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Anatomy Lecture > Test 1 - Chapter 1 - intro > Flashcards

Test 1 - Chapter 1 - intro Flashcards

1
Q

study of tissues for signs disease process

A

histopathology

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2
Q
A

vertebral cavity

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3
Q
A

inferior

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4
Q

pleural cavity

A

lungs

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5
Q
A

pericardial cavity within the mediastinum

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6
Q
A

diaphragm

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7
Q

study of older individuals

A

gerontology

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8
Q

what makes up the thoracic cavity (chest cavity)

A
  • pleural cavity: lungs
  • mediastinum: between lungs/heart
  • cardiac cavity: heart
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9
Q
A

median (midsagittal) plane

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10
Q
A

thoracic cavity

contains heart and lungs

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11
Q

study of one system at a time

A

systemic anatomy

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12
Q

homeostasis

A
  • tendency of a body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment
  • process that the body works to achieve
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13
Q
A

proximal

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14
Q
A

lateral

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15
Q
A

pleural cavity

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16
Q

histology

A

study of tissues (use microscope)

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17
Q

medical imaging

A

use of imaging equipment without the use of surgery

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18
Q
A

vertebral cavity

contains spinal cord

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19
Q
A

transverse section through torso (superior view)

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20
Q
A

midline

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21
Q
A

anterior

(ventral)

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22
Q

what makes up the dorsal cavity

A
  • 2 smaller cavities
  • cranial cavity (brain)
  • vertebral cavity (spinal cord)
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23
Q

where is the dorsal cavity

A

on backside

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24
Q

lungs

A

pleural cavity

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25
Q

what is below hip and has reproductive organs and urinary bladder

A

pelvic cavity

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26
Q

structure that senses change in the body

A

receptor

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27
Q

histopathology

A

study of tissues for signs disease process

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28
Q

vertebral cavity

A

spinal cord

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29
Q

what do the pleural cavity, mediastinum & cardiac cavity make up

A

thoracic cavity (chest cavity)

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30
Q

psychosomatic effects

A

effects of subject’s state of mind on her or his physiology

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31
Q

sagittal

A

divide body into left/right halves, plane runs perpendicular floor

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32
Q

describe homeostasis in body temperature

A
  • if too warm, vessels dilate in the skin and sweating begins (heat losing mechanism)
  • if too cold, vessels in the skin constrict and shivering begins (heat gaining mechanism)
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33
Q

divide body into left/right halves, plane runs perpendicular floor

A

sagittal

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34
Q
A

frontal section through torso

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35
Q

what are the 3 parts of the homeostatic mechanism

A
  • receptor
  • integrating (control) center
  • effector
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36
Q
A

anterior view

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37
Q

4 body planes

A
  • sagittal
  • transverse
  • coronal/frontal plane
  • oblique plane
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38
Q

control center that processes the sensory information, ‘makes a decision’, and directs the response

A

integrating (control) center

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39
Q

what do the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity make up

A

abdominopelvic cavity

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40
Q
A

cranial cavity

contains brain

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41
Q

embryology

A

study of development from fertilized egg to 8th week in utero

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42
Q

what is comparative anatomy

A

study of multiple species to learn about form, function and evolution

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43
Q
A

ventral body cavity

(thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities)

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44
Q

what are the 3 ways to study anatomy

A
  • examining structure of the human body
  • cadaver dissection
  • comparative anatomy
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45
Q
A

cranial cavity

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46
Q

physiology of endocrine system

A

endocrinology

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47
Q

study of organs and body parts without the use of magnification

A

gross anatomy

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48
Q

cardiac cavity

A

heart

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49
Q

what are the 4 approaches to teaching anatomy and physiology

A
  • gross anatomy
  • regional anatomy
  • systemic anatomy
  • medical imaging
50
Q
A

distal

51
Q
A

proximal

52
Q

endocrinology

A

physiology of endocrine system

53
Q

perpendicular floor / divides body into anterior / posterior halves (front and back)

