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Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is community health?

A

Care outside the acute setting such as work, schools, homes, etc.

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2
Q

Community health focuses on

A

Specific communities or individuals who share important features in their life

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3
Q

What is public health

A

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts of society

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4
Q

community-oriented focuses on

A

-focus on aggregates (overall)

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5
Q

community-based focuses on

A

-focus on the individuals and their families

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6
Q

community-oriented goal

A

goal of health promotion and disease prevention

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7
Q

community-based goal

A

managing acute and chronic conditions

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8
Q

what kind of care does community-oriented focus on

A

mostly indirect but sometimes direct care

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9
Q

what kind of care does community-based focus on

A

direct care

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10
Q

what is a community

A

a group of individuals who have common interests which forms a sense of unity

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11
Q

types of communities

A

geographic, common interest, solution

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12
Q

what is population

A

individuals occupying an area or share interests

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13
Q

true or false:
populations and communities are terms that can be used interchangeably?

A

False:
communities interact; populations may not interact

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14
Q

what is the mission of Healthy People 2030

A

to promote, strengthen, and evaluate the nations efforts to improve the health and wellbeing of people

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15
Q

2 components of community nursing

A

promotion and prevention

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16
Q

levels of prevention

A

primary
secondary
tertiary

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17
Q

primary prevention

A

keep disease or illness from occurring

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18
Q

secondary prevention

A

recognize symptoms and detect early; screenings

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19
Q

tertiary prevention

A

minimize the negative impact and progression of illness

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20
Q

Which of the following are ex of secondary prevention (select all that apply)
A. HTN screening
B. Referring a newly identified diabetic to a diabetic clinic
C. Immunizations
D. TB skin tests
E. Removing rugs for fall risk pts
F. Providing therapy for individuals suffering from depression

A

HTN screening
Referring a newly identified diabetic to a diabetic clinic
TB skin tests

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21
Q

Community health nursing characteristics

A

population focused
greatest good for greatest number
primary prevention focus

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22
Q

Core public health functions:
assessment

A

collecting data

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23
Q

Core public health functions:
policy development

A

use of assessment date to develop a policy (informing and educating)

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24
Q

Core public health functions:
assurance

A

Was the goal achieved? Are necessary services available?

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25
Q

True or false:
The assessment function of public health involves informing clients and communites?

A

false

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26
Q

clinician

A

care provider

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27
Q

educator

A

health teacher, nursing instructor, clinical supervisor, nurse

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28
Q

advocate

A

plead for client’s cause

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29
Q

manager

A

administrative; plan, organize, lead

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30
Q

collaborator

A

joint working with others

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31
Q

leadership

A

help lead

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32
Q

researcher

A

systematic investigation, analyze date for solving problems

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33
Q

Roles of beginning professional nursing practice were grouped into broad roles that include care of which of the following (select all that apply)
A. Provider
B. Designer
C. Manager
D. Coordinator
E. Reimbuser

A

Provider
Designer
Manager
Coordinator

They all provide for care and are a member of a profession

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34
Q

True or false:
A nurse is advocating would help assist clients with navigating the health care system

A

true

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35
Q

settings for CHN practice

A

homes
ambulatory service (same day surgery)
schools
occupational health

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36
Q

True or false:
is a halfway house an example of the home as a setting for community health nursing

A

false a halfway house would be considered a residential institution setting

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37
Q

name the 3 core public health functions

A

assessment
policy development
assurence

38
Q

stages of community health nursing

A

early home care (before mid-1800s)
district nursing (mid-1800s to 1900)
public health nursing (1900 to 1970)
community health nursing (1970 to now)

39
Q

early home care nursing (before mid-1800s) began in

A

began in churches and charitable organizations

40
Q

early home care nursing (before mid-1800s) leaders

A

Florence Nightingale and Mary Seacole

41
Q

Florence Nightingale is credited with

A

-developing the secular profession of nursing
-recognizing the need for clean air and water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and lighting.

