Test 1 Flashcards
Elevated lesions; contain fluid and often translucent in appearance
Blisterform
elevated lesions; contains fluid and often translucent in appearance; 5mm or less
vesicle
elevated lesions; contains fluid and often translucent in appearance; >5mm
bulla
elevated lesions; contains purulent exudate
pustule
5mm or less
vesicle
>5mm
bulla
5mm or less; single or multiple; multiple may coalesce
vesicle
5mm or less; single or multiple; multiple may coalesce
vesicle
5mm or less; single or multiple; multiple may coalesce
vesicle
>5mm; single or multiple
bullae
characterized by purulent exudate
pustule
characterized by purulent exudate
pustule
characterized by purulent exudate
pustule
elevated lesions; nonblisterform; solid lesions and firm to palpation; 5mm or less
papule
elevated lesions; nonblisterform; solid lesions and firm to palpation; >5mm
nodule
elevated lesions; nonblisterform; solid lesions and firm to palpation; >2cm
tumor
5mm or less
papule
>5mm
nodule
>5mm
nodule
>2cm
tumor
slightly elevated flat-top lesion; large surface area
plaque
slightly elevated flat-top lesion; large surface area
plaque
slightly elevated flat-top lesion; large surface area
plaque
slightly elevated flat-top lesion; large surface area
plaque
depressed lesion; complete loss of mucosa; 3 mm or less
superficial ulcer
depressed lesion; complete loss of mucosa; >3mm
deep ulcer
single or multiple; separate or coalescing
ulcer
single or multiple; separate or coalescing
ulcer
single or multiple; separate or coalescing
ulcer
ulcer with a _ margin
smooth
ulcer with a _ margin
raised
deep ulcer
fissure
abnormal color; circumscribed; usually small (<1cm)
macule
abnormal color; circumscribed; usually small (<1cm)
macule
color change; inflammation or trauma
red
color; normal oral mucosa
pink
color change; altered epithelium or lamina propria
white
color change; inflammation
red and white
color change; vascular lesions and cysts
blue
color change; foreign material in the tissue
grey
color change; pigment, pus, lymphoid tissue
yellow
color change; vascular lesions or blood pigments
purple
color change; foreign material
black
color change; melanin or hemosiderin
brown
color change; blisterform
translucent
biopsy fixation with _
10% buffered neutral formalin
have to use Michel’s solution for _
immunofluorescence
limited value; useful for diagnosing viral (herpes) or fungal (candidiasis) infections or for certain epithelial disorders (white sponge nevus) or vesiculobullous diseases (pemphigus vulgaris)
cytology
used to detect autoantibodies present in tissue specimens or serum
immunofluorescence
cleft lip with/without cleft palate; more common in which gender
males
cleft palate alone; more common in which gender
females
mildest expression of cleft palate
bifid uvula
cleft palate; madnibular micrognathia; glossoptosis (airway obstruction)
pierre robin sequence
pierre robin sequence
common developmental anomaly; often develop later in life
commissural lip pits
persistance of the lateral sulci; often associated with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (Van der Woude sydrome)
paramedian lip pits
redundant fold of tissue; congenital or acquired (Ascher syndrome)
double lip
edema of the eyelids
blepharochalasis
double lip; blepharochalasis; nontoxic thyroid enlargement
ascher syndrome
heterotropic sebaceous glands; seen >80% of patients; most frequently seen on the upper vermilion zone of the lip and the buccal mucosa; typically develop during puberty
fordyce granules
common mucosal condition most common in african americans; dimishes or disappears on stretching
leukoedema
leukoedema
increased thickening of epithelium; parakeratosis; intracellular edema
leukoedema
abnormally small tongue; unknown etiology; often associated with hypoplasia or the mandible and missing lower incisors
microglossia
short lingual frenum resulting in limitation of tongue mobility; may range from mild to severe; “tongue tied”
ankyloglossia
70% of patients only thyroid gland tissue; F>M; dysphagia, dysphonia, dyspnea
lingual thyroid
grooved, fissured dorsum of tongue; often associated with geographic tongue
fissured tongue
excess keratin accumulation; brown, black or yellow; associated factors: smoking, poor hygiene, debilitation; ususually asympotmatic; treated by superficial debridement
hairy tongue
elongation and parakeratosis of the filiform papillae; abundant bacteria
hairy tongue
abnormally dilated veins (varicosity); common over age 40; aysmptomatic, unless thrombosed
varix
dilated vein, lines of Zahn, phlebolith
varix
caliber persistant artery
uncertain pathogenesis; often bilateral; most common on anterior tonsillar pillar
lateral soft palate fistula
rare development anomaly of unknown pathogenesis; may result in limitation or deflection of movement; typically will worsen over years; M>F; unilateral or bilateral; treatment-surgical
coronoid hyperplasia
buccal exotoses
palatal exotoses
reactive subpontine exotoses
midline of hard palate; frequently lobular; may continue to grow; frequently asymptomatic
torus palatinus
