Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Child Development > Test 1 Learning Objectives 3-4 > Flashcards

Test 1 Learning Objectives 3-4 Flashcards

0
Q

How long does the period of the zygote last?

A

2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the three phases of prenatal development?

A

Zygote, embryo, fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long does the period of the embryo last?

A

6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How long does period of the fetus last?

A

9th week to end of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • fertilization until drifts down and out of the Fallopian tube and attaches to the uterus.
  • multiplies and forms a blastocyst.
  • blastocyst burrows into the uterine lining.
  • Structures that feed and protect the organism begin to form.
A

Period of the zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The most rapid changes take place, as the ground work is laid for all body structures and internal organs.
-most sensitive to teratogens

A

Period of the embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • Growth and finishing phase
  • Rapid increases in size
  • gender is evident
  • rotate to upside down
A

Period of the fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the age of viability?

A

If the baby is born between 22-26 weeks, it is likely to live.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The most rapid growth in our lives takes place during…

A

The prenatal period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

refers to any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period.

A

Teratogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 factors of teratogens?

A
  1. Dose
  2. Heredity
  3. Other negative influences
  4. Age of the fetus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

larger of these over longer time periods usually have negative effects

A

Dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Genetic makeup of the mother and the developing organism plays an important role. Some are better able than others to withstand harmful environments.

A

Heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

several bad factors at once, such as additional teratogens, poor nutrition, and lack of medical care, can worsen the impact of a single harmful agent.

A

Other negative influences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the effect of teratogens vary with the age of the organism at time of exposure. Not age of the mother, but age of the baby.

A

Age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • Slow physical growth
  • Three facial abnormalities
  • Brain injury,small head
  • many mental Impairments
A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • Two of three facial abnormalities
  • Brain injury, evident in at least three areas of impaired functioning
  • mothers drank in smaller quantities.
  • Defects vary with the timing and length of alcohol exposure
A

Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (p-FAS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • At least three areas of mental functioning are impaired despite typical physical growth
  • Absence of facial abnormalities
A

Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three facial abnormalities for fetal alcohol syndrome?

A

(1) short eyelid openings, (2) thin upper lip, (3) indentation running from the bottom of the nose to the center of the upper lip.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List other agents, in addition to alcohol, known to be or suspected of being teratogens. (5 of them)

A

drugs, tobacco, radiation, pollution, infectious disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Currently, the most widely used teratogen is ….., used to treat severe acne. Exposure can result in eye, ear, skull, brain, heart, and immune system abnormalities.

A

Accutane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

linked with low birth weight, infant death around time of birth, poor motor development, lower Intelligence scores

A

Aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

low birth weight and miscarriage increase

A

Caffeine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

increased risk of premature and birth complications, including respiratory distress, and high blood pressure in infancy

A

Antidepressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

did not know it was damaging until the children were older

A

DES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

babies were born with missing limbs and other impairments

A

Thalidomide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Babies are less attentive to the environment, and motor development is slow

A

Heroin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

eye, bone, genital, unitary tract, kidney, and heart deformities. Brain hemorrhages and seizures

A

Cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Effects vary but can include low birth weight and prematurity

A

Marijuana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q
  • Low birth weight, miscarriage, prematurity, impaired heart rate and breathing during sleep, infant death, and asthma
  • causes the placenta to grow abnormally
A

Tobacco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q
  • First apparent in women who survived Hiroshima and Nagasaki
  • Miscarriage and underdeveloped brains, physical deformities, and slow physical growth
  • Problems may appear later
  • Even low amounts can increase risk of childhood cancer
A

Radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

physical deformities, mental retardation, abnormal speech, difficulty chewing and swallowing, uncoordinated movements. Brain damage. Often found in fish.

A

Environmental pollution- mercury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

prematurity, low birth weight, brain damage, physical defects even low levels of exposure may be dangerous.

A

Environmental pollution- lead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

brain, immune system, and thyroid damage

A

Environmental pollution- dioxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

deafness, eye deformities, heart, genital, urinary, intestinal, bone, and dental defects,and mental retardation

A

Viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

can cause brain damage and delayed mental and motor development

A

HIV/AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

eye and brain damage, mild visual and cognitive impairments, learning or visual disabilities. Can be avoided by making sure meat is fully cooked, having pet cats checked and not cleaning litter boxes.

A

Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what are other maternal factors that can have an impact on prenatal development? (6 of them)

A

Exercise, nutrition, malnutrition, stress, blood incompatibility, maternal age and previous births

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Working up a sweat for more than 30 minutes, 4 or 5 days a week, especially late in pregnancy results in…

A

Lower birth weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

True or false: Should do moderate exercise to promote mothers and baby’s health

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Regarding nutrition, what helps ensure the health of the mother and the baby?

A

Healthy diet with gradual increase in calories

41
Q

What are some things that malnutrition can cause?

A

Miscarriages, babies with defects, respiratory illness, irritable.

42
Q

…..reduces the risk of anencephaly and spina bifida

A

Folic acid

43
Q

…helps prevent maternal high blood pressure and premature births

A

Calcium

44
Q

During….large amounts of blood are being provided to other parts of the body, so other organs like the uterus and not getting the full amount of blood. Thus, the fetus is deprived of a full supply of oxygen and nutrients.

A

Emotional stress

45
Q

when the inherited blood types of mother and fetus differ

A

Blood Incompatibility

46
Q

when the baby inherits the blood type of the father. Destroys red blood cells, reducing the oxygen supply to organs and tissues.

A

Rh factor incompatibility

47
Q

Increased risk of infertility, miscarriage, and babies born with chromosomal defects.