42
Q

Florence Nightingale established the first

A

non-religious school of nursing

43
Q

District nursing (Mid-1800’s-1900) began in ______ and started with _______

A

District nursing began in England and started with Mary Robinson

44
Q

Who was the U.S.’s first community health nurse

A

Frances Root

45
Q

District nursing focused on

A

Education on hygiene, cleanliness, diet, healthful living, and reporting vitals back to the Dr.

46
Q

Who started the Henry Street Settlement?

A

Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster

47
Q

Public health nursing (1900-1970) focus on

A

the health of the general public

48
Q

The first school nurse began in

49
Q

Who demonstrated effectiveness of school nursing

A

Lillian Wald

50
Q

Who initiated services with Metropolitan Life Insurance to provide services to policy holders and reduce death rates

A

Lillian Wald

51
Q

What did Lillian Wald contribute to the establishment of (x2)

A

NYC Bureau of Child Hygiene
National Organization of Public Health Nursing (NOPHN)

52
Q

Community Health Nursing (1970-Present) experienced growth where

A

Growth of nursing in community settings like Dr. offices, mental health services, senior citizen centers, work sites, and schools

53
Q

True or false:
Mary Robinson was the first U.S. Community Health Nurse

A

False; Francis Root was the first Community Health Nurse

Mary Robinson was in England

54
Q

True or false:
Florence Nightingale was the first person to use the term “public health nursing”

A

False; it was Lillian Wald

55
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the district nursing stage of community health? (select all that apply)
A. The focus was on the sick poor
B. District nurses provided education on hygiene and cleanliness
C. District nurses were based out of religious organizations
D. Mary Seacole was a nursing leader during this time period
E. Lillian Wald was a nursing leader during this time period

56
Q

Health promotion is a focus of ______

A

Community health

57
Q

A. Early home care (Before to mid-1800’s)
B. District Nursing (Mid 1800’s to 1900’s)
C. Public Health Nursing (1900 to 1970)
D. Community Health Nursing (1970 to present)

Focus on sick-poor

A

Early home care and District nursing

58
Q

A. Early home care (Before to mid-1800’s)
B. District Nursing (Mid 1800’s to 1900’s)
C. Public Health Nursing (1900 to 1970)
D. Community Health Nursing (1970 to present)

Mary Seacole

A

Early home care

59
Q

A. Early home care (Before to mid-1800’s)
B. District Nursing (Mid 1800’s to 1900’s)
C. Public Health Nursing (1900 to 1970)
D. Community Health Nursing (1970 to present)

Emergence of term “Community Health Nursing”

A

Community Health Nursing

60
Q

A. Early home care (Before to mid-1800’s)
B. District Nursing (Mid 1800’s to 1900’s)
C. Public Health Nursing (1900 to 1970)
D. Community Health Nursing (1970 to present)

Henry Street Settlement

A

Public health

61
Q

A. Early home care (Before to mid-1800’s)
B. District Nursing (Mid 1800’s to 1900’s)
C. Public Health Nursing (1900 to 1970)
D. Community Health Nursing (1970 to present)

Frances Root

A

District nursing

62
Q

A. Early home care (Before to mid-1800’s)
B. District Nursing (Mid 1800’s to 1900’s)
C. Public Health Nursing (1900 to 1970)
D. Community Health Nursing (1970 to present)

Mary Robinson

A

District nursing

63
Q

A. Early home care (Before to mid-1800’s)
B. District Nursing (Mid 1800’s to 1900’s)
C. Public Health Nursing (1900 to 1970)
D. Community Health Nursing (1970 to present)

Frontier Nursing Service

A

Public health

64
Q

A. Early home care (Before to mid-1800’s)
B. District Nursing (Mid 1800’s to 1900’s)
C. Public Health Nursing (1900 to 1970)
D. Community Health Nursing (1970 to present)

