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VAP Lab and Lecture > TEST 1 (Lab 3) > Flashcards

TEST 1 (Lab 3) Flashcards

1
Q

what role does calcium play

A

Calcium ions, once released, acts as a catalyst by diffusing into the myofibrils, thereby promoting the contraction process

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2
Q

how does a muscle contract

A

Each muscle fiber receives its own nerve impulses, which trigger various motions

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3
Q

another 2 names for left AV valve

A

biscuspid valve or mitral valve

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4
Q

what are muscles

A

the main contractile tissues of the body involved in movement

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5
Q

what is the sciatic nerve

A

runs by the SM/ST muscle group so you have to be carful
If you hit that nerve
you could cause paralysis

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6
Q

antibodies

A

build immunity

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7
Q

what does it sound like

A

Often sound like a “whooshing” sound instead of sharp “lub dub” sound

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8
Q

what does the right side of the heart deal with mainly

A
  • deoxginated blood

- goes into the lungs and gets oxygenated and enters the left side of the heart.

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9
Q

Myofibril

A

any of the elongated contractile threads found in striated muscle cells

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10
Q

are smooth muscles voluntary or involuntary

A

They are involuntary and are under the control of the autonomic nervous system

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11
Q

the pulmonary vein brings oxginated blood to the ______

A

heart

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12
Q

filaments

A

thread like muscle fiber

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13
Q

the pulmonary artery brings oxginated blood to the ______

A

lungs

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14
Q

where are smooth muscle found

A

found within the internal organs such as intestines, stomach and bladder

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15
Q

how long does a latent period last

A

10ms

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16
Q

what do rich capillarys do

A

smallest of all blood vessels) distribution

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17
Q

why are cardiac muscles unique

A

they are striated muscle, but not under voluntary control

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18
Q

what do veins do

A

take the un-oxyginated cells back to the heart to get re-oxyginated

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19
Q

what do smooth muscles not require to function

A

Although they do not require external stimulation to work

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20
Q

Fascicle

A

a bundle of structures, such as nerve or muscle fibers

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21
Q

voluntary muscles

A

can be controlled by thought

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22
Q

Account for up to _____ of the animals body weight

A

50%

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23
Q

how long does a contraction period last

A

40ms

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24
Q

heart

A

core of circulatory system

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25
Q

where are skeletal muscle found

A

found everywhere in the body as they predominately attach to portions of the skeleton

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26
Q

fetal circulation

A

build immunity

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27
Q

what is it caused by

A
  • leaky heart valves
  • weak heart valves
  • bacterial infection
  • congestive heart failure (CHF)
  • enlarged heart
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28
Q

innocent heart murmer

A
  • no symptoms
  • found in puppies
  • goes away with age
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29
Q

what are the proteins organized into

A

thick and thin filaments called myofilaments

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30
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell

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31
Q

AV stands for what

A

atrioventricular valves

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32
Q

how long does a relaxation period last

A

50ms

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33
Q

dub means

A

when valves open and let blood in

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34
Q

Tachycardia

A

abnormally fast hr

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35
Q

what is unique about smooth muscles cells

A
  • they are much smaller
  • they contract a shorter distance
  • they contract in many directions
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36
Q

what is a rich capillary

A

the smallest of all blood vessels

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37
Q

walls of the arteries

A

thick elastic and muscular

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38
Q

what is another name for an injection that goes into the. epaxial muscle

A

lumbar injection

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39
Q

are the fibres in smooth muscles arranged in a certain pattern

A

no

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40
Q

what are muscles attached to

A
  • bones
  • other muscles
  • skin
41
Q

heart rate in dogs

A

60 -140 beats per minute (slower in large breed dogs)

42
Q

what does this interaction allow (functionality)

A
  • allows the cardiac-muscle cells to contract easily without external stimulation, in unison;
  • that ability keeps the heartbeat synchronized.
43
Q

pulmonary

A

lungs (resp system)

44
Q

what role do white blood cells play in immunity

A

Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
Antibodies
Fetal circulation

45
Q

heart rate in cats

A

140-220

46
Q

which are 2 less common places to receive and injection

A

trapezius

triceps

47
Q

what do smooth muscles require to function

A

they do require specific impulses from autonomic nerves

48
Q

lub means

A

when valves close and let blood out

49
Q

Agranulocytes

A

active immunity, front line defence

50
Q

what is a heart murmer

A

Extra heart vibrations/sounds produced by a disturbance in blood flow

51
Q

systemic

A

whole system head to toe

52
Q

what body functions does the autonomic nervous system regulate

A
  • heart rate
  • digestion
  • respiratory rate
  • pupillary response
  • urination
  • sexual arousal
53
Q

are cardiac muscles voluntary or involuntary

A

involuntary

54
Q

what do they do

A

cause motion and produce force that the body uses to move and manipulate the body.

