Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

the study of microscopic structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

clinical anatomy

A

anatomy as related to pathological entity, and especially as related to surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Comparative anatomy

A

anatomy that studies interspecies comparisons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Embryology

A

anatomy with reference to the period from conception to birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Descriptive Anatomy

A

anatomy as a description of, especially a treatise describing, physical structure, more particularly that of a man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

coronal plane

A

creating front and back halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sagittal plane

A

creating left and right halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

transverse plane

A

creating upper and lower halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

superior

A

upper point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

inferior

A

lower point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

anterior

A

toward the front of a part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

posterior

A

toward the back of a part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

proximal

A

closer to the trunk of attached end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

distal

A

further from the trunk or attached end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

abduct

A

to draw away from the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

adduct

A

to draw toward the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ventral

A

pertaining to the belly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

medial

A

toward the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

caudal

A

toward the tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

superficial

A

toward the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

deep

A

away from the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cranial

A

toward the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

rostral

A

toward the nose or beak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

aponeurosis

A

sheet-like tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

articulation

A

the point of union between two structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

belly

A

fleshy portion of a muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

body

A

major portion of a structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

bone

A

hardest connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

cartilage

A

connective tissue embedded in a matrix, capable of withstanding compressive and tensile forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

condyle

A

rounded prominence of a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

facet

A

a small surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

fascia

A

fibrous tissue encasing muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

fistula

A

opening, hole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

foramen

A

opening, passageway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

fossa

A

depression, groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

head

A

proximal portion of a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

insertion

A

portion of muscle that is relatively mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

origin

A

portion of a muscle that is relatively immobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

joint

A

articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

ligament

A

fibrous connective tissue connecting bones and cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

muscle

A

contractile tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

neck

A

constricted portion of a structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

organ

A

aggregates of tissues with functional unity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

process

A

prominence from a structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

protuberance

A

bulge or prominence from the surface of a structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

sheath

A

covering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

suture

A

immobile articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

symphysis

A

immobile articulation fused in early development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

tendon

A

connective tissue attaching muscle to bone or cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what is a system

A

group of organs that function together for some purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

systems of descriptive anatomy

A

muscular, digestive, respiratory, skeletal, reproductive, nervous, special senses(visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Basic Tissue Types

A

epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

55
Q

Tissue

A

aggregate of cells of the same type with functional unity

56
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

skin layers, the lining of cavities, may be secreting epithelium, may be ciliated

57
Q

Connective Tissue: major types of tissue

A

adipose(fat); dense fibrous: tendon, aponeurosis, ligament, fascia; Cartilage; Bone

58
Q

Muscular Tissue

A

Striated (skeletal, voluntary, somatic); Smooth (involuntary, autonomic), Cardiac

59
Q

Visceral Muscle

A

smooth muscle, associated with involuntary function, glands, organs of digestion, etc.

60
Q

Somatic Muscle

A

voluntary muscle, striated muscle, muscle associated with conscious movement

61
Q

Muscles are made up of…

A

fibers (fast and slow twitch)

62
Q

fast twitch muscle fibers

A

contract quickly, are for fine movement, and fatigue easily

63
Q

slow twitch muscle fibers

A

are for larger muscles, exert greater force, move more slowly, have greater endurance, antigravity muscles of trunk

64
Q

contraction

A

brings two points closer together, and muscles with more fibers can exert more force of contraction; longer muscles can contract farther than short muscles

65
Q

Origin

A

the point of attachment of a muscle that is relatively immobile during contraction

66
Q

Insertion

A

the point of attachment of a muscle that is relatively mobile during contraction

67
Q

Agonist

A

the muscle that performs the intended action (prime mover)

68
Q

Antagonist

A

a muscle that opposes the intended action

69
Q

Nervous System

A

system of controls and divided into two major parts the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

70
Q

Central nervous system

A

cerebral cortex, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord

71
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

consists of nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord, these nerves form the communication network between the CNS and the body parts. Further divided into the SOMATIC nervous system and the AUTONOMIC nervous system (the nerves).

72
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

sympathetic nervous system: excitatory response to the stimulation
parasympathetic nervous system: damping resonance following excitation (energy saving; heart deceleration)

73
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Motor control system, Sensory systems

74
Q

Somatic efferent system

A

skeletal muscle

75
Q

pyramidal system

A

direct activation pathway

76
Q

Activation of agonist

A

extrapyramidal system: indirect system

77
Q

Control of background responses

A

Somatic afferent system: sensory from body

78
Q

Motor activation of muscle

A

the impulse to activate muscle arises at the motor strip of the cerebral cortex

79
Q

Trachea

A

cartilaginous, 16-20 rings open in posterior, connected by smooth muscle, anterior to esophagus

80
Q

Right lung

A

3 lobes, 3 secondary bronchi

81
Q

Left lung

A

2 lobes, 2 secondary

82
Q

Lungs don’t have muscle. T or F?

A

T

83
Q

The only muscle withing the lungs is related only to bronchial dilation. T or F?

