TEST 1 (Lab 3) Flashcards
what role does calcium play
Calcium ions, once released, acts as a catalyst by diffusing into the myofibrils, thereby promoting the contraction process
how does a muscle contract
Each muscle fiber receives its own nerve impulses, which trigger various motions
another 2 names for left AV valve
biscuspid valve or mitral valve
what are muscles
the main contractile tissues of the body involved in movement
what is the sciatic nerve
runs by the SM/ST muscle group so you have to be carful
If you hit that nerve
you could cause paralysis
antibodies
build immunity
what does it sound like
Often sound like a “whooshing” sound instead of sharp “lub dub” sound
what does the right side of the heart deal with mainly
- deoxginated blood
- goes into the lungs and gets oxygenated and enters the left side of the heart.
Myofibril
any of the elongated contractile threads found in striated muscle cells
are smooth muscles voluntary or involuntary
They are involuntary and are under the control of the autonomic nervous system
the pulmonary vein brings oxginated blood to the ______
heart
filaments
thread like muscle fiber
the pulmonary artery brings oxginated blood to the ______
lungs
where are smooth muscle found
found within the internal organs such as intestines, stomach and bladder
how long does a latent period last
10ms
what do rich capillarys do
smallest of all blood vessels) distribution
why are cardiac muscles unique
they are striated muscle, but not under voluntary control
what do veins do
take the un-oxyginated cells back to the heart to get re-oxyginated
what do smooth muscles not require to function
Although they do not require external stimulation to work
Fascicle
a bundle of structures, such as nerve or muscle fibers
voluntary muscles
can be controlled by thought
Account for up to _____ of the animals body weight
50%
how long does a contraction period last
40ms
heart
core of circulatory system
where are skeletal muscle found
found everywhere in the body as they predominately attach to portions of the skeleton
fetal circulation
build immunity
what is it caused by
- leaky heart valves
- weak heart valves
- bacterial infection
- congestive heart failure (CHF)
- enlarged heart
innocent heart murmer
- no symptoms
- found in puppies
- goes away with age
what are the proteins organized into
thick and thin filaments called myofilaments
erythrocyte
red blood cell
AV stands for what
atrioventricular valves
how long does a relaxation period last
50ms
dub means
when valves open and let blood in
Tachycardia
abnormally fast hr
what is unique about smooth muscles cells
- they are much smaller
- they contract a shorter distance
- they contract in many directions
what is a rich capillary
the smallest of all blood vessels
walls of the arteries
thick elastic and muscular
what is another name for an injection that goes into the. epaxial muscle
lumbar injection
are the fibres in smooth muscles arranged in a certain pattern
no
what are muscles attached to
- bones
- other muscles
- skin
heart rate in dogs
60 -140 beats per minute (slower in large breed dogs)
what does this interaction allow (functionality)
- allows the cardiac-muscle cells to contract easily without external stimulation, in unison;
- that ability keeps the heartbeat synchronized.
pulmonary
lungs (resp system)
what role do white blood cells play in immunity
Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
Antibodies
Fetal circulation
heart rate in cats
140-220
which are 2 less common places to receive and injection
trapezius
triceps
what do smooth muscles require to function
they do require specific impulses from autonomic nerves
lub means
when valves close and let blood out
Agranulocytes
active immunity, front line defence
what is a heart murmer
Extra heart vibrations/sounds produced by a disturbance in blood flow
systemic
whole system head to toe
what body functions does the autonomic nervous system regulate
- heart rate
- digestion
- respiratory rate
- pupillary response
- urination
- sexual arousal
are cardiac muscles voluntary or involuntary
involuntary
what do they do
cause motion and produce force that the body uses to move and manipulate the body.
another name for right AV valve
tricuspid valve
what happens when a signal or an impulse travels down the nerve to the muscle
the muscle fiber changes chemical energy into mechanical energy, and the result is muscle contraction.
what do capillaries do
take the oxygenated red blood cells to the smaller parts of the body
what do cardiac muscles have
striations, or stripes
all or none law
theprinciplethat the strength by which a nerve or muscle fiber responds to a stimulus is independent of the strength of the stimulus. If that stimulus exceeds the threshold potential, the nerve or muscle fiber will give a complete response; otherwise, there is no response.
name 3 disadvantages
- only can give 10ml
- local pain
- expensive
- nerve damage
what are cardiac muscles closely interconnected with
intercalated discs
flexor muscles
bend the joints, act to pick up the limb
grade 6
very loud, audible with stethoscope barely touching the chest; the vibration is also strong enough to be felt through the animal’s chest wall
plural of atrium
atria
leukocyte
white blood cell
explain how muscle contract
-acetylcholine initiates an electrical impulse that travels to the muscle cell – reaching the sarcoplasmic reticulum it initiates the release of calcium ions into the cytoplasm of the muscle cell
walls of the veins
thin elastic and muscular
symptoms of heart murmur
- audible with a stethoscope
- coughing
- weakness
- exercise intolerance
- panting
- mucus membranes pale or blue in colour
how many grades of heart murmur are there
6 (Roman numerals)
what does muscles have in them
- blood supply
- arteries and veins
- nerve connections.
are smooth muscles striated
no
where are muscles found
-Throughout the entire body
are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary
voluntary involved in walking, eating, tail wagging
what is another name for skeletal muscles
They are also called striated muscles
where can you give an IM injection?
epaxial trapezius triceps quadriceps Hamstring group
Granulocytes
allergic reaction protection
where are cardiac muscles found
in the heart
muscle movements are _____________
conscious and subconscious
what are Myofibril composed of
long proteins including actin, myosin, and titin, and other proteins that hold them together
what does the skeletal muscle look like
Skeletal muscles are also striated with long lines composed of thick and thin fibers.
what can’t voluntary muscles do
-they cannot push, so they must work in pairs that flex and extend
name 3 advantages of IM route
- absorption is consistent
- rapid onset of action
- mild irritants can be given
- first pass avoided
- gastric factors avoided
extensor muscles
straighten the limbs and attach to the bones, so the bones act as levers
where do muscles get there blood supply from
neighbouring blood vessels
what do arteries do
take oxygenated red blood cells to the rest of your body
what can voluntary muscles do
muscles can contract and pul
what is autonomic nervous system
a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions
Bradycardia
abnormally slow hr
Sarcolemma
the fine transparent tubular sheath that envelops the fibers of skeletal muscles.
what happens during muscle contraction (blood)
blood circulates by being forced into the larger veins.
grade 1
barely audible
sarcoplasm
the cytoplasm of striated muscle c
what is a latent period
– time between stimulation and initial contraction
abductor muscles
move the limbs away from the midline
how do the skeletal muscles function
When skeletal muscle contracts, the two types of fibers slide past each other to significantly shorten the muscle.
are there eateries in muscles
YES
-The arteries supplying a muscle enter at rather definite places and often connect within the muscle
adductor muscles
move the limbs toward the midline
involuntary muscles
are automatically controlled by the nervous system and cannot be moved at will
why do cardiac muscles have have striations
because they are composed of two different types of fibers in bands
