April 23 Flashcards
test
acr/o
extremities or topmost
adren/o
adrenal glands
crin/o
to secrete
-dipsia
thirst
glyc/o
sugar
gonad/o
gonads (reproductive glands)
pancreat/o
pancreas
parathyroid/o
parathyroid glands
pineal/o
pineal gland
pituitar/o
pituitary gland
poly-
many or excessive
somat/o
body
thym/o
thymus gland
A small endocrine gland in the brain that produces melatonin, regulating sleep-wake cycles.
Pineal
Endocrine glands located on top of each kidney that produce hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, involved in stress response and metabolism.
Adrenal Glands
A butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism.
Thyroid
Four small glands located behind the thyroid that regulate calcium levels in the blood.
Parathyroid
A pea-sized gland at the base of the brain that produces and regulates hormones influencing various bodily functions.
Pituitary Gland
A gland located in the chest that plays a role in immune function and development.
Thymus
Clusters of cells in the pancreas that produce hormones such as insulin and glucagon, regulating blood sugar levels.
Pancreatic Islets
Hormone produced by the pineal gland, regulating sleep-wake cycles.
Melatonin
Cells producing melanin, responsible for skin and hair color.
Melanocyte
Hormone produced by the pancreas, regulating blood sugar levels.
Insulin
Simple sugar and the primary source of energy for cells.
Glucose
Group of hormones and drugs with diverse functions, including regulation of metabolism and inflammation.
Steroids
A steroid hormone involved in stress response and inflammation.
Cortisone
Hormone produced by the pituitary gland, stimulating the adrenal glands to release cortisol.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Synthetic variations of testosterone promoting muscle growth and strength.
Anabolic steroids
Hormone produced by the pituitary gland, stimulating milk production.
Prolactin
Hormone produced by the adrenal glands, regulating sodium and potassium levels in the blood.
Aldosterone
Excessive thirst.
Polydipsia
Excessive hunger.
Polyphagia
Excessive urination.
Polyuria
High blood sugar levels.
Hyperglycemia
Overactivity of the thyroid gland.
Hyperthyroidism
Low blood sugar levels.
Hypoglycemia
Underactivity of the thyroid gland.
Hypothyroidism
Surgical removal of the parathyroid glands.
Parathyroidectomy
Inflammation of the pancreas.
Pancreatitis
Blood sugar levels higher than normal but not yet high enough for a diabetes diagnosis.
Prediabetes
Stage of development characterized by physical and hormonal changes leading to sexual maturity.
Puberty
Tumor of the adrenal gland, causing excessive secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Pheochromocytoma
Life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism.
Thyroid Storm
Chronic condition characterized by insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels.
Type 2 Diabetes
Medication used to treat hyperthyroidism by reducing thyroid hormone production.
Anti-thyroid Drug
Surgical removal of a lobe of an organ.
Lobectomy
Abstaining from food for a period of time.
Fasting
Life-threatening complication of diabetes characterized by unconsciousness.
Diabetic coma
Diagnostic test measuring the thyroid’s ability to take up radioactive iodine.
Radioactive iodine uptake test
Enlargement of the thyroid gland.
Goiter
Low levels of calcium in the blood.
Hypocalcemia
