Test 1 Flashcards
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstrual flow
Dysmenorrhea
Pain during or shortly before menstruation, more common in smokers and obese women.
Where is dysmenorrhea pain usually located?
In the suprapubic area or lower abdomen, may radiate to lower back or upper thighs
Primary dysmenorrhea
A condition associated with ovulatory cycles, has a biochemical basis and arises from the release of prostaglandins with menses, excessive release of prostaglandins increases the amplitude and frequency of uterine contractions causing vasospasm, not caused by an underlying pathology
Secondary Dysmenorrhea
Menstrual pain that develops later in life than primary, typically after age 25, associated with pelvic pathology
Secondary Dysmenorrhea pain
Dull, lower abdominal aching that radiates to the back or thighs, bloating or pelvic fullness
PMS
Complex, poorly understood condition that includes one or more of a large number of physical and psychological symptoms beginning in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, occurring to such a degree that lifestyle or work is affected
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
More severe variance of PMS, the most common symptoms are those associated with mood disturbances
Menopause
Average age is 51, treat with hormone replacement therapy
Osteoporosis
Bone mass declines to such an extent that fractures occur with minimal trauma, placing women into long term care with the resulting loss of being independent, most women are unaware of having osteoporosis until they fracture the wrist or hip
Endometriosis
Presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus. Contain glands and stoma and responds to cyclic hormone stimulation, tissue grows during the proliferative and secretory phases of the cycle, may worsen with repeated cycles
When does endometriosis usually develop?
3rd or 4th decades of life
Symptoms of endometriosis
Pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia (painful intercourse), impaired fertility
Treatment of endometriosis
OCPs: suppress pituitary gonadotropin secretion
Oligomenorrhea
Infrequent menstruation
Hypomenorrhea
Scanty at normal intervals
Menorrhagia
Excessive bleeding
Metrorrhagia
Bleeding in between periods
Uterine Leiomyomas (Fibroids)
Benign tumors of the smooth muscle of the uterus with an unknown cause, occur in about 1/4 of women of reproductive age, more in african americans, common cause of menorrhagia
Fibroadenoma
Most common benign neoplasm of the breast, unknown cause, women experience tenderness in the tumor during the menstrual cycle, do not increase in size in response to the menstrual cycle, increase in size during pregnancy and decrease as the woman ages
Galactorrhea
Bilaterally spontaneous, milky, sticky discharge
Mammary duct ectasia
Inflammation of ducts behind the nipple, most often in perimenopausal women, discharge is thick, sticky, white, brown, green, or purple. Women frequently experience a burning pain and itching or a palpable mass behind the nipple
Intraductal Papilloma
Rare, benign condition that develops within the terminal nipple ducts, unknown cause, women ages 30-50, lesion too small to be palpated, characteristic sign is spontaneous, unilateral nipple discharge that is serous, serosanguinous, or bloody
