Exam 4 Cardio Flashcards
Most common way to diagnose CHD?
Echo, can be done in utero
Cardiac Cath
Invasive, cath is guided with fluoroscopy to the heart, dye is injected and the path through the heart is followed
Complications of Catheterization
Hemorrhage, fever, n/v, loss of pulse in cathed extremity, transient dysrhythmias
Pre op cath
Sedation, NPO, check allergies, locate and mark pulses
Post op cath
ECG monitor rath and rhythm, BP, pulse ox, frequent monitoring of extremity (pulse, color, temp) I&O
What do you do if bleeding occurs at cath insertion site?
Do not remove dressing. Hold direct pressure 1 in above site, lay child flat, call doc
Leg position after cath
Keep straight for 4-8 hrs
Cath insertion post op care
Keep free from infection (apply diapers) keep clean and dry, pt may shower only. Avoid strenuous exercise, but may attend school
Two types of congenital heart dz
Congestive heart failure and Hypoxemia
Normal pressure flow of heart
Left side has a higher pressure than right side.
Normal resistance of circulation
Pulmonary circulation has less resistance than systemic circulation
Increased pulmonary blood flow leads to what
Congestive heart failure, acyanotic
Decreased pulmonary blood flow leads to what
Cyanosis
Obstruction to blood flow out of the heart leads to what
Congestive heart failure, acyanotic
Mixed blood flow leads to what
Cyanosis, varied s/s
The inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation
Congestive heart failure
When does CHF occur in children?
Secondary to structural problems that cause increased blood volume and pressure in the heart