TEST 1 - UNIT A - EF - NURSING FOUNDATIONS Flashcards
Health literacy encompasses
clients’ knowledge of their health and their ability to take action to maintain and improve their health
Nursing competencies include
advocacy, change management, communication, and collaboration.
advanced practice registered nurses (APRN)
A nurse who has earned educational degrees and nursing specialties and certifications beyond the MSN level.
advocacy
Speaking up for clients’ needs when the clients are unable to speak for themselves, and supporting clients to make choices for their own health.
Defending the rights, interests, and safety of someone who is vulnerable.
The act of defending the interests, rights, and safety of those who cannot do it for themselves.
American Nurses Association
A widely respected organization that supports nurses health and wellness, fosters high standards, promotes environments that are safe, ensures ethical behavior, and advocates for nurses and the public regarding health care issues.
change agent
A nurse who brings innovation for improvement through knowledge, critical thinking, objectivity, and practice.
change management
The goal of nurse managers who help to bring about change with a goal to constantly improve the staff workflow and the client outcomes.
Code of Ethics for Nurses
Developed by the ANA, this document outlines rules for nurses about client privacy, nursing conduct, and nursing behaviors to protect clients and the profession.
collaboration
Working together with the interprofessional team to address the various aspects of the client s health. The interprofessional team consists of professionals from multiple disciplines (e.g., physical, occupational and speech therapy, health providers, dietitians, respiratory therapists) who coordinate care, make plans, and set goals for the best client outcome.
evidence-based practice
The process of using evidence from credible scientific research to guide nursing interventions and clinical judgment.
Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, a document that provides a f
ramework for all nurses and clarifies what nursing involves and the responsibilities of the nurse as a professional.
The scope of practice describes the following.
What the nurse does
What the nurse’s responsibilities are
Where and when client care is to be performed
Why and how client care is achieved
SELF DETERMINATION
RESPONSIBILITY OF EACH INDIVIDUAL TO ACT PROFESSIONALY WITHIN THEIR ROLE AS A NURSE
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
GOVERINING RULES / REGULATIONS ESTABLISHED BY INSTITUTIONS / ORGANIZATIONS WHICH EDIRECT NURSING PRACTICE
NURSE PRACTICE ACT
RULES / REGULATION WHICH ARE DETERMINED BY EACH STATE TO GUIDE DELIVERY OF NURSING CARE TO CLIENTS
SCOPE AND STANDARDS OF PRACTICE
EXPLANATORY STATEMENTS THAT DESCRBIE COMPETEN LEVEL OF NURSING CARE AND PROFESSIONALISM
Code of Ethics
INTERPRETIVE STATEMENTS THAT ADDRESS VALUES / CLIENT OBLIGATIONS / IDEALS OF NURSING PROGESSION
A Nurse Practice Act
is a legal and regulatory body that is created by, and applicable in, each individual state. It establishes common definitions, rules, and regulations to guide the practice of a licensed nurse and thereby promote quality of care and safety when caring for a client.
The ANA’sScope of Nursing Practiceprovides the nurse with
a clear definition of the complex and dynamic role of the nurse and the expectations of the nurse in that role. The ANA’sStandards of Nursing Practiceare explanatory statements that describe a competent level of care and professionalism that all nurses should achieve.
Code of Ethics for Nursesassists a nurse w/
ethical decision making, by incorporating the nurse’s value system, duty, obligation to the client, and call to uphold professional ideals.
A nurse is obligated to practice not only within state rules and regulations, but also by following
specific policies and procedures within the direction of the facility where the nurse is working.
A nurse through acquired knowledge, skills, and critical thinking determines the
appropriate nursing response based on the scope and standard of practice, rules, laws, regulations, and facility policies and procedures.
Based on this self-determination and nursing identity, each individual nurseis responsible for
his or her own practice—for making these decisions and acting professionally within the role as a nurse.
Interwoven throughout all levels of these regulations, laws, standards, and facility policies and procedures are principles of
quality,evidence-based practice, and safety, which are critical elements of every decision and action a nurse takes in practice.
Nightingale
DOCUMENTATION
HAND HYGIENE
EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE
DATA COLLECTION
STARTED NURSING SCHOOLS
Barton
served in the battlefields/ bringing necessary supplies / comfort / food to wounded
created center to locate missing soldiers
started the American Red Cross.
FORMALIZED NURSING EDUCATION
DIX
not a nurse, but rather a teacher
volunteered to care for soldiers during the Civil War
appointed Superintendent of Army Nurses for the Union Army
pushed for formal training for nurses.
mental health AWARENESS
indigenous rights
Ildaura Murillo-Rohde
doctorate in nursing in the 1970s
founded the National Association of Hispanic Nurses (NAHA).
Eddie Bernice Johnson
faced segregation as a student,
CREATED OPPORTUNITIES FOR MINORS
U.S. Congress, as a representative from Texas
introduced the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) - provide grant awards to minority students.
LPN: .
A licensed practical nurse (LPN) or licensed vocational nurse (LVN) degree can be obtained in one year
RN:
A registered nurse (RN) degree can be achieved in two to four years, depending on which of the following educational programs is chosen:
THREE WAYS TO GET AN RN DEGREE
Diploma nurse: Hospital-based, non-degree
ADN: Associate degree in nursing
BSN: Bachelor’s degree in nursing
Patricia Benner (1982) has described the
transition from novice to expert.
LPNs and LVNs practice nursing under the supervision of
an RN.
Each nursing degree has different lengths of study and difficulty, but all candidates for degrees are required to take the same
National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX)
Upon passing the licensure exam, nurses are expected to follow the
Nurse Practice Act for the state in which they practice.
