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Micro Finals > Test 1 Review > Flashcards

Test 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

The compound responsible for regulation all biological processes are?

A
  • enzymes
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2
Q

Amino acids are the building blocks of

A
  • proteins
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3
Q

enzymes are necessary i biochemical reactions because?

A
  • they lower activation energies
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4
Q

the peptidoglycan layer in gram-positive cells is formed by all of the following except?

a) NAM and NAG b) teichoic acids
c) LPS d) all of the above
e) none of the above

A

LPS

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5
Q

5) The structure of plasma membranes is mainly due to
a) NAM and NAG b) peptidoglycan
c) phospholipids d) proteins
e) carbohydrates

A

c. phospholipids

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6
Q

Cells lacking a membrane-bound nucleus are called:

a) eukaryotes b) mycoplasmas
c) prokaryotes d) fungi
e) viruses

A

c. prokaryotes

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7
Q

Glucose. sucrose and starch can all be classified as:

a) proteins b) polymers
c) lipids d) carbohydrates

A

d) carbohydrates

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8
Q

The tertiary structure of proteins is composed of various subunits
A) TRUE b) FALSE

A

b) FALSE

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9
Q

Which of the following has a very thick, waxy cell wall:

a) archaea b) mycoplasma
c) mycobacteria d) Gram-negative bacteria
e) Gram-positive bacteria

A

c) mycobacteria

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10
Q

The loss of an electron during a chemical reaction is referred to as:

a) dehydration b) condensation
c) reduction d) oxidation

A

d) oxidation

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11
Q

Acids are compounds which have a pH:

a) above 8.0 b) below 8.0
c) less than 7.0 d) above 5.0
e) above 7.0

A

c) less than 7.0

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12
Q

The backbone of the peptidoglycan layer is made up of what kind of molecules?

a) polypeptides b) fatty acids
c) nucleic acids d) polysaccharides
e) phospholipids

A

d) polysaccharides

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13
Q

The plasma membrane in bacteria is made up of all of the following EXCEPT:

a) phospholipids b) hopanoids
c) peptidoglycan d) proteins

A

c. peptidoglycan

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14
Q

The interior of cells is called:

a) cytoplasm b) vitreous
c) membrane d) organelles
e) vesicles

A

a. cytoplasm

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15
Q

Proteins that span the membrane from inside to outside are called:

a) membrane proteins b) surface proteins
c) hopanoids d) integral proteins
e) none of the above

A

d. integral protein

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16
Q

Where in bacterial cells, does the conversion of electron energy (reducing power) into ATP happen?

a) mitochondria b) lamellae
c) periplasmic space d) cell membrane
e) nucleus

A

d. cell membrane

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17
Q

Nucleic acids are long chains of:

a) amino acids b) carbohydrates
c) proteins d) nucleotides
e) fatty acids

A

d. nucloetides

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18
Q

Which of the following is the correct scientific notation

a) Staphylococcus epidermidis b) Mycobacterium Phlei
c) Escherichia coli d) plasmodium falciparum

A

a) Staphylococcus epidermidis

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19
Q

Endospores

a) are bacterial reproductive structures
b) may be produced when nutrients are scarce
c) are resistant only to drying
d) only last a few years

A

b) may be produced when nutrients are scarce

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20
Q

The primary structure of proteins is held together by which one of the following

a) peptide bonds b) glycosidic bonds
c) disulfide bonds d) hydrogen bonds

A

a. peptide bonds

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21
Q

glycocalyx

A

e. an outer layer of polysaccharides

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22
Q

cocus

A

a. a single sphere shaped cell

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23
Q

peritrichous

A

d. having many flagella all over the cell

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24
Q

spirochete

A

c. a very thin corkscrew-shaped cell

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25
Q

The development of solid culture media happened in the lab of:

a) Louis Pasteur b) Joseph Lister
c) Robert Koch d) Ignaz Semmelweiss

A

c. Robert Koch

26
Q

Which of the following scientists provided definitive evidence against the concept of spontaneous generation?

a) Louis Pasteur b) Francesco Redi
c) Robert Koch d) Ignaz Semmelweiss

A

Louis Pasteur

27
Q

The place where enzymes bind to their specific substrate is called:

a) active site b) allosteric site
c) apo-site d) inhibitory site

A

a. active site

28
Q

Capsules constitute part of the cell wall.

A) TRUE b) FALSE

A

b. false

29
Q

Pili are tubes of protein involved in conjugation.

A) TRUE b) FALSE

A

a. true

30
Q

Endospores are only found in bacteria.