lingual aspect of mandible; typically bilateral; may be seen radiographically
torus mandibularis
elongation of the styloid process or mineralization of the stylohyoid ligament; symptoms result from impingment or compression of adjacent nerves or blood vessels
eagel syndrome
etiology: -fever -infection/trauma
enamel hypoplasia
enamel hypoplasia
bend of root or crown secondary to trauma
dilaceration
lusterless white opacities with yellow to brown discolorations; hypomaturation with increased porosity; affected teeth while compromised esthetically are resistant to caries
dental fluorosis
hutchinson’s incisors
mulberry molars
secondary to tooth-tooth contact; typically physiologic, but may be pathologic
attrition
secondary to external agent (toothbrush)
abrasion
secondary to chemical (acids) contact
erosion
secondary to occlusal stresses
abfraction
typically secondary to pulpal injury; cells within vital pulp act upon dentin
internal resoption
resorption approacing clinical crown
pink tooth of mummery (internal resorption)
numerous etiological agents; -pathology -excess force -adjacent impactions
external resorption
secondary to exogenous pigment on tooth surface; multiple etiological agents: bacteria, tobacco/coffee/tea, hemorrhage, restorative agents, medications
extrinsic stains
intrinsic stain
calcific metamorphosis
red-brown stain: increased synthesis and metabolism of _
porphyrins
yellow to green discoloration, often sharp demarcation; breakdown product of red blood cells
hyperbilirubinemia
intrinsic staining related to _
tetracycline/minocycline
3rd molars most common; frequently secondary to crowding/insufficient maxillofacial development
primary impactions
cessation of eruption with fusion of root and bone; 1st 2 decades; most common- primary first molar; sharp solid sound on precussion; radiographs- loss of pdl
ankylosis
lack of development of one or more teeth; absence of dental lamina; uncommon in deciduous dentition; 3rd molars most common;
hypodontia/oligodontia
paramolars
mesiodens
distodens
traumatic ulceration of adjacent soft tissue associated with natal/neonatal tooth
Riga-Fede disease
isolated microdontia
peg lateral
single enlarged or “double” tooth; normal tooth count; common root and/or canal; affects primary or permanent dentition
gemination
single enlarged or “double” tooth; missing tooth; single or separate canals; affects primary or permanent dentition
fusion
union of two adjacent teeth by cementum alone; developmental or post-inflammatory
concrescence
up to 5% of population; additional cusp located primarily on the lingual cusp permanent anterior teeth; most contain pulpal extension; associated with odontomas, impactions, ped-shaped teeth, and dens invaginatus
talon cusp
cusp-like elevation of enamel; most often affects mandibular premolars; up to 15% of asian population; associated with shovel like incisors
dens evaginatus
most common type of dens invaginatus; commonly affects permanent lateral incisors
coronel type
ectopic enamel
enamel pearl
ectopic enamel
cervical enamel extension
caused by cervical enamel extensions
buccal bifurcation cyst
enlargement of the body and pulp chamber of multirooted teeth with apical displacement of the pulpal floor and root bifurcation
taurodontism
excessive deposition of cementum; local and systemic factors: trauma/inflammation, acromegaly, paget’s disease
hypercementosis
most commonly affects permanent molars
supernumerary roots
which amelogenesis imperfecta?: defect in secretory phase; inadequate deposition of enamel matrix -generalized pattern -localized pattern;
hypoplastic
which amelogensis imperfecta?: defective maturation of enamel’s crystal structure; discolored soft enamel with chips; radiodensity similar to dentin
hypomaturation
which amelogenesis imperfecta:? no significant mineralization of enamel matrix; enamel is soft and easily lost; usually most severe form
hypocalcified
hereditary developmental disturbance or dentin; similar changes are seen with osteogenesis imperfecta; opalescent teeth; blue to brown discoloration with distinctive translucency; enamel separates easily from dentin; radiograph- bulbous crowns, cervical constriction, shortened and thin roots; with obliterated pulp; rarely enlarged pulp chambers
dentinogenesis imperfecta
no pulp chambers
dentinogenesis imperfecta
autosomal dominant; radicular dentin loses organization; crescent-shaped pulp chambers with short roots and no canals; pulpal pathology
dentinal dysplasia type 1
dentinal dysplasia type
whirls of tubular dentin; “stream flowing around boulders” appearnce under polarized light
dentinal dysplasia type 1
autosomal dominant, primary similar to dentinogenesis imperfecta, normal clinical appearance, “thistle tube” pulp chamber
dentinal dysplasia type 2
localized developmental defect of enamel, dentin and pulp; most are idiopathic; both dentitions; most are maxillary; short roots with open apices; failure in eruption, or small irregular crowns with thin enamel; usually affects about 3 teeth in an area
regional odontodysplasia