Religious Base

A

Early nursing

65
Q

A. Early home care (Before to mid-1800’s)
B. District Nursing (Mid 1800’s to 1900’s)
C. Public Health Nursing (1900 to 1970)
D. Community Health Nursing (1970 to present)

Emphasis on health promotion

A

Community heath nursing

66
Q

A. Early home care (Before to mid-1800’s)
B. District Nursing (Mid 1800’s to 1900’s)
C. Public Health Nursing (1900 to 1970)
D. Community Health Nursing (1970 to present)

First school nurse in NY

A

Public health

67
Q

culture definition

A

beliefs, values, and behavior shared by members of society
it provides a set of norms and values that offer stability

68
Q

race definition

A

biologically designated groups of people whose distinguishing features such as skin color are inherited

ask yourself if this client is at a higher risk for disease based on their race

69
Q

ethnic group definition

A

collection of people who have common origins, shared culture and identity
ex: may share common geographic origin, race, language, religion, traditions, values, and food preferences

70
Q

True or false:
Race and ethnicity are interchangeable

A

false; race is biological and ethnicity is cultural qualities

71
Q

cultural diversity aka

A

cultural plurality which means that a variety of cultural patterns can coexist in one geographic area

72
Q

Ethnocentrism definition

A

bias that person’s own culture is best and others are wrong or inferior

73
Q

Why is ethnocentrism a problem in healthcare

A

It can effect care because they might not accept the care they need

74
Q

Cultural sensitivity continuum

A

ETHNOCENTRISM->Refusal -> Resistance -> Neutrality-> Adjustment->Incorporation-> ETHNORELATIVISM

75
Q

Culture is (x5)

A
  1. Learned from others
  2. Integrated systems of customs and traits
  3. Shared
  4. Mostly tacit
  5. Dynamic
76
Q

Ethnocultural health practices

A

World community (biomedical view, magic religious view, holistic view, folk medicine and home remedies, herbalism, prescription/over the counter drugs)

77
Q

Diet therapies

A

Cancer diets, juice diets, fasting

78
Q

Gastrointestinal treatments

A

Coffee enemas, high colonic enemas

79
Q

Balance and exercise activities

A

tai chi, yoga

80
Q

Sensory exposure

A

Aromatherapy, music therapy, light therapy

81
Q

Therapeutic manipulation

A

Acupunctiure, acupressure, refexology

82
Q

Which would characterize a culture?
A. Inherited
B. Static
C. Individualized
D. Tacit

83
Q

Role of the community health nurse sequence

A
  1. Preparation
  2. Cultural self awareness
  3. Sensitivity
  4. Assessment of culture
  5. Teaching (culturally appropriate such as right language)
84
Q

Cultural Assessment questions you can ask your patient

A

Ethnic/racial background
Language and communications
Cultural values and norms
Biocultural factors
Religious beliefs
Health beliefs and practices

85
Q

Native Americans and Eskimo communities are more likely to develop what diseases

A

SIDS
Diabetes
TB
Obesity
Alcoholism

86
Q

African Americans are more likely to develop what diseases

A

Cardiovascular disease
Stroke
Cancer
Diabetes
Malnutrition

87
Q

Asian Americans are more likely to develop what diseases

A

Malnutrition
TB
Mental health
Respiratory infections
Arthritis
Cardiovascular disease and stroke

88
Q

Hispanic Americans are more likely to develop what diseases

A

Heart disease
Hypertension
Diabetes
Obesity
Asthma
COPD
Suicide

89
Q

Arab populations are more likely to develop what diseases

A

Tobacco use–oral cancer
Maternal-child health
TB
Malaria
Poor nutritional practices–obesity

90
Q

True or false:
The first step that a nurse does when applying transcultural nursing principles is to cultivate cultural sensitivity

A

False; The nurse first develops cultural self-awareness and then cultivates cultural sensitivity

Community Health Nursing (8 decks)

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