Epithelial Flashcards

1
Q

Probably caused by HPV; over 100 types identified; 6 and 11 are most commonly associated

A

squamous papilloma

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2
Q

any site, with the tongue and soft palate most frequently involved; typically solitary; usually pedunculated; variable color

A

squamous papilloma

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3
Q

papillary proliferation of hyperkeratotic stratified squamous epithelium; supported by finger like projections of fibrovascular connective tissue

A

squamous papilloma

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4
Q

squamous papillomas of the _ may behave differently

A

larynx

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5
Q

typically a benign skin lesion induced by HPV 2, 4, 6 and 40; relatively contagious with potential for autoinoculation

A

verruca vulgaris (common wart)

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6
Q

most commonly in children; skin of hands; more commonly sessile; variable color

A

verruca vulgaris

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7
Q

oral lesions uncommon; often indistinguishable from squamous papilloma; oral lesions typically appear white

A

verruca vulgaris

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8
Q

papillary, hyperkeratotic proliferation of epithelium; rete ridges appear to converge toward the center of the lesion; course keratohyaline granules and koilocytosis

A

verruca vulgaris

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9
Q

also known as “venereal warts”; caused by several strains of HPV, including types 2, 6, 11, 16, 18

A

condyloma acuminatum

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10
Q

typically a genital lesion; oral lesions -multiple, sessile, cauliflower surface

A

condyloma acuminatum

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11
Q

common lesion of the elderly; unknown etiology but correlated with sun exposure; may be hereditary

A

seborrheic keratosis

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12
Q

exclusively a skin lesion; face, trunk, extremities; tan to brown, roughened plaques; “stuck on” appearance

A

seborrheic keratosis

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13
Q

seborrheic keratosis; 30% blacks; multiple brown to black papules

A

dermatosis papulosa nigra

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14
Q

exophytic, papillary proliferation of basaloid cells; horn cysts and pseudo-horn cysts

A

seborrheic keratosis

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15
Q

multiple seborrheic keratoses may be an indicator of internal malignancy- _ sign

A

Leser-Trelat sign

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16
Q

common lesion of facial skin; unknown etiology; significance based upon the clinical resemblance to the more serious basal cell carcinoma

A

sebaceous hyperplasia

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17
Q

> 40 yrs; white, yellow or normal color umbilicated papule, usually

A

sebaceous hyperplasia

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18
Q

fordyce granules have same histo as _

A

sebaceous hyperplasia

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19
Q

benign lesion secondary to chronic sun exposure; no intraoral counterpart; patients who have facial ephelides (freckles) are more likely to develop later in life

A

actinic lentigo

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20
Q

elderly whites; facial skin, dorsum of hands and arms; brown to tan, well demarcated macules; no change on sun exposure (unlike ephelis)

A

actinic lentigo

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21
Q

common oral mucosal lesion of unknown etiology; lip lesions may be associated with actinic exposure; F>M; commonly affects the lower lip vermilion zone

A

oral melanotic macule

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22
Q

tan to dark brown macule usually less than 7mm; no change with sun exposure; oral

A

oral melanotic macule

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23
Q

Oral melanotic macule- histo may be necessary to rule out _

A

melanoma

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24
Q

benign proliferation of nevus cells, which are derived from neural crest and are related to melanocytes; acquired or congenital; intraoral lesions are uncommon

A

acquired melanocytic nevus (mole)

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25
Q

F>M; begin to occur in childhood; 10-40 may be present in the average adult

A

acquired melanocytic nevus

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26
Q

3 stages of acquired melanocytic nevus?

A

junctional, compound, intradermal

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27
Q

intraoral; palate, gingiva; less papillomatous; may never show pigmentation

A

acquired melanocytic nevus

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28
Q

proliferation of nevus cells that vary in morphology depending upon their depth; superficially arranged in theques

A

acquired melanocytic nevus

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29
Q

1% of newborns, 15% in the head and neck area; small (20 cm)

A

congenital melanocytic nevus

30
Q

proliferation of melanocytes within the subepithelial connective tissue; 2nd most common intraoral; Tyndall effect; any cutaneous site; F>M; macular or dome-shaped,

A

blue nevus

31
Q

Congenital melanocytic nevus- _ to _ % risk of malignant transformation

A

3 to 15%

32
Q

a white patch or plaque which cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease; most common precancerous oral lesion

A

leukoplakia

33
Q

worrisome sites- tongue, floor of mouth, soft palate, homogenous, speckled

A

leukoplakia

34
Q

architectural features of _: bulbous or drop-shaped rete ridges; acantholysis

A

dysplasia

35
Q

architectural features of _: invasion through the basement membrane; perineural invasion; vascular invasion

