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VAP Lab and Lecture > TEST 1 (Lab 3) > Flashcards

TEST 1 (Lab 3) Flashcards

1
Q

what role does calcium play

A

Calcium ions, once released, acts as a catalyst by diffusing into the myofibrils, thereby promoting the contraction process

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2
Q

how does a muscle contract

A

Each muscle fiber receives its own nerve impulses, which trigger various motions

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3
Q

another 2 names for left AV valve

A

biscuspid valve or mitral valve

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4
Q

what are muscles

A

the main contractile tissues of the body involved in movement

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5
Q

what is the sciatic nerve

A

runs by the SM/ST muscle group so you have to be carful
If you hit that nerve
you could cause paralysis

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6
Q

antibodies

A

build immunity

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7
Q

what does it sound like

A

Often sound like a “whooshing” sound instead of sharp “lub dub” sound

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8
Q

what does the right side of the heart deal with mainly

A
  • deoxginated blood

- goes into the lungs and gets oxygenated and enters the left side of the heart.

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9
Q

Myofibril

A

any of the elongated contractile threads found in striated muscle cells

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10
Q

are smooth muscles voluntary or involuntary

A

They are involuntary and are under the control of the autonomic nervous system

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11
Q

the pulmonary vein brings oxginated blood to the ______

A

heart

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12
Q

filaments

A

thread like muscle fiber

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13
Q

the pulmonary artery brings oxginated blood to the ______

A

lungs

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14
Q

where are smooth muscle found

A

found within the internal organs such as intestines, stomach and bladder

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15
Q

how long does a latent period last

A

10ms

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16
Q

what do rich capillarys do

A

smallest of all blood vessels) distribution

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17
Q

why are cardiac muscles unique

A

they are striated muscle, but not under voluntary control

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18
Q

what do veins do

A

take the un-oxyginated cells back to the heart to get re-oxyginated

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19
Q

what do smooth muscles not require to function

A

Although they do not require external stimulation to work

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20
Q

Fascicle

A

a bundle of structures, such as nerve or muscle fibers

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21
Q

voluntary muscles

A

can be controlled by thought

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22
Q

Account for up to _____ of the animals body weight

A

50%

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23
Q

how long does a contraction period last

A

40ms

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24
Q

heart

A

core of circulatory system

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25
where are skeletal muscle found
found everywhere in the body as they predominately attach to portions of the skeleton
26
fetal circulation
build immunity
27
what is it caused by
- leaky heart valves - weak heart valves - bacterial infection - congestive heart failure (CHF) - enlarged heart
28
innocent heart murmer
- no symptoms - found in puppies - goes away with age
29
what are the proteins organized into
thick and thin filaments called myofilaments
30
erythrocyte
red blood cell
31
AV stands for what
atrioventricular valves
32
how long does a relaxation period last
50ms
33
dub means
when valves open and let blood in
34
Tachycardia
abnormally fast hr
35
what is unique about smooth muscles cells
- they are much smaller - they contract a shorter distance - they contract in many directions
36
what is a rich capillary
the smallest of all blood vessels
37
walls of the arteries
thick elastic and muscular
38
what is another name for an injection that goes into the. epaxial muscle
lumbar injection
39
are the fibres in smooth muscles arranged in a certain pattern
no
40
what are muscles attached to
- bones - other muscles - skin
41
heart rate in dogs
60 -140 beats per minute (slower in large breed dogs)
42
what does this interaction allow (functionality)
- allows the cardiac-muscle cells to contract easily without external stimulation, in unison; - that ability keeps the heartbeat synchronized.
43
pulmonary
lungs (resp system)
44
what role do white blood cells play in immunity
