TEST 1 - UNIT A - EF - ETHICAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS Flashcards
1
Q
TheCode of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements(commonly referred to as
A
the Code)
2
Q
TheCode of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive StatementsESTABLISHED BY
A
established by the American Nurses Association (ANA)
3
Q
TheCode of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements- FUNDAMENTAL
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nursing responsibility.
4
Q
The nine provisions of the Code address the
A
expected values and ethical principles of the nursing profession, as well as the duty and loyalty nurses have to self, clients, and the nursing profession.
5
Q
The Code should be followed by all nurses, including
A
students, in all situations.
6
Q
Ethical dilemmas can occur when
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there is a conflict of ethics and values with no distinct right or wrong solution.
7
Q
Nurses must adhere to the Code when making
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ethical decisions,
8
Q
Nurses must adhere to the Code when making WHEN MAKING ETHICAL DECISIONS, DESPITE THEIR
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personal beliefs.
9
Q
Collaboration with the interprofessional team, while applying the ethical decision-making process, will aid the nurse in finding
A
a viable solution.
10
Q
Nurses must be aware of, and adhere to, legal regulations while providing
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ethical care.
11
Q
Laws such as _______and _______ protect clients and nurses.
A
EMTALA and HIPAA
12
Q
Awareness of ANA’sPrinciples for Social Networking & the Nurseis crucial for nurses to ensure
A
that client confidentiality is not compromised.
13
Q
Nurses that breach standards of practice can be subjected to
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criminal prosecution, civil disputes, or both.
14
Q
Additional safeguards that protect clients and nurses include
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informed consent, advance directives, and Good Samaritan laws. Knowledge of these is crucial for providing ethical care to clients.
15
Q
Nurses are considered ________ reporters of maltreatment, such as (but not limited to)
A
mandatory
16
Q
Nurses are considered ________ reporters of maltreatment, such as (but not limited to)
A
delay of care and physical or sexual maltreatment, as well as specified diseases and illnesses that are a threat to the public.
17
Q
Workforce issues, such as , ___________, _____________, ____________can affect safe and effective care of clients.
A
client abandonment, client-to-nurse staffing ratios, and delegation of tasks
18
Q
Nurse fatigue and substance use disorder (SUD) among nurses can lead to
A
serious breaches of nursing practice, including failing to meet established standards of care, violating client confidentiality, and falsification of health records.
19
Q
The nine provisions of the Code address the
A
expected values and ethical principles of the nursing profession, as well as the duty and loyalty nurses have to self, clients, and the nursing profession.
20
Q
advance directives
A
A written statement of a person’s wishes regarding medical treatment.
21
Q
altruism
A
To do something, or take action, for the sake of benefiting someone else.
22
Q
autonomy
A
Independence or freedom, ability to make one’s own decisions.
23
Q
beneficence
A
Doing good and acting in the best interest of a client by providing care that benefits them.
24
Q
Code of Ethics
A
Developed by the ANA, this document outlines rules for nurses about client privacy, nursing conduct, and nursing behaviors to protect clients and the profession.
25
Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA)
Ensures that all individuals, regardless of their insurance or financial status, have equal access to emergency medical care.
26
ethical decision making
Process of evaluating and choosing options in an ethically consistent manner using ethical principles.
27
ethical dilemmas
Situation where a critical choice must be made, but the solution may not be ethically acceptable.
28
fidelity
Keeping promises or commitments.
29
Good Samaritan laws
Provides for protection from claims of negligence for those who provide care without expectation of payment.
30
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, also known as the Privacy Act, is legislation to protect insurance coverage and private information of clients. Its purpose is to protect client privacy and personal health information for security breaches, particularly electronic data. It was established by the federal government with the goal of making health care more efficient.
Established in 1996 to reduce fraud and deter inappropriate use of client health care information.
31
human dignity
Implies that each individual, regardless of things such as race, religion, sex, gender, etc., has value and shall be respected simply because human beings are all equal.
32
implied consent
Agreement by the client to the administration of care as demonstrated by the client’s actions rather than by formal verbal or written consent.
33
informed consent
Formal permission granted with the knowledge of the possible consequences and alternatives.
34
integrity
The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles.
35
just culture
Values-supportive model of shared accountability and mindfulness.
