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Oral Pathology > Developmental/Genetic > Flashcards

Developmental/Genetic Flashcards

1
Q

Development of the human body as a complex process with a series of _ _ and _

A

cell divisions

differentiation

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2
Q

_ disorder is different from developmental disorder; caused by an abnormality in the genetic makeup.

A

inherited

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3
Q

_ disorder, one which is present at birth. It can be either inherited or developmental

A

congenital

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4
Q

One of the most common and major congenital defects in humans. About 1 out of every 700-1000 live births.

A

Cleft lip/cleft palate

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5
Q

Majority of cases of cleft lip/cleft palate are…

A

CL + CP (45%)

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6
Q

Simplest form of CP

A

cleft uvula/bifid uvula

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7
Q

failure of fusion of palatal shelves

A

cleft palate

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8
Q

failure of merging of maxillary process with medial nasal process

A

cleft lip

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9
Q

bifid uvula often accompanied by _ _ cleft

A

submucosal palatal

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10
Q

Mandibular micrognathia->glossoptosis and airway obstruction->palatal cleft

A

Pierre robin sequence

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11
Q

normal variation of mucosa, not premalignant, more intense in dark skinned races, more intense in smokers, bilateral, opalescent film, reduces when mucosa is stretched

A

leukoedema

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12
Q

Potential causes of _: congenital such as down syndrome, neoplasia such as lymphangioma or neurofibromatosis, amyloidosis, myxedema

A

macroglossia

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13
Q

“tongue-tied”, occurrence of gingival recession

A

ankyloglossia

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14
Q

results from the failure of migration of the primitive thyroid tissue from its developmental location to its normal position in the neck, as a nodule at the base of the tongue, in the midline

A

lingual thyroid

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15
Q

association with geographic tongue, a component of melkerson-rossenthal syndrome

A

fissured tongue

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16
Q

EBV-associated condition; not developmental, not premalignant, in HIV+ patients

A

oral hairy leukoplakia

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17
Q

a small nodular excrescence of normal compact bone, asymptomatic, on the buccal aspect of alveolar ridge, no sex predilection

A

exostosis

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18
Q

torus: more common in _

A

women

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19
Q

stylohyoid syndrome, calcified stylohyoid ligament, post tonsillectomy

A

eagle syndrome

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20
Q

latent bone cyst, static bone cyst, lingual mandibular salivary gland depression, below IA canal, pseudo cyst (no epithelial lining), depression in lingual wall of mandible, accommodates salivary gland tissue

A

stafne defect

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21
Q

within the soft tissue of the lip and below the ala of the nose, soft tissue cyst not intrabony

A

nasolabial cyst

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22
Q

well defined oval or heart shaped radiolucency between apices of roots of vital maxillary central incisors

A

nasopalatine duct cyst

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23
Q

most common non-odontogenic cyst in the oral cavity; an intra-osseous cyst; arises from epithelial remnants of the embryonal nasopalatine ducts

A

nasopalatine duct cyst

24
Q

extra-osseous variation of nasopalatine duct cyst

A

cyst of the palatine papilla

25
Q

arising from entrapped surface epithelial tissue remnants; floor of the mouth as a common location above the mylohyoid muscle

A

dermoid cyst

26
Q

unknown cause, affects jaws, teeth and overlying soft tissue; painless, unilateral enlargement of maxilla, fibrous hyperplasia of gingiva, missing premolars, hypoplastic primary teeth; thickened, verically oriented trabeculae

A

segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia

27
Q

localized, nonhereditary abnormality; affects enamel, dentin and pulp, “ghost teeth” enlarged pulp chambers, thin enamel and dentin, tx: generally extraction

A

regional odontodysplasia

28
Q

a group of syndromes characterized by premature closure of cranial sutures; mutation in FGFR2 gene; abnormal head shapes; beaten metal appearance of inner table of the skull

A

crouzon and apert

29
Q

another name: acrocephalosyndactyly; more severe head deformity; syndactyly; mental development delay; pseudocleft pattern formation; crowding of teeth

A

apert

30
Q

defects of 1st and 2nd brachial arch; downward sloping of palpebral fissures; hypoplastic nose and malar bones; abnormal ears; fish like mouth; coloboma; deafness; hypoplastic mandible; open bite; cleft palate; choanal atresia: respiratory difficulty

