Test 1 Review Flashcards
The compound responsible for regulation all biological processes are?
- enzymes
Amino acids are the building blocks of
- proteins
enzymes are necessary i biochemical reactions because?
- they lower activation energies
the peptidoglycan layer in gram-positive cells is formed by all of the following except?
a) NAM and NAG b) teichoic acids
c) LPS d) all of the above
e) none of the above
LPS
5) The structure of plasma membranes is mainly due to
a) NAM and NAG b) peptidoglycan
c) phospholipids d) proteins
e) carbohydrates
c. phospholipids
Cells lacking a membrane-bound nucleus are called:
a) eukaryotes b) mycoplasmas
c) prokaryotes d) fungi
e) viruses
c. prokaryotes
Glucose. sucrose and starch can all be classified as:
a) proteins b) polymers
c) lipids d) carbohydrates
d) carbohydrates
The tertiary structure of proteins is composed of various subunits
A) TRUE b) FALSE
b) FALSE
Which of the following has a very thick, waxy cell wall:
a) archaea b) mycoplasma
c) mycobacteria d) Gram-negative bacteria
e) Gram-positive bacteria
c) mycobacteria
The loss of an electron during a chemical reaction is referred to as:
a) dehydration b) condensation
c) reduction d) oxidation
d) oxidation
Acids are compounds which have a pH:
a) above 8.0 b) below 8.0
c) less than 7.0 d) above 5.0
e) above 7.0
c) less than 7.0
The backbone of the peptidoglycan layer is made up of what kind of molecules?
a) polypeptides b) fatty acids
c) nucleic acids d) polysaccharides
e) phospholipids
d) polysaccharides
The plasma membrane in bacteria is made up of all of the following EXCEPT:
a) phospholipids b) hopanoids
c) peptidoglycan d) proteins
c. peptidoglycan
The interior of cells is called:
a) cytoplasm b) vitreous
c) membrane d) organelles
e) vesicles
a. cytoplasm
Proteins that span the membrane from inside to outside are called:
a) membrane proteins b) surface proteins
c) hopanoids d) integral proteins
e) none of the above
d. integral protein
Where in bacterial cells, does the conversion of electron energy (reducing power) into ATP happen?
a) mitochondria b) lamellae
c) periplasmic space d) cell membrane
e) nucleus
d. cell membrane
Nucleic acids are long chains of:
a) amino acids b) carbohydrates
c) proteins d) nucleotides
e) fatty acids
d. nucloetides
Which of the following is the correct scientific notation
a) Staphylococcus epidermidis b) Mycobacterium Phlei
c) Escherichia coli d) plasmodium falciparum
a) Staphylococcus epidermidis
Endospores
a) are bacterial reproductive structures
b) may be produced when nutrients are scarce
c) are resistant only to drying
d) only last a few years
b) may be produced when nutrients are scarce
The primary structure of proteins is held together by which one of the following
a) peptide bonds b) glycosidic bonds
c) disulfide bonds d) hydrogen bonds
a. peptide bonds
glycocalyx
e. an outer layer of polysaccharides
cocus
a. a single sphere shaped cell
peritrichous
d. having many flagella all over the cell
spirochete
c. a very thin corkscrew-shaped cell
The development of solid culture media happened in the lab of:
a) Louis Pasteur b) Joseph Lister
c) Robert Koch d) Ignaz Semmelweiss
c. Robert Koch
Which of the following scientists provided definitive evidence against the concept of spontaneous generation?
a) Louis Pasteur b) Francesco Redi
c) Robert Koch d) Ignaz Semmelweiss
Louis Pasteur
The place where enzymes bind to their specific substrate is called:
a) active site b) allosteric site
c) apo-site d) inhibitory site
a. active site
Capsules constitute part of the cell wall.
A) TRUE b) FALSE
b. false
Pili are tubes of protein involved in conjugation.
A) TRUE b) FALSE
a. true
Endospores are only found in bacteria.