A

Maternal age and previous births

48
Q

inadequate care is more common in …. These babies are Three times as likely to be born underweight and five times as likely to die.

A

adolescent, low-income, and ethnic minority mothers

49
Q

What are some barriers to seeking prenatal care?

A

Lack health insurance, engage in high risk behaviors

50
Q

difficulty finding a doctor, getting an appointment, transportation, and bad experiences with clinic staff

A

Situational barriers

51
Q

stress, the demand of taking care of other young children, family crises, lack of knowledge,

A

Personal barriers

52
Q

after each checkup, trained leaders provide minority expectant mothers with a group discussion session which is conducted in their native language

A

Group prenatal care

53
Q

a general term for a variety of impairments in muscle coordination caused by brain damage before, during, or just after birth. 10 percent experienced anoxia.

A

Cerebral palsy

54
Q

premature separation of the placenta. Causes constriction of blood vessels and abnormal development of the placenta, sometimes caused by tobacco and cocaine. High rate of infant death.

A

Placenta abruptio

55
Q

condition caused by implantation of the blastocyst so low in the uterus that the placenta covers the cervical opening. The placenta may detach while the mother is dilating.

A

Placenta previa

56
Q

Oxygen deprivation at birth

A

Anoxia

57
Q

born several weeks or more before their due date

A

Preterm

58
Q

Below their expected weight considering length of pregnancy. Usually have more serious problems. In the first year, they are more likely to die, catch infections, and show evidence of brain damage.

A

Small for date infants

59
Q

Special infant stimulation-

A

gently rocking, touching, kangaroo care

60
Q

shine bright light at eyes or clap hand near head. Infant should quickly close eyes.

A

Eye blink

61
Q

What is the function of eye blink?

A

Protects infant from strong stimulation.

62
Q

What is the age of disappearance for eye blink?

A

Permanent

63
Q

When stroking cheek near corner of mouth, head turns toward source if stimulation.

A

Rooting

64
Q

What is the function of rooting?

A

Help find nipple

65
Q

What is the age of disappearance for rooting?

A

3 weeks

66
Q

place finger in infants mouth, infant sucks finger rhythmically.

A

Sucking

67
Q

What is the function of sucking?

A

Permits feeding

68
Q

What is the age of disappearance for sucking?

A

4 months

69
Q

place infant face down in pool of water, baby paddles and kicks

A

Swimming

70
Q

Function of swimming?

A

Helps infant survive if dropped in water

71
Q

Age of disappearance for swimming?

A

4-6 months

72
Q

hold horizontally on back and let head drop slightly, or produce a sudden loud sound against surface supporting infant. Infant makes an embracing motion by arching back, extending legs, throwing arms outward, and then bringing arms in toward the body.

A

Moro

73
Q

Function of Moro?

A

may have helped infant cling to mother.

74
Q

Moro age of disappearance?

A

6 months

75
Q

place finger in infants hand and press against Palm. Infant spontaneously grasps finger

A

Palmar grasp

76
Q

Function of palmar grasp?

A

Prepares for voluntary grasping

77
Q

Palmar grasp age of disappearance?

A

3-4 months

78
Q

turn head to one side while infant is awake on back. Infant lies in a fencing position. One arm is extended in front of eyes on side to which head is turned, other arm is flexed.

A

Tonic neck

79
Q

Function of tonic neck

A

May prepare for voluntary reaching

80
Q

Tonic neck age of disappearance

A

4 months

81
Q

hold infant under arms and permit bare feet to touch a flat surface. Infant lifts one foot after another in stepping response

A

Stepping

82
Q

Function of stepping?

A

Prepares for walking

83
Q

Stepping age of disappearance?

A

2 months in those who gain weight quickly, sustained in lighter infants.

84
Q

stroke sole of foot from toe toward heel. Toes fan out and curl as foot twists in.

A

Babinski

85
Q

Function of Babinski?

A

Unknown

86
Q

Babinski age of disappearance?

A

8-12 months

87
Q

What is the importance of assessing newborn reflexes?

A
  • Can reveal the health of nervous system
  • Can be a sign of brain damage if these reflexes are weak, and persist past the point of development that should have disappeared.
88
Q
  • Sensitivity to this is well developed at birth
  • Responds to this especially around the mouth, palms, and on the soles of feet.
  • Can distinguish shapes and textures.
  • Infants are very sensitive to pain.
A

Touch

89
Q
  • Can respond to these they like and don’t like.
  • A taste previously disliked can come to be preferred when it paired with relief of hunger
  • Can taste in the womb
A

Taste

90
Q

pair the food they don’t like with hunger and they will learn to like the food

A

Classical conditioning

91
Q

Can help locate food source and distinguish their caregiver from other people.

A

Smell

92
Q
  • Can hear a wide variety of sounds at birth

- Improves greatly over the first few months

A

Sound

93
Q

At birth, infants prefer…. sounds, such as…..

A

Complex,

Noises and voices

94
Q

Infants as young as….turn their eyes and heads in the general direction of sound.

A

3 days

95
Q

Least developed sense of the newborn

A

Vision

96
Q

evaluates the baby’s reflexes, muscle tone, state changes, responsiveness to physical and social stimuli, and other reactions.

A

NBAS

97
Q

used to assess the newborns physical condition quickly

A

APGAR scale

98
Q

Score of ….or better indicates that the infant is in good physical condition.

A

7

99
Q

A score between….the baby requires assistance in establishing breathing and other vital signs.

A

4 and 6

100
Q

A score of… or below, the infant is in serious danger and requires serious medical attention.

A

3

Child Development (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions