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Medical Terminology > April 23 > Flashcards

April 23 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acr/o

A

extremities or topmost

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2
Q

adren/o

A

adrenal glands

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3
Q

crin/o

A

to secrete

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4
Q

-dipsia

A

thirst

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5
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

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6
Q

gonad/o

A

gonads (reproductive glands)

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7
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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8
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid glands

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9
Q

pineal/o

A

pineal gland

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10
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

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11
Q

poly-

A

many or excessive

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12
Q

somat/o

A

body

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13
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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14
Q

A small endocrine gland in the brain that produces melatonin, regulating sleep-wake cycles.

A

Pineal

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15
Q

Endocrine glands located on top of each kidney that produce hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, involved in stress response and metabolism.

A

Adrenal Glands

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16
Q

A butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism.

A

Thyroid

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17
Q

Four small glands located behind the thyroid that regulate calcium levels in the blood.

A

Parathyroid

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18
Q

A pea-sized gland at the base of the brain that produces and regulates hormones influencing various bodily functions.

A

Pituitary Gland

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19
Q

A gland located in the chest that plays a role in immune function and development.

A

Thymus

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20
Q

Clusters of cells in the pancreas that produce hormones such as insulin and glucagon, regulating blood sugar levels.

A

Pancreatic Islets

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21
Q

Hormone produced by the pineal gland, regulating sleep-wake cycles.

A

Melatonin

22
Q

Cells producing melanin, responsible for skin and hair color.

A

Melanocyte

23
Q

Hormone produced by the pancreas, regulating blood sugar levels.

A

Insulin

24
Q

Simple sugar and the primary source of energy for cells.

A

Glucose

25
Q

Group of hormones and drugs with diverse functions, including regulation of metabolism and inflammation.

A

Steroids

25
Q

A steroid hormone involved in stress response and inflammation.

A

Cortisone

26
Q

Hormone produced by the pituitary gland, stimulating the adrenal glands to release cortisol.

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

27
Q

Synthetic variations of testosterone promoting muscle growth and strength.

A

Anabolic steroids

28
Q

Hormone produced by the pituitary gland, stimulating milk production.

A

Prolactin

29
Q

Hormone produced by the adrenal glands, regulating sodium and potassium levels in the blood.

A

Aldosterone

30
Q

Excessive thirst.

A

Polydipsia

31
Q

Excessive hunger.

A

Polyphagia

32
Q

Excessive urination.

A

Polyuria

33
Q

High blood sugar levels.

A

Hyperglycemia

34
Q

Overactivity of the thyroid gland.

A

Hyperthyroidism

35
Q

Low blood sugar levels.

A

Hypoglycemia

36
Q

Underactivity of the thyroid gland.

A

Hypothyroidism

37
Q

Surgical removal of the parathyroid glands.

A

Parathyroidectomy

38
Q

Inflammation of the pancreas.

A

Pancreatitis

39
Q

Blood sugar levels higher than normal but not yet high enough for a diabetes diagnosis.

A

Prediabetes

40
Q

Stage of development characterized by physical and hormonal changes leading to sexual maturity.

A

Puberty

41
Q

Tumor of the adrenal gland, causing excessive secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline.

A

Pheochromocytoma

42
Q

Life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism.

A

Thyroid Storm

43
Q

Chronic condition characterized by insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels.

A

Type 2 Diabetes

44
Q

Medication used to treat hyperthyroidism by reducing thyroid hormone production.

A

Anti-thyroid Drug

45
Q

Surgical removal of a lobe of an organ.

A

Lobectomy

46
Q

Abstaining from food for a period of time.

A

Fasting

47
Q

Life-threatening complication of diabetes characterized by unconsciousness.

A

Diabetic coma

48
Q

Diagnostic test measuring the thyroid’s ability to take up radioactive iodine.

A

Radioactive iodine uptake test

49
Q

Enlargement of the thyroid gland.

A

Goiter

50
Q

Low levels of calcium in the blood.

A

Hypocalcemia

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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