Test 1: Periotic Table & Electron Configuration Flashcards
Periodic means
repeating pattern
Periodic Table is really a
Repeating table: where elements which react similarly are grouped together and that reactivity tends to repeat itself.
On the periodic table, all of the atoms in the middle block are known as
Transition metals or Transition elements (although they are all metals).
On the periodic table, the block that is separated from the rest of the table and put down below is known as
the Inner Transition metals. This block actually belongs in the middle of the normal periodic table
The four major groupings on the periodic table
Metals
Non-metals
Metalloids
Noble gases
Metalloid properties are similar to both
metals and non metals
Properties of metals
malleable (can be hammered into a thin sheet), ductile (can be drawn into a thin wire), lustrous (shiny, reflective), and they conduct Electricity and heat.
Properties of nonmetals
tend to be brittle in their solid forms, and poor conductors of both electricity and heat.
Properties of metalloids
Topside: nonmetals with some properties of metals
Bottom-side: metals with some properties of nonmetals.
the only particles on the surface that interact with the surroundings of an atom are
electrons
Valence electrons dictate
how atoms interact with other atoms, which influences physical properties and chemical reactivity of the elements as a whole.
Electrons are confined to discrete areas called
orbitals
it is natural for each electron to fall into the ___ energy orbital possible
lowest
electrons fit into discrete energy levels known as
shells
Shells contain
subshells
Each shell contains a number of
subshells
Orbitals are categorized as
s (lowest energy), p, d, or f-type(highest energy)
Different atoms react the same when
They have the same number of electrons in the same type of orbital on the atom surface.
How many orbitals are on each sub-shell? (S,p,d,f)
The s subshell contains 1 orbital, the p subshell contains 3 orbitals, d contains 5 orbitals, and f contains 7 orbitals.
Each orbital can contain
2 electrons per orbital
(ie s(1) can hold 2 electrons, p(3) can hold 6…)
the radius of an atom __ as we go down within a group on the periodic table
increases
the atomic radius tends to __ as we move across a row in the periodic table
decrease
ionization energy of an atom
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom
electron affinity
The energy released when an atom gains an electron
Ionization energy and electron affinity tend to
increase going across a row in the periodic table and to decrease going down a column.
