Developmental/Genetic

Question 1

Development of the human body as a complex process with a series of _ _ and _

Answer 1

cell divisions

differentiation

Question 2

_ disorder is different from developmental disorder; caused by an abnormality in the genetic makeup.

Answer 2

inherited

Question 3

_ disorder, one which is present at birth. It can be either inherited or developmental

Answer 3

congenital

Question 4

One of the most common and major congenital defects in humans. About 1 out of every 700-1000 live births.

Answer 4

Cleft lip/cleft palate

Question 5

Majority of cases of cleft lip/cleft palate are…

Answer 5

CL + CP (45%)

Question 6

Simplest form of CP

Answer 6

cleft uvula/bifid uvula

Question 7

failure of fusion of palatal shelves

Answer 7

cleft palate

Question 8

failure of merging of maxillary process with medial nasal process

Answer 8

cleft lip

Question 9

bifid uvula often accompanied by _ _ cleft

Answer 9

submucosal palatal

Question 10

Mandibular micrognathia->glossoptosis and airway obstruction->palatal cleft

Answer 10

Pierre robin sequence

Question 11

normal variation of mucosa, not premalignant, more intense in dark skinned races, more intense in smokers, bilateral, opalescent film, reduces when mucosa is stretched

Answer 11

leukoedema

Question 12

Potential causes of _: congenital such as down syndrome, neoplasia such as lymphangioma or neurofibromatosis, amyloidosis, myxedema

Answer 12

macroglossia

Question 13

“tongue-tied”, occurrence of gingival recession

Answer 13

ankyloglossia

Question 14

results from the failure of migration of the primitive thyroid tissue from its developmental location to its normal position in the neck, as a nodule at the base of the tongue, in the midline

Answer 14

lingual thyroid

Question 15

association with geographic tongue, a component of melkerson-rossenthal syndrome

Answer 15

fissured tongue

Question 16

EBV-associated condition; not developmental, not premalignant, in HIV+ patients

Answer 16

oral hairy leukoplakia

Question 17

a small nodular excrescence of normal compact bone, asymptomatic, on the buccal aspect of alveolar ridge, no sex predilection

Answer 17

exostosis

Question 18

torus: more common in _

Answer 18

women

Question 19

stylohyoid syndrome, calcified stylohyoid ligament, post tonsillectomy

Answer 19

eagle syndrome

Question 20

latent bone cyst, static bone cyst, lingual mandibular salivary gland depression, below IA canal, pseudo cyst (no epithelial lining), depression in lingual wall of mandible, accommodates salivary gland tissue

Answer 20

stafne defect

Question 21

within the soft tissue of the lip and below the ala of the nose, soft tissue cyst not intrabony

Answer 21

nasolabial cyst

Question 22

well defined oval or heart shaped radiolucency between apices of roots of vital maxillary central incisors

Answer 22

nasopalatine duct cyst

Question 23

most common non-odontogenic cyst in the oral cavity; an intra-osseous cyst; arises from epithelial remnants of the embryonal nasopalatine ducts

Answer 23

nasopalatine duct cyst

Question 24

extra-osseous variation of nasopalatine duct cyst

Answer 24

cyst of the palatine papilla

Question 25

arising from entrapped surface epithelial tissue remnants; floor of the mouth as a common location above the mylohyoid muscle

Answer 25

dermoid cyst

Question 26

unknown cause, affects jaws, teeth and overlying soft tissue; painless, unilateral enlargement of maxilla, fibrous hyperplasia of gingiva, missing premolars, hypoplastic primary teeth; thickened, verically oriented trabeculae

Answer 26

segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia

Question 27

localized, nonhereditary abnormality; affects enamel, dentin and pulp, "ghost teeth" enlarged pulp chambers, thin enamel and dentin, tx: generally extraction

Answer 27

regional odontodysplasia

Question 28

a group of syndromes characterized by premature closure of cranial sutures; mutation in FGFR2 gene; abnormal head shapes; beaten metal appearance of inner table of the skull

Answer 28

crouzon and apert

Question 29

another name: acrocephalosyndactyly; more severe head deformity; syndactyly; mental development delay; pseudocleft pattern formation; crowding of teeth

Answer 29

apert

Question 30

defects of 1st and 2nd brachial arch; downward sloping of palpebral fissures; hypoplastic nose and malar bones; abnormal ears; fish like mouth; coloboma; deafness; hypoplastic mandible; open bite; cleft palate; choanal atresia: respiratory difficulty