A

malignancy

36
Q

keratin pearl formation associated with _

A

malignancy

37
Q

leukoplakia with warty surface architecture

A

proliferative verrucous leukoplakia

38
Q

leukoplakia -biopsy is _

A

mandatory

39
Q

leukoplakia: _% risk of transformation to SCC

A

4%

40
Q

_ associated leukoplakia is classically located on the maxillary gingiva/vestibule

A

sanguinaria

41
Q

red patch that cannon be clinically or pathologically diagnosed as any other condition; greater presence of dysplasia than leukoplakia; same etiology as SCC

A

erythroplakia

42
Q

older males; floor of mouth, tongue, soft palate; well-demarcated velvety, red plaque; may be adjacent to areas of leukoplakia

A

erythroplakia

43
Q

erythroplakia: _% will show severe dysplasia or CIS

A

90%

44
Q

gray or gray-white plaque in the area of placement; diffuse borders; corrugated surface texture

A

tobacco pouch keratosis

45
Q

hyperkeratosis and acanthosis with/without intracellular edema; chevron surface architecture; may see connective tissue hyalinization

A

tobacco pouch keratosis

46
Q

benign hyperkeratotic change to the palatal mucosa secondary to tobacco smoking; most common in pipe and cigar smokers; similar changes may be induced by drinking hot beverages

A

nicotine stomatitis

47
Q

M>F;>45 yrs; grey-white mucosa, multiple papules with erythematous center

A

nicotine stomatitis

48
Q

hyperkeratosis and acanthosis; chronic inflammation; squamous metaplasia of the excretory ducts

A

nicotine stomatitis

49
Q

common premalignant lesion of skin; secondary to cumulative sun exposure (UV radiation)

A

actinic keratosis

50
Q

> 40 yrs; face, dorsum of hands, scalp; irregular scaly plaques of variable color; rough “sandpaper” feel

A

actinic keratosis

51
Q

common premalignant lesion of the lip (typically the lower lip vermilion); secondary to chronic sun exposure; equivalent to actinic keratosis of skin

A

actinic cheilosis

52
Q

> 45 yrs; M>F; early atrophy that progresses to scaly plaque; may show ulceration

A

actinic cheilitis

53
Q

Oral SCC: _ most common cancer in males

A

7th

54
Q

etiology of oral SCC: _ syndrome (iron deficiency anemia, glossitis, dysphagia)

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

55
Q

Normal gene that is transformed in some manner to alter its activity

A

oncogenes

56
Q

genes that normally function to protect damaged cells from proliferating; alterations allow for the accumulation of genetic damage

A

tumor suppressor genes

57
Q

tongue (ventral and lateral), floor of mouth, soft palate are most common sites; usually minimal pain; underlying bone may be altered

A

Oral SCC

58
Q

_ at diagnosis is the most important prognostic indicator

A

stage

59
Q

persons with one carcinoma are at increased risk of developing a second mucosal tumor

A

field cancerization

60
Q

rare low grade tumor first reported by Ackerman as a smokeless tobacco related lesion; even among smokeless tobacco users, squamous cell carcinoma is much more common

A

verrucous carcinoma

61
Q

males; >55; mandibular vestibule, buccal mucosa, hard palate; typically a white, warty plaque

A

verrucous carcinoma

62
Q

malignancy of the _ mucosa that is more common in parts of asia; associated with EBV infection, vitamin C deficient diets, and diets high in salted fish (nitrosamines)

A

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

63
Q

M>F; 40-60 yrs; primary lesion is usually undetected; enlarged cervical nodes typically the first sign; other presenting signs include unilateral serous otitis media and hearing loss

A

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

64
Q

extremely common low-grade cutaneous malignancy secondary to chronic sun exposure; tumor cells arise from the _ cell layer of skin and appendages; especially common in fair complected patients

A

basal cell carcinoma

65
Q

fair complected, >40; most common location is the middle third of the face; associated with nevoid _ syndrome

A

basal cell carcinoma

66
Q

most common form of BCC is _

A

noduloulcerative

67
Q

distinct peripheral palisading and stromal retraction

A

BCC

68
Q

may arise from preexisting benign melanocytic lesions or from skin subject to a history of acute solar damage; 3rd most common cancer but number one cause of death among skin cancers

A

melanoma

69
Q

most common melanoma

A

superficial spreading

70
Q

most oral melanoma

A

acral lentiginous

71
Q

rare; maxillary gingiva, palate; brown to black macule that extends laterally and thickens with vertical growth phase

A

oral melanoma

72
Q

melanocytic distribution throughout the epithelium

A

pagetoid spread