55
Q

another name for right AV valve

A

tricuspid valve

56
Q

what happens when a signal or an impulse travels down the nerve to the muscle

A

the muscle fiber changes chemical energy into mechanical energy, and the result is muscle contraction.

57
Q

what do capillaries do

A

take the oxygenated red blood cells to the smaller parts of the body

58
Q

what do cardiac muscles have

A

striations, or stripes

59
Q

all or none law

A

theprinciplethat the strength by which a nerve or muscle fiber responds to a stimulus is independent of the strength of the stimulus. If that stimulus exceeds the threshold potential, the nerve or muscle fiber will give a complete response; otherwise, there is no response.

60
Q

name 3 disadvantages

A
  • only can give 10ml
  • local pain
  • expensive
  • nerve damage
61
Q

what are cardiac muscles closely interconnected with

A

intercalated discs

62
Q

flexor muscles

A

bend the joints, act to pick up the limb

63
Q

grade 6

A

very loud, audible with stethoscope barely touching the chest; the vibration is also strong enough to be felt through the animal’s chest wall

64
Q

plural of atrium

A

atria

65
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell

66
Q

explain how muscle contract

A

-acetylcholine initiates an electrical impulse that travels to the muscle cell – reaching the sarcoplasmic reticulum it initiates the release of calcium ions into the cytoplasm of the muscle cell

67
Q

walls of the veins

A

thin elastic and muscular

68
Q

symptoms of heart murmur

A
  • audible with a stethoscope
  • coughing
  • weakness
  • exercise intolerance
  • panting
  • mucus membranes pale or blue in colour
69
Q

how many grades of heart murmur are there

A

6 (Roman numerals)

70
Q

what does muscles have in them

A
  • blood supply
  • arteries and veins
  • nerve connections.
71
Q

are smooth muscles striated

A

no

72
Q

where are muscles found

A

-Throughout the entire body

73
Q

are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary

A

voluntary involved in walking, eating, tail wagging

74
Q

what is another name for skeletal muscles

A

They are also called striated muscles

75
Q

where can you give an IM injection?

A 
epaxial
trapezius
triceps
quadriceps
Hamstring group
76
Q

Granulocytes

A

allergic reaction protection

77
Q

where are cardiac muscles found

A

in the heart

78
Q

muscle movements are _____________

A

conscious and subconscious

79
Q

what are Myofibril composed of

A

long proteins including actin, myosin, and titin, and other proteins that hold them together

80
Q

what does the skeletal muscle look like

A

Skeletal muscles are also striated with long lines composed of thick and thin fibers.

81
Q

what can’t voluntary muscles do

A

-they cannot push, so they must work in pairs that flex and extend

82
Q

name 3 advantages of IM route

A
  • absorption is consistent
  • rapid onset of action
  • mild irritants can be given
  • first pass avoided
  • gastric factors avoided
83
Q

extensor muscles

A

straighten the limbs and attach to the bones, so the bones act as levers

84
Q

where do muscles get there blood supply from

A

neighbouring blood vessels

85
Q

what do arteries do

A

take oxygenated red blood cells to the rest of your body

86
Q

what can voluntary muscles do

A

muscles can contract and pul

87
Q

what is autonomic nervous system

A

a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions

88
Q

Bradycardia

A

abnormally slow hr

89
Q

Sarcolemma

A

the fine transparent tubular sheath that envelops the fibers of skeletal muscles.

90
Q

what happens during muscle contraction (blood)

A

blood circulates by being forced into the larger veins.

91
Q

grade 1

A

barely audible

92
Q

sarcoplasm

A

the cytoplasm of striated muscle c

93
Q

what is a latent period

A

– time between stimulation and initial contraction

94
Q

abductor muscles

A

move the limbs away from the midline

95
Q

how do the skeletal muscles function

A

When skeletal muscle contracts, the two types of fibers slide past each other to significantly shorten the muscle.

96
Q

are there eateries in muscles

A

YES

-The arteries supplying a muscle enter at rather definite places and often connect within the muscle

97
Q

adductor muscles

A

move the limbs toward the midline

98
Q

involuntary muscles

A

are automatically controlled by the nervous system and cannot be moved at will

99
Q

why do cardiac muscles have have striations

A

because they are composed of two different types of fibers in bands

VAP Lab and Lecture (7 decks)

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