Granulocytes Agranulocytes Antibodies Fetal circulation
45
heart rate in cats
140-220
46
which are 2 less common places to receive and injection
trapezius | triceps
47
what do smooth muscles require to function
they do require specific impulses from autonomic nerves
48
lub means
when valves close and let blood out
49
Agranulocytes
active immunity, front line defence
50
what is a heart murmer
Extra heart vibrations/sounds produced by a disturbance in blood flow
51
systemic
whole system head to toe
52
what body functions does the autonomic nervous system regulate
- heart rate  - digestion  - respiratory rate - pupillary response - urination - sexual arousal
53
are cardiac muscles voluntary or involuntary
involuntary
54
what do they do
cause motion and produce force that the body uses to move and manipulate the body. 
55
another name for right AV valve
tricuspid valve
56
what happens when a signal or an impulse travels down the nerve to the muscle
the muscle fiber changes chemical energy into mechanical energy, and the result is muscle contraction. 
57
what do capillaries do
take the oxygenated red blood cells to the smaller parts of the body
58
what do cardiac muscles have
striations, or stripes
59
all or none law
the principle that the strength by which a nerve or muscle fiber responds to a stimulus is independent of the strength of the stimulus. If that stimulus exceeds the threshold potential, the nerve or muscle fiber will give a complete response; otherwise, there is no response.
60
name 3 disadvantages
- only can give 10ml - local pain - expensive - nerve damage
61
what are cardiac muscles closely interconnected with
intercalated discs
62
flexor muscles
bend the joints, act to pick up the limb
63
grade 6
very loud, audible with stethoscope barely touching the chest; the vibration is also strong enough to be felt through the animal's chest wall
64
plural of atrium
atria
65
leukocyte
white blood cell
66
explain how muscle contract
-acetylcholine initiates an electrical impulse that travels to the muscle cell – reaching the sarcoplasmic reticulum it initiates the release of calcium ions into the cytoplasm of the muscle cell
67
walls of the veins
thin elastic and muscular
68
symptoms of heart murmur
- audible with a stethoscope - coughing - weakness - exercise intolerance - panting - mucus membranes pale or blue in colour
69
how many grades of heart murmur are there
6 (Roman numerals)
70
what does muscles have in them
- blood supply - arteries and veins - nerve connections. 
71
are smooth muscles striated
no
72
where are muscles found
-Throughout the entire body
73
are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary
voluntary involved in walking, eating, tail wagging
74
what is another name for skeletal muscles
They are also called striated muscles
75
where can you give an IM injection?
``` epaxial trapezius triceps quadriceps Hamstring group ```
76
Granulocytes
allergic reaction protection
77
where are cardiac muscles found
in the heart
78
muscle movements are _____________
conscious and subconscious
79
what are Myofibril composed of
long proteins including actin, myosin, and titin, and other proteins that hold them together
80
what does the skeletal muscle look like
Skeletal muscles are also striated with long lines composed of thick and thin fibers.
81
what can't voluntary muscles do
-they cannot push, so they must work in pairs that flex and extend
82
name 3 advantages of IM route
- absorption is consistent - rapid onset of action - mild irritants can be given - first pass avoided - gastric factors avoided
83
extensor muscles
straighten the limbs and attach to the bones, so the bones act as levers
84
where do muscles get there blood supply from
neighbouring blood vessels
85
what do arteries do
take oxygenated red blood cells to the rest of your body
86
what can voluntary muscles do
muscles can contract and pul
87
what is autonomic nervous system
a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions
88
Bradycardia
abnormally slow hr
89
Sarcolemma
the fine transparent tubular sheath that envelops the fibers of skeletal muscles.
90
what happens during muscle contraction (blood)
blood circulates by being forced into the larger veins.
91
grade 1
barely audible
92
sarcoplasm
the cytoplasm of striated muscle c
93
what is a latent period
– time between stimulation and initial contraction
94
abductor muscles
move the limbs away from the midline
95
how do the skeletal muscles function
When skeletal muscle contracts, the two types of fibers slide past each other to significantly shorten the muscle.
96
are there eateries in muscles
YES | -The arteries supplying a muscle enter at rather definite places and often connect within the muscle
97
adductor muscles
move the limbs toward the midline
98
involuntary muscles
are automatically controlled by the nervous system and cannot be moved at will
99
why do cardiac muscles have have striations
because they are composed of two different types of fibers in bands

VAP Lab and Lecture (7 decks)

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