final exam Flashcards
what are some characteristics of vulnerable populations
higher risk of adverse effects
higher mortality rates
less access to healthcare
uninsured
diminished quality of life
what is differential vulnerability
the effect of stressful events on individuals
e.g. losing a loved one
examples of social capital
marital status
family structure
social networks
memberships
examples of human capital
education
job training
income
housing
isolation increases the risk for_____,______,&________
vulnerability
morbidity
mortality
root causes of vulnerable populations
socioeconomic status/poverty
insurance coverage?
race & ethnicity
how does lack of insurance contribute to health vulnerability
lack of preventative measures/screenings
delay in treatment
often not vaccinated
how does race/ethnicity contribute to health vulnerability
decreased access to housing, jobs, and resources
increased stressors
educational barriers
social determinants are conditions that affect the….
the health of individuals such as where they live, work, etc
it may affect the morbidity and mortality also
socioeconomic gradient refers to
the relationship between the social class/income and health
increased income=decreased morbidity and mortality
what are health disparities
unequal distribution of disease and health conditions
what are some causes of hearing loss
occupational noise exposure
attending loud events without ear protection
firearms
old age
vestibulocochlear nerve impairment at birth
what is the leading cause of disability
arthritis– it affects 25% if the people in the US
what are hearing loss nursing interventions
education is priority
screenings
provide resources
advocate for your patient
arthritis is most common in _____
arthritis increases your risk for_____
women
increases your risk for chronic health conditions
what impact does having arthritis have on a person’s life
-pain, disability, premature death
-have a higher risk of developing other chronic disease like heart disease or diabetes
-leading cause of work disability
-expensive treatment
how is arthritis pain managed
surgery
physical therapy
pain meds
what is the safest form of arthritis t/x
healthy people 2030’s goal is for people with arthritis to increase their physical activity
what are the effects of teen alcohol abuse
-poor/failing grades
-social issues like fights
-legal concerns like DUI or MIP
-health concerns like hangovers, alcohol poisoning, cancer, high BP, brain damage, liver disease
what are brief interventions
primary care physicians and/or
other trained health professionals have one or two behavioral therapy sessions with an adolescent who is using substances
-motivation
-education
why are brief interventions successful
they are successful because they can be implemented into schools, primary health clinics, ER, and outpatient behavioral health centers
what population is most affected by colorectal cancer
african americans
where does colorectal cancer grow
lower part of the digestive tracts
colorectal cancer barriers and challenges
limited access to healthcare
lack of education
feeling uncomfortable
fear of negative results
what are some barriers experienced by immigrant women
transportation
language
religion
lack of insurance
gender roles
culture
health issues
socioeconomic status
healthy people 2030 purpose
to promote, strengthen, and evaluate the Nation’s efforts to improve the health and well-being of all people
healthy people 2030 goals
-healthy lives free of disease and disability
-eliminate health disparities
-create environments to promote the full potential for health
-promote healthy habits
-leadership
public health nursing functions
-focus on the health of the general public and families
-Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster started the Henry Street Settlement
-NLN required public health content in BSN programs
who started the Henry Street Settlement
Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster
what is primary prevention
preventing it from happening
immunizations, education, counseling
what is secondary prevention
early detection
screenings
what is tertiary prevention
manage pain
treat symptoms
justice
fairness
malefinance
causing harm
nonmaleficence
do no harm
beneficence
doing good; benefiting
autonomy
when the nurse ensures the groups’ involvement in decision-making
veracity
truthful
fidelity
faithful
what is IRB
institutional review board
the IRB must have approval for what
anytime humans are used for research
what is culture
the beliefs, behavior, and values shared by members of society
what are the characteristics of culture
learned from others
similar traits and customs
shared
mostly tact
dynamic
epidemiology triad
host
agent
environment
in the triad who/what is the host
human or animal who harbors the disease causing agent
in the triad who/what is the agent
the factor that causes the disease
in the triad what is the environment
all external factors surrounding the host that may contribute to the host’s vulnerability
incidence
new cases of the specific disease during a period of time
prevalence
all active cases of a disease at a given time
active immunity
long term resistance
natural or artificial
vaccine or if you have had it before
passive immunity
short term resistance
naturally acquired
e.g. mother to unborn baby
herd immunity
level of immunity to a group of people
cross immunity
may be passive or active
exposure to one infection may increase immunity to another
shingles s/s
fever
h/a
chills
upset stomach
blisters (dissemination)
flu vaccine recommended for anyone ages____ and up
6 months and up
flu vaccine is especially needed for what groups of people
healthcare workers
children (esp younger than 2)
pregnant women
asthma or other chronic diseases
how is covid spread
droplet
airborne
contact
most common cause of pneumonia
streptococcus pneumonia
what are sicknesses that can lead to pneumonia
flu
RSV
pneumonia s/s
chills
fever
pleural pain
cough
how is hep A transmitted
fecal/oral
hep A s/s
jaundice
fever
malaise
nausea
abd pain
hep A can result in
chronic liver disease
is there a vaccine for hep A
yes
