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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

An/o

A

Anus, ring

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2
Q

Chol/e

A

Bile or gall

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3
Q

Cholecyst/o

A

Gallbladder

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4
Q

Col/o

A

Colon, large intestine

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5
Q

-emesis

A

Vomiting

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6
Q

Enter/o

A

Small intestine

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7
Q

Esophag/o

A

Esophagus

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8
Q

-lithiasis

A

Presence of stones

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9
Q

-pepsia

A

Digest, digestion

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10
Q

-phagia

A

Eating, swallowing

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11
Q

Proct/o

A

Rectum and anus

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12
Q

Rect/o

A

Rectum, straight

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13
Q

Sigmoid/o

A

Sigmoid colon

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14
Q

The excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, and is a common cause of gas in the stomach

A

Aerophagia

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15
Q

A surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures

A

Anastomosis

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16
Q

A false perception of body appearance which leads to an intense fear of gaining weight and inability to maintain a healthy body weight

A

Anorexia nervosa

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17
Q

Medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

A

Antiemetic

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18
Q

Gray-white pits with a red border that appear in the soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers

A

Aphthous ulcers

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19
Q

An abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

Ascites

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20
Q

The branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases

A

Bariatrics

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21
Q

The rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine

A

Borborygmus

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22
Q

an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercising, or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications

A

Bulimia nervosa

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23
Q

A condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS

A

Cachexia

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24
Q

An inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to food containing gluten; also known as gluten intolerance

A

Celiac disease

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25
Q

A disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth

A

Cheilosis

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26
Q

A radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium

A

Cholangiography

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27
Q

An incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones

A

Choledocholithotomy

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28
Q

also known as gallstones, are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in your gallbladder

A

Cholelithisias

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29
Q

A progressive degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

A

Cirrhosis

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30
Q

A chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon

A

Crohn’s Disease

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31
Q

Inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the colon

A

Diverticulitis

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32
Q

Pain or discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion

A

Dyspepsia

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33
Q

Difficulty in swallowing

A

Dysphagia

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34
Q

The act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

A

Eructation

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35
Q

Enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

A

Esophageal varices

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36
Q

An endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract; this includes the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum

A

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

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37
Q

The upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus; also known as GERD

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

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38
Q

The surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach

A

Gastrostomy tube

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39
Q

The vomiting of blood

A

Hematemesis

40
Q

A laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools; also known as fecal occult blood test

A

Hemoccult test

41
Q

Blisterlike sores on the lips and adjacent tissue caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters

A

Herpes labialis

42
Q

An anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm

A

Hiatal hernia

43
Q

Extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

A

Hyperemesis

44
Q

The partial or complete blockage of the small intestine, large intestine, or both caused by the stopping of normal peristalsis

A

Ileus

45
Q

The protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

A

Inguinal hernia

46
Q

A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes caused by greater-than-normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood

A

Jaundice

47
Q

An abnormal white precancerous lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek

A

Leukoplakia

48
Q

The passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools that is caused by the presence of digested blood

A

Melena

49
Q

The condition of weighing two or more times the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 40; also known as severe obesity

A

Morbid obesity

50
Q

The placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach

A

Nasogastric intubation

51
Q

The surgical repair of a cleft palate or cleft lip

A

Palatoplasty

52
Q

Sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylorior by medications, such as aspirin, that irritate the mucous membranes

A

Peptic ulcers

53
Q

A series of wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system

A

Peristalsis

54
Q

A mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane; not all polyps are malignant

A

Polyp

55
Q

The return of swallowed food into the mouth

A

Regurgitation

56
Q

An infectious disease of the intestines that is transmitted by food contaminated with feces; also referred to as salmonella

A

Salmonellosis

57
Q

An inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth

A

Stomatitis

58
Q

Any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer

A

Trismus

59
Q

A chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation

A

Ulcerative colitis

60
Q

Twisting of the intestine upon itself, causing an obstruction

A

Volvulus

61
Q

The lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth

A

Xerostomia

62
Q

bil/i

A

bile, gall

63
Q

dent/i

A

tooth

64
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

65
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

66
Q

labi/o

A

lip

67
Q

ling/o

A

tongue

68
Q

or/o

A

mouth

69
Q

an-

A

not, without

70
Q

de-

A

lack of, down, less, removal of

71
Q

endo-

A

in, within

72
Q

post-

A

after, behind

73
Q

pre-

A

before, in front of

74
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

75
Q

-chezia

A

defecation, elimination of waste

76
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

77
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

78
Q

cirrh/o

A

orange-yellow

79
Q

enter/o

A

intestines

80
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

81
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

82
Q

dys-

A

painful, difficult

83
Q

sub-

A

below, under

84
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

85
Q

Function of Ingestion

A

intake of food and liquid

86
Q

Function of Digestion

A

breakdown of food

87
Q

Function of Absorption

A

movement of nutrients into bloodstream

88
Q

Function of Elimination

A

removal of waste from body

89
Q

What enzyme assists in the breakdown of starches in the mouth?

A

amylase

90
Q

Which structure connects the pharynx to the stomach?

A

esophagus

91
Q

What does the Small Intestine consist of?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

92
Q

What does the Colon (Large Intestine) consist of?

A

Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

93
Q

Which section of the colon is responsible for storing solid waste?

A

rectum

94
Q

In which section of the small intestine does vitamin B12 absorption occur?

A

ileum

95
Q
A

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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