Test 1 - Ch 2 - Organic Chemistry of Life Flashcards
hydrolysis
digestion; the opposite of dehydration synthesis, splitting a polymer by the addition of a water molecule
- water molecule ionizes into -OH and -H
- the covalent bond linking one monomer to the other is broken
- the -OH is added to one monomer
- the -H is added to the other
dehydration synthesis
monomers covalently bind together to form a polymer with the removal of a water molecule
macromolecules made of a repetitive series of identical or similar subunits
polymers
peptide bond
joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the next
- formed by dehydration synthesis
conformation
unique, three dimensional shape of protein crucial to function
fatty acids
- chains of 4-24 carbon atoms with carboxyl group on one end and methyl group on the other
- saturated fatty acids have a lot of hydrogen
unsaturated fatty acids contain some double bonds between carbons in chain
essential fatty acids must be obtained from food
steroid
a lipid with 17 carbon atoms in four rings
3 examples of polysaccharides
glycogen
starch
cellulose
describe Carbon
- has 4 valence electrons: binds with other atoms that can provide it with four more electrons to fill its valence shell
- carbon atoms bind readily with each other to form carbon backbones
- form long chains, branched molecules, and rings
- form covalent bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and other elements
- carbon backbones carry a variety of functional groups
joining monomers to form a polymer
polymerization
what is the function of carbohydrates: sugars and starches
easily accessible, readily available energy source
what are 3 important disaccharides
sucrose - table sugar (glucose + fructose)
lactose - sugar in milk (glucose + galactose)
maltose - grain products (glucose + glucose)
trans-fatty acids
- two covalent single C-C bonds angle in opposites on each side of the C=C double bond
- resist enzymatic breakdown in the human body, remain in circulation longer, deposits in the arteries; thus raises the risk of heart disease
oligosaccharides
short chains of 3 or more monosaccharides (at least 10)
study of compounds containing carbon
organic chemistry
polymerization
joining monomers to form a polymer
organic chemistry
study of compounds containing carbon