A) TRUE b) FALSE

A

a. true

31
Q

Cells that absorb their nutrients from dead tissue

A

a. fungi

32
Q

Organisms that live in extreme environmental conditions

A

e. archae

33
Q

Single-celled autotrophic eukaryotes

A

d. algae

34
Q

Organisms having no true nuclei

A

b. bacteria

35
Q

Usually free-swimming single-celled heterotrophs

A

c. protozoa

36
Q

Infections like athletes’ foot and jock itch are classified as

a) opportunistic b) dermatomycoses
c) systemic d) accidental

A

b. dermatomycoses

37
Q

The causative agent of thrush

a) Coccidioides immitis b) Candida albicans
c) Trichomonas vaginalis d) Cryptosporidium parvum

A

b. candida albicans

38
Q

Plasmodium is a blood parasite of mammals causing:

a) African sleeping sickness b) kala-azar
c) malaria d) tuberculosis
e) Chagas disease

A

c. malaria

39
Q

When Plasmodium first colonizes the human host which cells are affected?

a) red blood cells	b)	liver cells
c) white blood cells	d)	kidney cells
A

b. liver cells

40
Q

40) The most common cause of dysentery in humans is
a) Amoeba b) Balantidium
c) Giardia d) Entamoeba
e) Toxoplasma

A

d. entamoeba

41
Q

coccidiodes

A

c. valley fever

42
Q

trypanosoma

A

d. tsetse fly

43
Q

trichinella

A

a. uncooked meat

44
Q

taenia

A

b. many mammal hosts

45
Q

The movement of electrons from one chemical to another is described in which type of reactions

a) acid-base reactions b) redox reactions
c) condensation reactions d) hydration reactions

A

b. redox reactions

46
Q

When yeast run out of O2, how do they keep catabolizing?

a) carry out fermentation b) they don’t, they die
c) anaerobic respiration d) they produce endospores

A

a. carry out fermentation

47
Q

The number of ATP molecules produced by oxidative phosphorylation is dependent on which of the following

a) the amount of fatty acids
b) the number of NADH molecules produced
c) the number of electrons entering the electron transport system
d) the amount of protein in the cell

A
  • the number of elctrons entering the elctron transport system
48
Q

The step in protein catabolism resulting in the formation of ammonia is called?

a) amination b) ammonification
c) nitration d) deamination

A

d. deamination

49
Q

The catabolism of fatty acids that results in the formation of acetylCoA is called?

a) saponification b) reduction
c) hydrogenation d) -oxidation

A

d. b-oxidation

50
Q

Chemiosmosis is the way cells maintain their pH balance

a) TRUE b) FALSE

A

b. false

51
Q

Which of the following is an example of anaerobic respiration:

a) production of methogen by bacteria
b) production of sulfate by bacteria
c) release of ammonia by bacteria
d) production of propionic acid

A

a. production of methogen by bacteria

52
Q

The enzyme that is responsible for ATP production in ETS is:

a) ATPase b) NADH reductase
c) catalase d) amylase

A

a. ATPase

53
Q

The compounds responsible for moving electrons along the ETS are:

a) reductases b) phospholipids
c) FADH2 d) cytochromes

A

d cytochromes

54
Q

The direct result of electron movement through the ETS is:

a) the reduction of oxygen b) ATP production
c) movement of H+ across a membrane d) NAD production

A

c. movement of H+ across a membrane

55
Q

The direct result of electron movement through the ETS is:

a) the reduction of oxygen b) ATP production
c) movement of H+ across a membrane d) NAD production

A

b. autotrophs

56
Q

Psychrophilic bacteria grow best at which temperature

a) 10oC b) 55oC c) 20oC d) 37oC

A

a. 10 C

57
Q

Bacteria found in high pH environments are known as:

a) dead b) acidophiles c) thermophiles
d) alkalophiles

A

d. alkalophiles

58
Q

Micro-nutrients are most often found serving in what function?

a) in the macro-molecules of all cells
b) as co-factors in enzymes
c) as part of cell walls
d) as part of cell membranes

A

b. as co-factors in enzymes

59
Q

Which of the following groups would be most likely to cause human disease

a) barophiles b) alkalophiles
c) mesophiles d) osmophiles

A

c. mesophiles

60
Q

The optimal growth temperature of a bacterium is MOST CLOSELY related to the optimal temperature for:

a) DNA replication b) DNA transcription
c) enzyme function d) spore formation

A

c. enzyme function

Micro Finals (10 decks)

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