A

treacher collins; mandibulofacial dysostosis

31
Q

reduction in number of teeth

A

hypodontia

32
Q

lack of greater than or equal to 6 teeth

A

oligodontia

33
Q

complete lack of tooth formation

A

anodontia

34
Q

failure of eruption, primarily seen- 3rd molars and maxillary cuspids, hypothyroidism

A

pseudo-oligodontia

35
Q

most common site for supernumerary tooth

A

mesiodens

36
Q

supernumerary teeth seen in _ and _ syndromes

A

gardner and cleidocranial dysplasia

37
Q

most commonly affect teeth with microdontia

A

maxillary laterals and third molars

38
Q

dividing a single tooth germ, results in the incomplete formation of two teeth, as two crowns, but one single root. tooth count is normal

A

gemination

39
Q

union of two normally separated adjacent tooth germs, as a single large crown with either separate or fused roots and root canals; tooth count reduced by one

A

fusion

40
Q

union of two adjacent teeth by cementum only; a form of fusion takes places after completion of tooth formation; most often seen in adjacent maxillary molars

A

concrescence

41
Q

abnormal curve or angle in the root; caused by trauma to the tooth germ during root development; may cause problems in extraction or endodontics

A

dilaceration

42
Q

two forms- coronal and radicular, coronal more frequent, tooth prone to caries; decay not visible; tx: restore opening of invagination

A

dens in dente (dens invaginatus)

43
Q

an accessory enamel cusp found on the occlusal tooth surface; most often on the mandibular premolars; most frequently in Asians; tx: desire to avoid pulpal exposure and keep tooth vital

A

dens evaginatus

44
Q

droplets ectopic enamel; furcations of maxillary and mandibular molars; rarely on single rooted teeth; can have pulp horns and dentin; importance: loss of periodontal attachment, inflammatory cysts; maybe mistaken for calculus

A

enamel pearl

45
Q

means bull-like tooth presenting elongated, large pulp chamber and short roots; results in apical displacement of pulpal floor and rooth bifurcation; tx: no coronal extension of the pulp, no interference with normal restorative procedures

A

taurodontism

46
Q

an accessory cusp located in the area of the cingulum of a maxillary of mandibular permanent incisor

A

talon cusp

47
Q

a group of inherited conditions affection the enamel of teeth; no association with systemic conditions; autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or x linked

A

amelogenesis imperfecta

48
Q

_ type of AI: incomplete or arrested development of the enamel matrix, pitting, grooves, and generally rough surfaces, open contacts, enamel may be absent radiographically

A

hypoplastic

49
Q

_ type of AI: soft and undercalcified enamel, soft, yellow-orange enamel, rapidly lost, leaving exposed dentin; chalky-appearing teeth; associated with an anterior open bite

A

hypocalcified

50
Q

_ type of AI: proper deposition and early mineralization, but failure of maturation of enamel crystalline structure; enamel is not hard enough; it can be penetrated with an explorer tip; opaque and mottled appearance of the teeth; snowcapped type as a variant of this type

A

hypomaturation

51
Q

localized environmental enamel hypoplasia of the erupting tooth as a result of previous trauma to the deciduous incisors

A

turner tooth

52
Q

autosomal dominant; type I is associated with OI, type II has no association; common features: teeth appear translucent, opalescent, enamel is normal, but poorly supported-rapid wear, type III brandywine isolate type: shell teeth

A

DI

53
Q

short roots, bell shaped bulbous crowns, constricted cervical margins, obliteration pulps

A

DI

54
Q

autosomal dominant; radicular-roots are very short (rootless teeth), normal crown, pulps obliterated, PA lesions, perio concerns

A

type I dentin dysplasia

55
Q

autosomal dominant; coronel, enlarged pulps, thistle tube appearance

A

type II dentin dysplasia

56
Q

loss of root structure adjacent to the PDL; initiated by chronic inflammation induced by trauma, infection or reimplantation of avulsed tooth; ortho tx, cysts and tumors

A

external resorption

57
Q

resorption of dental hard tissue originating in the pulp; trauma or injury induced; often unknown etiology; pink color of crown due to hyperplastic vascular pulp; endo can stop destruction

A

internal resorption

Oral Pathology (11 decks)

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