One advanced degree option FOR RNS IS is the
(Dcotorate of Nursing) DNP degree.
PhD
DNP:
Doctor of nursing practice—a clinical practice degree
PhD:
Doctor of philosophy in nursing—a research-based degree
DNP degree recommended by American Association of Colleges of Nursing to become the
next step for APRNs (Advanced practice nurses)
Three roles of APRN’s
nurse practitioners, nurse anesthetists, clinical nurse specialists.
APRN was designed to be the terminal degree instead of
MSN
Benners firve stages
Stage 1: Novice
Stage 2: Advanced Beginner
Stage 3: Competent
Stage 4: Proficient
Stage 5: Expert
Novice
nursing students / new nurses - no previous experience.
cannot yet draw on own judgment.
struggles to decide which tasks most relevant in real-life situations.
Advanced Beginner
recognize patterns / recurrent situations.
focus is on remembering / following rules / guidelines
needs clinical support to set priorities
Competent
able to prioritize tasks by drawing on past experiences.
may not function w/ same speed / ease as proficient nurses
recognize patterns in clinical situations more quickly / accurately than advanced beginners
Proficient
able to understand bigger picture / desired outcome of situations - facilitates improved decision making.
able to respond to changing situations / modify plans in face of different events.
Expert
extensive experience / knowledge
can handle complex client conditions.
have self-confidence / trust their intuitive sense
knows what needs to be done / able to perform it well.
Roles a nurse may assume
care provider
case manager
researcher
educator
leader
manager
change agent
A nurse is most often identified as a
care provider
Nursing focuses on care of the whole person this includes
physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health
nurse has a unique role as an
advocate for the client.
Nurses must be able to provide professional empathy to all clients, regardless of their
race, illness, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, religion, and level of education.
A critical part of caring for the whole person is practicing what type of care
culturally competent care.
practicing culturally competent care.
being senstive to individual cultural preferences, also referred to as
Increased number of health problems (also known as comorbidities) may lead to
fragmentation of the care services clients receive.
nurse works as a case manager by
by communicating w/ appropriate interprofessional team members to create a plan of care that will meet the needs of the whole client, including the need for interdisciplinary services, as well as coordinating the client’s educational needs as they relate to the disease process, medications, and discharge instructions.
interdisciplinary services
physical therapy occupational therapy, enterostomal therapy, home health nursing, speech therapy
nurse works as a researcher
practice - nurses utilize research to provide evidence-based care.
Formal role of reasearcher - develops nursing knowledge by conducting research and publishing the results
evidence-based practice
delivery of care (e.g., procedures, assessments, interventions) that is supported by scientific research showing its factual accuracy and effectiveness.
An EX of evidenced based practice
A nurse searches the recent research literature to revise a nursing procedure.
Nurses keep informed on evidence-based practice by
reading scholarly resources to find the most valid and current information about new medications, procedures, or technology.
Nurse works as an educator by
educating clients
teaching new nurses / staff
Educating clients serves to
increase their knowledge, which empowers them to employ appropriate self-care management skills and to make informed care decisions, and can improve the client’s quality of life.
In addition to teaching clients, nurses are also resonsible for helping to teaching
student nurses and serving as preceptors for newly hired nurses.
The preceptor helps the newly hired nurse to
transition to a new role (from student nurse to staff nurse, or from staff nurse at another facility/unit to the current position).
Preceptor (5) things they do
provides clinically appropriate experiences
assists w/ development of new nursing skills / knowledge
readily available resource for new staff member
role model
gives feedback on progress.
CNE
Clinical Nurse Educator
Clinical Nurse Educator (CNE) primarilty responsible for
providing education to the nurses who work in the facility
Nurse as a manager is formally responsible for
team of nurses and have a significant impact on their team’s job satisfaction.
Nurse as a manager has overall responsibilities for
the assigned clinical area(s), including managing the staff and ensuring the quality of care being delivered.
Nurse managers help problem-solve for
staff, clients, and agencies.
Some of other itemts nurse managers handles
Managing supply and equipment availability
maintaining budgets
creating goals / objectives for the unit
Nurse leaders at the executive level are responsible for
seeing that the Nurse Practice Act and theStandards of Careare being followed in the clinical setting, thereby enforcing safety for all clients and staff
Nurse as a Change Agent
ecognize the need for and take steps to make a change; to do so
Nurse change agents are required to be both
credible and reliable.
A nurse who is a change agent has the power to
facilitate change and the responsibility to assist others in making the transition.
Change agents know that change typically triggers
stress and resistance, so they help other nurses see that the change is for the better and is based on research. T
the change agent’s goal is to change
attitudes, values, or norms related to the relationship between the nurse, client, and organizational system.
Nursing competencies
knowledge, attitudes, values, skills that nurses are expected to know to provide safe care.
advocacy
one of the pillars of nursing
as client advocates,
nurses support, protect, and promote the rights, health, and safety of the client(nvolves giving the client a voice).
exs client advocacy
A client can voice to the nurse who is preparing the client for a surgical procedure that they do not want to have the surgery. The nurse needs to act as the client’s advocate by immediately contacting the surgeon so the client, surgeon, and nurse can discuss the client’s concerns.
Another example of client advocacy can be seen when a nurse becomes aware of a potential safety or privacy issue (e.g., malfunctioning equipment, a peer who is talking about a client in the elevator) and corrects or reports this concern.
Advocacy also applies to championing nursing interests directly with
decision and policy makers.
Nurses can be involved in this process by becoming active in
facility committees (e.g., staffing, quality improvement); local, state, or national nursing associations; or other nonprofit organizations that impact the health of clients who have an illness (e.g., mental health, cancer, substance use disorder, Crohn’s disease).