36
nonmaleficence
Doing no harm, or the least amount of harm to the client, while trying to achieve the best possible outcome.
37
Sentinel event
An adverse event that should never occur.
38
social justice
Change in health policy aimed at analysis and critique of social structures, laws, and customs that harm groups through exclusion. Every person has the right to quality health care.
39
Standards of Practice
Explanatory statements that describe a competent level of care for all nurses, using the critical thinking model known as the nursing process
40
Standards of Professional Performance
Defines competent behavior of all registered nurses where professional care is provided.
41
tort
Carrying out an act, or failing to carry out an act, which results in injury or harm to a client.
42
veracity
Telling the truth.
43
whistleblowing
Reporting private information about an organization's wrongdoing or illegal activity.
44
1. A nurse truthfully answers a client's questions about their laboratory results. The nurse is demonstrating which of the following ethical principles?
A. Justice
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Fidelity
D. Veracity
D. Veracity
45
2. A nurse is an emergency department overhears a provider say they will not accept any more clients who do not have health insurance. Which of the following is the provider violating?
A. The Emergency Mecial Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA)
B. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)
C. Tort law
D. Good Samaritan laws
A. The Emergency Mecial Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA)
46
3. A nurse is caring for a client who asks why they chose the nursing profession. The nurse states that it was because they wanted to help others. The nurse is referring to which of the following professional values?
A. Integrity
B. Human dignity
C. Altruism
D. Social Justice
C. Altruism
47
4. A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about professional values. The nurse should include that which of the following is an example of autonomy?
A. A nurse provides the same quality care for every client.
B. A nurse maintains client confidentiality.
C. A nurse admits they forgot to change a client's dressing.
D. A nurse respects a client's wish to descontinue a treatment.
D. A nurse respects a client's wish to descontine a treatment
48
5. A nurse is providing privacy for a client who has incontinence. The nurse is demonstrating which of the following professional values?
A. Human dignity
B. Altruism
C. Social justice
D. Autonomy
A. Human dignity
49
6. A nurse stops at the side of the road to provide care to a person involved in a motor-vehicle crash. Which of the following protects the nurse from liability when administering care at the scene of an accident?
A. Whistleblower protection.
B. Good Samaritan laws.
C. Torts.
D. Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA).
B. Good Samaritan laws.
50
7. A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about ethical principles. The nurse include that which of the following situations is an example of fidelity?
A. A nurse involves a client in making decisions about their care.
B. A nurse implements fall precautions for a client who is at risk for falling.
C. A nurse tells the truth about forgetting to perform a procedure for a client.
D. A nurse keeps a promise to a client not to tell their family about their diagnosis.
D. A nurse keeps a promise to a client not to tell their family about their diagnosis.
51
8. A nurse notifies their supervisor that they accidentally administered the wrong medication to a client. The nurse is demonstrating which fo the following professional values?
A. Integrity
B. Human dignity
C. Altruism
D. Social justice
A. Integrity
52
9. A nurse is caring for a client who is alone and has just received a serious diagnosis. The client asks the nurse if they can pray together, and the nurse agrees. The nurse is demonstrating which of the following
ethical principles?
A. Autonomy
B. Beneficence
C. Nonmaleficence
D. Justice
B. Beneficence
53
10. A nurse at the end of their shift realizes they forgot to give a client their scheduled vitamins. The nurse decides to document that the vitamins were administered. Which of the following describes the nurse's action?
A. HIPAA violation
B. Falsification of records
C. Assault
D. Defamation
B. Falsification of records
54
11. A nurse is preparing to administer a PRN pain medication to a client but withholds the medication because the client is sleeping. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to provide the expected standard of care?
A. Document that the medication was not administered.
B. Document that the client is not experiencing pain.
C. Contact the provider to change the PRN prescription.
D. Fill out an incident report about the situation.
A. Document that the medication was not administered.
55
12. A nurse suspects their coworker might be under the influence of a chemical substance. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Counsel the coworker about substance use.
B. Report the coworker to the ethics committee at the facility.
C. Ask the coworker how long they have been using
D. Tell the charge nurse that the coworker might be impaired.
D. Tell the charge nurse that the coworker might be impaired.
56
13. A nurse who has been working 12-hr shifts on a busy unit is experiencing nurse fatigue. Which of the following effects can result from nurse fatigue?