A) TRUE b) FALSE
a. true
Cells that absorb their nutrients from dead tissue
a. fungi
Organisms that live in extreme environmental conditions
e. archae
Single-celled autotrophic eukaryotes
d. algae
Organisms having no true nuclei
b. bacteria
Usually free-swimming single-celled heterotrophs
c. protozoa
Infections like athletes’ foot and jock itch are classified as
a) opportunistic b) dermatomycoses
c) systemic d) accidental
b. dermatomycoses
The causative agent of thrush
a) Coccidioides immitis b) Candida albicans
c) Trichomonas vaginalis d) Cryptosporidium parvum
b. candida albicans
Plasmodium is a blood parasite of mammals causing:
a) African sleeping sickness b) kala-azar
c) malaria d) tuberculosis
e) Chagas disease
c. malaria
When Plasmodium first colonizes the human host which cells are affected?
a) red blood cells b) liver cells c) white blood cells d) kidney cells
b. liver cells
40) The most common cause of dysentery in humans is
a) Amoeba b) Balantidium
c) Giardia d) Entamoeba
e) Toxoplasma
d. entamoeba
coccidiodes
c. valley fever
trypanosoma
d. tsetse fly
trichinella
a. uncooked meat
taenia
b. many mammal hosts
The movement of electrons from one chemical to another is described in which type of reactions
a) acid-base reactions b) redox reactions
c) condensation reactions d) hydration reactions
b. redox reactions
When yeast run out of O2, how do they keep catabolizing?
a) carry out fermentation b) they don’t, they die
c) anaerobic respiration d) they produce endospores
a. carry out fermentation
The number of ATP molecules produced by oxidative phosphorylation is dependent on which of the following
a) the amount of fatty acids
b) the number of NADH molecules produced
c) the number of electrons entering the electron transport system
d) the amount of protein in the cell
- the number of elctrons entering the elctron transport system
The step in protein catabolism resulting in the formation of ammonia is called?
a) amination b) ammonification
c) nitration d) deamination
d. deamination
The catabolism of fatty acids that results in the formation of acetylCoA is called?
a) saponification b) reduction
c) hydrogenation d) -oxidation
d. b-oxidation
Chemiosmosis is the way cells maintain their pH balance
a) TRUE b) FALSE
b. false
Which of the following is an example of anaerobic respiration:
a) production of methogen by bacteria
b) production of sulfate by bacteria
c) release of ammonia by bacteria
d) production of propionic acid
a. production of methogen by bacteria
The enzyme that is responsible for ATP production in ETS is:
a) ATPase b) NADH reductase
c) catalase d) amylase
a. ATPase
The compounds responsible for moving electrons along the ETS are:
a) reductases b) phospholipids
c) FADH2 d) cytochromes
d cytochromes
The direct result of electron movement through the ETS is:
a) the reduction of oxygen b) ATP production
c) movement of H+ across a membrane d) NAD production
c. movement of H+ across a membrane
The direct result of electron movement through the ETS is:
a) the reduction of oxygen b) ATP production
c) movement of H+ across a membrane d) NAD production
b. autotrophs
Psychrophilic bacteria grow best at which temperature
a) 10oC b) 55oC c) 20oC d) 37oC
a. 10 C
Bacteria found in high pH environments are known as:
a) dead b) acidophiles c) thermophiles
d) alkalophiles
d. alkalophiles
Micro-nutrients are most often found serving in what function?
a) in the macro-molecules of all cells
b) as co-factors in enzymes
c) as part of cell walls
d) as part of cell membranes
b. as co-factors in enzymes
Which of the following groups would be most likely to cause human disease
a) barophiles b) alkalophiles
c) mesophiles d) osmophiles
c. mesophiles
The optimal growth temperature of a bacterium is MOST CLOSELY related to the optimal temperature for:
a) DNA replication b) DNA transcription
c) enzyme function d) spore formation
c. enzyme function