A

T

84
Q

Thorax

A

cavity bounded by the rib cage

85
Q

Costal (parietal) pleurae

A

on inner surface of rib cage

86
Q

Visceral pleurae

A

on surface of lungs

87
Q

pleural linings

A

provide friction-free interaction between the rib cage and lungs

88
Q

surfactant

A

very slippery fluid between parietal and visceral pleurae

89
Q

function of pleural linings

A

reduces surface tension, lungs follow rib cage, lungs are able to be held in dynamic suspension

90
Q

cavities of respiration

A

thorax(cavity created by the rib cage), abdomen(space containing organs of digestion), torso(thorax+abdomen), diaphragm(separates thorax from abdomen)

91
Q

Vertebral Column

A

composed of vertebrae, “spinal column”

92
Q

cervical

A

(neck), 1st, 7, C1-C7

93
Q

thoracic

A

2nd, 12, T1-T12

94
Q

Lumbar

A

3rd, 5, L1-L5

95
Q

Sacral; sacrum

A

4th, 5, S1-S5

96
Q

Coccygeal

A

5th, 4, C1-C4

97
Q

True Ribs

A

1-7, articulate directly with sternum

98
Q

False Ribs

A

8-10, articulate with sternum via costal cartilage

99
Q

Floating Ribs

A

11-12, do not articulate with the sternum

100
Q

Sternum

A

Manubrium, Corpus, Xiphoid process

101
Q

Rib cage

A

Posterior higher than anterior, elevates during inspiration, when it elevates the transverse dimension increases and pressure decreases.

102
Q

Pectoral Girdle

A

clavicle and scapula, the clavicle supports the scapula, and connects sternum and scapula

103
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

Made of three bones: ILLIUM(iliac crest, articulates with sacrum); ISCHIUM(articulates with pubis); PUBIS(pubic symphysis)

104
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

states that when you increase volume you decrease pressure and a decrease in pressure causes air to enter the lungs

105
Q

2 planes of movement during inspiration…

A

vertical(up and down) and transverse(side to side).

106
Q

Is the diaphragm the only unpaired muscle of respiration? T or F

A

T

107
Q

Actions of Diaphragm

A

contracts and pulls the central tendon down. increases the vertical dimension of the thorax. compresses abdominal ciscera.

108
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

comprised of two heads: sternal head and clavicular head

109
Q

Sternal head of sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin: mastoid process of temporal bone
Course: down and ventrally
Insertion: superior surface of clavicle
Innervation: XI accessory
Function: rotates head and elevates rib

110
Q

Clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin: mastoid process of temporal bone
Course: down
Insertion: superior surface of clavicle
Innervation: XI accessory
Function: rotates head and elevates rib cage

111
Q

External Intercostals

A

sparse in cartilaginous region, keeps space between ribs constant
Origin: lower margin of each rib
Course: down and forward to rib below
Insertion: upper margin of rib below
Innervation: intercostal nerves
Function: elevate rib cage

112
Q

Internal Intercostals

A

Chondral portion: this refers to the cartilaginous part

muscles of expiration (depresses ribs) EXCEPT the chondral (cartilaginous) portion of internals: these are inspiratory
They are absent near the vertebral column

113
Q

External Intercostals

A

muscles of inspiration (elevates rib cage)

They are absent near the sternum in the chondral portion

114
Q

Scalenes

A

scalenus anterior (C3-6), medius (C2-7), posterior (C5-8) (muscles of inspiration)

115
Q

Abdominal aponeurosis

A

support mechanism for the abdominal muscles, and it equals broad tendon with many layers

116
Q

Linea alba

A

from xiphoid to pubic symphysis

117
Q

The interchondral portion of the internal intercostals

A

is used for inspiration

118
Q

The interosseous portion of the internal intercostals

A

is used for expiration

119
Q

Tidal Volume

A

the volume of air exchanged in one cycle of respiration

120
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

the volume of air that can be inhaled after a tidal inspiration

121
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

the volume of air that can be expired following passive, tidal expiration; also known as resting lung volume

122
Q

Residual volume

A

the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum exhalation

123
Q

dead space air

A

the volume of air within the conducting passageways that cannot be involved in gas exchange

124
Q

vital capacity

A

the volume of air that can be inhaled following a maximal exhalation; includes inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume

125
Q

functional residual capacity

A

the volume of air in the body at the end of passive exhalation; includes expiratory reserve and residual volumes

126
Q

total lung capacity

A

the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume

127
Q

inspiratory capacity

A

the maximum inspiratory volume possible after tidal expiration

128
Q

acute conditions

A

those that occur as a result of disease or trauma, but which can be treated and ameliorated

129
Q

chronic conditions

A

some of these can be chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (bronchitis and emphysema), sleep apnea, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, lung cancer, and pleurisy

130
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchial passageway, which results in excessive mucus production

131
Q

emphysema

A

loss on continuity of the alveoli

132
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

lung tissue, particularly the alveolar walls, becomes scarred and thickened

133
Q

pleurisy

A

involves inflammation of the pleural lining

Anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions