Test 1 - Ch 2 - Basic Chemistry of Life Flashcards
particle that loses electrons (net positive)
cation
buffers
chemical solutions that resist changes in pH
______ of an element accounts for the fact that an element is a mixture of isotopes
atomic weight
ion
charged particle (atom or molecule) with unequal number of protons and electron
symptoms of acidosis
headache
sleepiness
confusion
loss of consciousness
coma
seizures
weakness
diarrhea
shortness of breath
coughing
arrhythmia
increased heart rate
nausea
vomitting
chemical solutions that resist changes in pH
buffers
simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties
element
a proton acceptor (accepts H+ ions)
base
charged particle (atom or molecule) with unequal number of protons and electron
ion
antioxidants
- chemicals that neutralize free radicals
- superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme in the body
- Selenium, vitamin E, vitamin C and carotenoids are antioxidants obtained through the diet
the number of protons and neutrons
atomic mass
ionization
transfer of electrons from one atom to another
electrolytes
- substances that ionize in water and form solutions capable of conducting electric current
- chemical reactivity, osmotic effects, electrical excitability of nerve and muscle
- electrolyte balance is one of the most important considerations in patient care (imbalances can lead to coma or cardiac arrest)
atomic number
number of protons in its nucleus
how are elements arranged on the periodic table
by atomic number
valence electrons
- orbit in the outermost shell and determine chemical bonding properties of an atom
- limits to number of electrons that can fill each orbital
number of protons in its nucleus
atomic number
negatively charge particles circling nucleus in orbitals/shells
electrons
orbit in the outermost shell and determine chemical bonding properties of an atom
valence electrons
- short lived particles with an unpaid valance electron - very reactive!
free radicals
atom
smallest unit of matter
what are the 6 elements that make up 98.5% of the human body weight
carbon C
hydrogen H
oxygen O
nitrogen N
phosphorus P
calcium Ca
physical half life
time required for 50% of radioisotopes to decay to a stable state
element
simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties
anion
particle that gains electrons (net negative)