A. Increase in communication skills.
B. Increase in effective clinical judgement.
C. Increase in medication errors.
D. Increase in productivity.
C. Increase in medication errors.
57
14. A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for surgery. Before the client has signed the informed consent form, the client states, "I didn't really understand what that doctor said." Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Explain the procedure in detail to the client.
B. Ask the provider to discuss the procedure with the client.
C. Encourage the client to reread the consent form before signing.
D. Tell the client that the surgeon will explain it to them in the operating room.
B. Ask the provider to discuss the procedure with the client.
58
15. A nurse is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses about professional values. Which of the following statements by a newly licensed nurse demonstrates an understanding of social justice?
A. "Health care should be a right for everyone."
B. "All clients should have a private room in a health care facility."
C. "I plan to volunteer at the local homeless shelter on muy days off."
D. "I will respect a client's right to refuse a procedure."
A. "Health care should be a right for everyone."
59
16. A nurse in an emergency department is caring for four clients. Which of the following clients requires mandatory reporting?
A. An adolescent client who has a fractured tibia following a football game
B. A young adultclient who is positive for tuberculosis.
C. An older adult client who has dementia, a history of falls, and bruising on their knees.
D. A preschooler who has frequent enuresis.
B. A young adultclient who is positive for tuberculosis.
60
17. A nurse is teaching a client about advance directives. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. "I need to choose a family member as my health care surrogate."
B. "Once I sign my advance directives, I cannot change my decisions."
C. "My health care surrogate will make health care decisions for me if I am unable."
D. "I need to have an attorney present to complete my advance directives."
C. "My health care surrogate will make health care decisions for me if I am unable."
61
18. A nurse is providing equal care to a group of clients who have varying economic statuses. Which fo the following ethical principles is the nurse demonstration?
A. Fidelity
B. Autonomy
C. Justice
D. Veracity
C. Justice
62
19. A nurse is reviewing standards of care with a group of newly hired nurses. The nurse should include which of the following incidents as an example of a breach of standards of care?
A. A nurse did not read back verbal medication prescription to a provider.
B. A nurse did not return to a client's room with a promised blanket.
C. A nurse documents client care as soon as it is completed.
D. A nurse forgot to call a client's family after performing a procedure.
A. A nurse did not read back verbal medication prescription to a provider.
63
20. A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about ethical principles. The nurse should include that a client who has chosen to sign a blood product refusal form is an example of which of the following ethical principles?
A. Veracity
B. Beneficence
C. Autonomy
D. Fidelity
C. Autonomy
64
The professional value of autonomy refers to
respecting the client's right to make their own decisions regarding their health care, including the right to refuse care.
65
The professional value of altruism is the
desire and motivation to help others, without any regard to self or wanting anything in return.
66
The professional value of human dignity is
recognizing that all human life has value and should be treated equally with respect, regardless of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, culture, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Providing private rooms to all clients in a health care facility is demonstrating respect and preserving clients' human dignity. However, it does not demonstrate an understanding of the professional value of social justice.
67
The ethical principle of fidelity refers to
the nurse's obligation to keep a promise. Keeping a promise to a client promotes trust between the client and the nurse.
68
The ethical principle of autonomy refers to the
nurse's obligation to respect the client's right to make their own decisions regarding their health care, including the right to refuse care.
69
The ethical principle of justice refers to an
obligation of the nurse to treat all clients the same regardless of age, sex, race, sexual orientation, or economic status.
70
The ethical principle of veracity refers to the
nurse's obligation to provide truthful information to the client, the provider, or the nursing supervisor.
71
The ethical principle of beneficence refers to the
nurse's obligation to implement actions that minimize harm and benefit clients. Beneficence includes meeting a client's physical, social, or emotional needs. The nurse is demonstrating beneficence by providing comfort and praying with the client who is alone.
72
The ethical principle of nonmaleficence refers to
the nurse's obligation to not cause intentional or unintentional harm to a client.
73
Diseases and illnesses that are considered a threat to public health, such as tuberculosis, HIV, and influenza, require
mandatory reporting to the health department to track and develop prevention and protection protocols.
