, less, removal of
endo-
in, within
post-
after, behind
pre-
before, in front of
-ase
enzyme
-chezia
defecation, elimination of waste
-iasis
abnormal condition
-orexia
appetite
cirrh/o
orange-yellow
enter/o
intestines
odont/o
tooth
splen/o
spleen
dys-
painful, difficult
sub-
below, under
-megaly
enlargement
Function of Ingestion
intake of food and liquid
Function of Digestion
breakdown of food
Function of Absorption
movement of nutrients into bloodstream
Function of Elimination
removal of waste from body
What enzyme assists in the breakdown of starches in the mouth?
amylase
Which structure connects the pharynx to the stomach?
esophagus
What does the Small Intestine consist of?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
What does the Colon (Large Intestine) consist of?
Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Which section of the colon is responsible for storing solid waste?
rectum
In which section of the small intestine does vitamin B12 absorption occur?
ileum