A

coronal/frontal plane

54
Q

describe anatomical variation

A
  • no two humans are exactly alike
  • anatomy books show most common organization of structures
  • some individuals lack certain muscles
  • some individuals have an atypical number of vertebrae
  • some individuals have an atypical number of certain organs (ex. kidneys)
  • some individuals show situs inversus: left-right reversal of organ placement
55
Q

where is pelvic cavity

A

below hip

56
Q
A

distal

57
Q

heart

A

cardiac cavity

58
Q
A

superior

59
Q

what is cadaver dissection

A
  • cutting and separating human body tissue to reveal tissue relationships
  • we have APR
60
Q

effects of subject’s state of mind on her or his physiology

A

psychosomatic effects

61
Q

describe physiological variation

A
  • sex, age, diet, weight, physical activity
  • typical physiological values:
  • —–reference man: 22 years old, 154 lb, light physical activity, consumes 2800 kcal/day
  • —–reference woman: same as above man except 128 lb and 2000 kcal/day
  • failure to consider variation can lead to overmedication of elderly or medicating women on the basis of research done on men
62
Q

how the body responds to exercise

A

exercise physiology

63
Q

regional anatomy

A

study of all structures in a region

64
Q

nervous system physiology

A

neurophysiology

65
Q

exercise physiology

A

how the body responds to exercise

66
Q

go through body at an angle

A

oblique plane

67
Q

cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action to restore homeostasis

A

effector

68
Q

receptor

A

structure that senses change in the body
ex. stretch receptors above heart that monitor blood pressure

69
Q

body erect, feet together, flat on floor, eyes directed forward, arms at side, palms supine (facing forward)

A

anatomical position

70
Q

study of tissues (use microscope)

A

histology

71
Q
A

pelvic cavity

contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

72
Q

cardiovascular physiology

A

activity of heart and blood vessel

73
Q

use of imaging equipment without the use of surgery

A

medical imaging

74
Q

what makes up the ventral cavity

A
  • thoracic cavity (chest cavity)
  • abdominopelvic cavity
75
Q
A

abdominal cavity

contains digestive viscera

76
Q

effector

A

cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action to restore homeostasis
ex. the heart

77
Q

how do you examine the structure of the human body

A
  • inspection
  • palpation
  • auscultation
  • percussion
78
Q

pelvic cavity

A

below hip
reproductive organs, urinary bladder

79
Q
A

abdominopelvic cavity

80
Q

study of all structures in a region

A

regional anatomy

81
Q

cytology

A

the study of cells

82
Q
A

superior mediastinum

83
Q

coronal/frontal plane

A

perpendicular floor / divides body into anterior / posterior halves (front and back)

84
Q

gerontology

A

study of older individuals

85
Q
  • tendency of a body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment
  • process that the body works to achieve
A

homeostasis

86
Q
A

distal

87
Q

oblique plane

A

go through body at an angle

88
Q

the study of cells

A

cytology

89
Q

integrating (control) center

A

control center that processes the sensory information, ‘makes a decision’, and directs the response
ex. cardiac center of the brain

90
Q

activity of heart and blood vessel

A

cardiovascular physiology

91
Q

gross anatomy

A

study of organs and body parts without the use of magnification
- cadaver dissection: we can use APR

92
Q

cranial cavity

A

brain

93
Q

pathophysiology

A

mechanism of disease

94
Q
A

dorsal body cavity

95
Q
A

superior

96
Q
A

lateral view

97
Q
A

left

98
Q

mediastinum

A

between lungs/heart

99
Q
A

right

100
Q
A

transverse plane

101
Q

neurophysiology

A

nervous system physiology

102
Q
A

medial

103
Q

abdominal cavity

A

above hip
digestive organs, small intestines, liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas

104
Q

what makes up abdominopelvic cavity

A
  • abdominal cavity (above hip): digestive organs, small intestines, liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas
  • pelvic cavity (below hip): reproductive organs, urinary bladder
105
Q

study of development from fertilized egg to 8th week in utero

A

embryology

106
Q

what is above hip and has digestive organs, small intestines, liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas

A

abdominal cavity

107
Q
A

frontal plane

108
Q

where is abdominal cavity

A

above hip

109
Q

cut perpendicular to floor

A

transverse

110
Q
A

dorsal body cavity

111
Q

anatomical position

A

body erect, feet together, flat on floor, eyes directed forward, arms at side, palms supine (facing forward)

112
Q

transverse

A

cut perpendicular to floor

113
Q
A

proximal

114
Q

systemic anatomy

A

study of one system at a time

115
Q

between lungs/heart

A

mediastinum

116
Q
A

inferior

117
Q
A

posterior

(dorsal)

118
Q
A

ventral body cavity

119
Q

mechanism of disease

A

pathophysiology

120
Q
A

median (midsagittal) section

121
Q

what are 2 main body cavities

A

dorsal cavity & ventral cavity

122
Q

what is the structural hierarchy

A
  • organism composed of organ systems
  • organ systems composed of organs
  • organs composed of tissues
  • tissues composed of cells
  • cells composed of organelles
  • organelles composed of molecules
  • molecules composed of atoms

Anatomy Lecture (11 decks)

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