74
The nurse should not counsel the coworker about
substance use. If the coworker requires counseling, it should be done by qualified, objective, professional counselors.
75
The nurse should not report SUD to the ethics committee. The ethics committee addresses
ethical issues pertaining to client care. If the coworker has been working while under the influence of a chemical substance, it might be necessary to report them to the State Board of Nursing.
76
The nurse should not confront their coworker about SUD because this can
put the safety of clients and others at risk.
77
The professional value of integrity involves
showing honesty and choosing to do what is right and fair, even when the situation is difficult. The nurse who admits that they administered the wrong medication to a client is demonstrating the professional value of integrity.
78
The professional value of human dignity is
recognizing that all human life has value and should be treated equally with respect, regardless of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, culture, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. The nurse who admits that they administered the wrong medication to a client is not demonstrating the professional value of human dignity.
79
The professional value of altruism is the
selfless desire to help someone else without any benefit. The nurse who admits that they administered the wrong medication to a client is not demonstrating the professional value of altruism.
80
The professional value of social justice is the
awareness of society's unequal treatment of vulnerable populations and promotes the equal distribution of health care to everyone. The nurse who admits that they administered the wrong medication to a client is not demonstrating the professional value of social justice.
81
The client can choose any person they wish to serve as their
health care surrogate to make health care decisions on their behalf if they are unable to do so.
82
The client can change decisions about
advance directives at any time.
83
The client chooses a health care surrogate who maintains the client's durable power of attorney. This document allows what
allows the health care surrogate to make health care decisions on the client's behalf if they are unable to do so.
84
Advance directives are documents in which
the client's wishes regarding health care are determined. An attorney is not required to complete advance directives.
85
The ethical principle of veracity refers to
the nurse's obligation to provide truthful information to the client, the provider, and the nursing supervisor. Truthfully answering a client's questions about their laboratory results is demonstrating the ethical principle of veracity.
86
The ethical principle of nonmaleficence refers to the nurse's
obligation to not cause intentional or unintentional harm to a client.
87
The ethical principle of fidelity refers to the nurse's
obligation to keep a promise to a client.
88
Maintaining client confidentiality is an example of the professional value of
human dignity
89
A nurse admitting they forgot to change a client's dressing is an example of the professional value of
integrity
90
Calling the client's family with the client's permission promotes
trust and communication. This action does not result in harm to the client and is not a breach of the standard of care.
91
If the client states that they are unclear about a procedure, the nurse should
contact the provider to return to answer the client's questions. The nurse should verify that the client has adequate knowledge to make the treatment decision before the client signs the informed consent form.
92
It is outside the nurse's scope of practice to_____ the surgical procedure to the client.
explain
93
The nurse should not assume that the client rereading the consent form will provide
understanding or answer their questions about the surgical procedure.
94
The client should have their questions answered before they sign consent and before entering the operating room to ensure
informed consent for the procedure is obtained.
95
The EMTALA was enacted to allow
clients to access the emergency departments of hospitals for equal care regardless of their ability to pay.
96
Refusing to accept clients who do not have health insurance is a violation of
the EMTALA.
97
HIPAA provides
privacy and confidentiality standards to protect clients' medical records and other health information.
98
A tort is
an intentional or unintentional act or failure to act that results in injury or harm to a client.
99
Good Samaritan laws protect people who
provide aid in the event of an emergency from being held liable for their well-intentioned actions.
100
Whistleblower protection laws are created to
protect nurses who report improper practice from retaliation by the organization, such as with suspension or harassment. Whistleblower protection is not used to protect a nurse from liability when administering care at the scene of an accident.
101
Good Samaritan laws protect people who provide aid in the event of an emergency from being held liable for their well-intentioned actions. The actions the nurse takes should be
within their scope of practice as a licensed nurse and should not be considered grossly negligent.
102
Torts exist to
protect the public, to determine liability, and settle claims for illness or damages.
103
The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) was enacted to
direct emergency medical personnel to provide care to clients entering an emergency department, regardless of their ability to pay.
104
This act was established to ensure that all individuals, regardless of their insurance or financial status, have equal access to emergency medical care.
EMTALA
105
This ACT means that an emergency department cannot turn away clients for reasons such as being under or uninsured or being unable to pay for care.
EMTALA