Answer 30

treacher collins; mandibulofacial dysostosis

Question 31

reduction in number of teeth

Answer 31

hypodontia

Question 32

lack of greater than or equal to 6 teeth

Answer 32

oligodontia

Question 33

complete lack of tooth formation

Answer 33

anodontia

Question 34

failure of eruption, primarily seen- 3rd molars and maxillary cuspids, hypothyroidism

Answer 34

pseudo-oligodontia

Question 35

most common site for supernumerary tooth

Answer 35

mesiodens

Question 36

supernumerary teeth seen in _ and _ syndromes

Answer 36

gardner and cleidocranial dysplasia

Question 37

most commonly affect teeth with microdontia

Answer 37

maxillary laterals and third molars

Question 38

dividing a single tooth germ, results in the incomplete formation of two teeth, as two crowns, but one single root. tooth count is normal

Answer 38

gemination

Question 39

union of two normally separated adjacent tooth germs, as a single large crown with either separate or fused roots and root canals; tooth count reduced by one

Answer 39

fusion

Question 40

union of two adjacent teeth by cementum only; a form of fusion takes places after completion of tooth formation; most often seen in adjacent maxillary molars

Answer 40

concrescence

Question 41

abnormal curve or angle in the root; caused by trauma to the tooth germ during root development; may cause problems in extraction or endodontics

Answer 41

dilaceration

Question 42

two forms- coronal and radicular, coronal more frequent, tooth prone to caries; decay not visible; tx: restore opening of invagination

Answer 42

dens in dente (dens invaginatus)

Question 43

an accessory enamel cusp found on the occlusal tooth surface; most often on the mandibular premolars; most frequently in Asians; tx: desire to avoid pulpal exposure and keep tooth vital

Answer 43

dens evaginatus

Question 44

droplets ectopic enamel; furcations of maxillary and mandibular molars; rarely on single rooted teeth; can have pulp horns and dentin; importance: loss of periodontal attachment, inflammatory cysts; maybe mistaken for calculus

Answer 44

enamel pearl

Question 45

means bull-like tooth presenting elongated, large pulp chamber and short roots; results in apical displacement of pulpal floor and rooth bifurcation; tx: no coronal extension of the pulp, no interference with normal restorative procedures

Answer 45

taurodontism

Question 46

an accessory cusp located in the area of the cingulum of a maxillary of mandibular permanent incisor

Answer 46

talon cusp

Question 47

a group of inherited conditions affection the enamel of teeth; no association with systemic conditions; autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or x linked

Answer 47

amelogenesis imperfecta

Question 48

_ type of AI: incomplete or arrested development of the enamel matrix, pitting, grooves, and generally rough surfaces, open contacts, enamel may be absent radiographically

Answer 48

hypoplastic

Question 49

_ type of AI: soft and undercalcified enamel, soft, yellow-orange enamel, rapidly lost, leaving exposed dentin; chalky-appearing teeth; associated with an anterior open bite

Answer 49

hypocalcified

Question 50

_ type of AI: proper deposition and early mineralization, but failure of maturation of enamel crystalline structure; enamel is not hard enough; it can be penetrated with an explorer tip; opaque and mottled appearance of the teeth; snowcapped type as a variant of this type

Answer 50

hypomaturation

Question 51

localized environmental enamel hypoplasia of the erupting tooth as a result of previous trauma to the deciduous incisors

Answer 51

turner tooth

Question 52

autosomal dominant; type I is associated with OI, type II has no association; common features: teeth appear translucent, opalescent, enamel is normal, but poorly supported-rapid wear, type III brandywine isolate type: shell teeth

Answer 52

DI

Question 53

short roots, bell shaped bulbous crowns, constricted cervical margins, obliteration pulps

Answer 53

DI

Question 54

autosomal dominant; radicular-roots are very short (rootless teeth), normal crown, pulps obliterated, PA lesions, perio concerns

Answer 54

type I dentin dysplasia

Question 55

autosomal dominant; coronel, enlarged pulps, thistle tube appearance

Answer 55

type II dentin dysplasia

Question 56

loss of root structure adjacent to the PDL; initiated by chronic inflammation induced by trauma, infection or reimplantation of avulsed tooth; ortho tx, cysts and tumors

Answer 56

external resorption

Question 57

resorption of dental hard tissue originating in the pulp; trauma or injury induced; often unknown etiology; pink color of crown due to hyperplastic vascular pulp; endo can stop destruction

Answer 57

internal resorption