Diseases and Epidemiology Flashcards
Categories of disease
- hereditary
- degenerative
- neoplastic
- idiopathic
- infectious
infectious diseases
- contamination and infection
- etiology
Koch’s postulates
Suspected pathogen present in every case of the disease
Pathogen must be isolated and grown in pure culture
Cultured pathogen must cause disease in experimental host
Same pathogen must be isolated from experimental host
Exceptions :
Disease progressioin
transmission
- portals o f entry
- portals of exit
portals of entry
Skin Mucous membranes Placenta Parenteral Aerosol
portals of exit
Aerosols
Body fluids
Excretions
stages of a disease
Incubation Prodromal Acute Decline Convalescence
incubation period
- no signs or symptoms
prodromal period
- vague
- general symptoms
- illness
most severe signs and symptoms
decline
- declining signs and symptoms
convalescence
- no signs or symptomes
epidemiology
- study of the progess of disease withi a population
epidemiology goals
Identify disease sources
Determine disease patterns
Recommend preventative strategies
epediomology terms
Incidence Prevalence Acute Chronic Exogenous Endogenous Nosocomial Local infection Systemic infection Focal infection Primary infection Secondary infection
reservoirs
- animals
- humans
- environmental
animals
- zoonoses
humans
- active
- asymptomatic
enviromental
- soil
- water
- food
disease patterns
Endemic
Epidemic
Pandemic
Sporadic
factors affecting spread of disease
- carriers (active, convalescent, asymptomatic, incubation)
- infectious dose
- prior exposure: immunity
- general health
studies
Analytical
Common source
Propagated source
Experimental
epidemic control
Reduction of source Isolation Quarantine Destruction Treatment Immunization
Breaking the chain of infection
- sanitation
- monitor food supply
- destruction of vectors
- reducing susceptibility
